Chemistry Of Antimony Research Articles

Chemistry of Antimony in Radiopharmaceutical Development: Unlocking the Theranostic Potential of Sb Isotopes.

Antimony-119 (119Sb) holds promise for radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT), emitting short-range Auger and conversion electrons that can deliver cytotoxic radiation on a cellular level. While it has high promise theoretically, experimental validation is necessary for 119Sb in vivo applications. Current 119Sb production and separation methods face robustness and compatibility challenges in radiopharmaceutical synthesis. Limited progress in chelator development hampers targeted experiments with 119Sb. This review compiles literature on the toxicological, biodistribution and redox properties of Sb, along with existing Sb complexes, evaluating their suitability for radiopharmaceuticals. Sb(III) is suggested as the preferred oxidation state for radiopharmaceutical elaboration due to its stability in vivo and lack of skeletal uptake. While Sb complexes with both hard and soft donor atoms can be achieved, Sb thiol complexes offer enhanced stability and compatibility with the desired Sb(III) oxidation state. For 119Sb to find application in RPT, scientists need to make discoveries and advancements in the areas of isotope production, and radiometal chelation. This review aims to guide future research towards harnessing the therapeutic potential of 119Sb in RPT.

A BUKI (Building up Knowledge Initiative) focussed on antimony’s environmental chemistry

Environmental contextScientific knowledge is continuously built up based on research results, and relies on their efficient and accurate dissemination. Using antimony as an example, a system is proposed that combines ease of access with focussed reviews while keeping track of all published work. This system, termed BUKI (Building Up Knowledge Initiative) is a collaborative approach based on the combination of a web-based platform and the elaboration of systematic reviews. AbstractThe increasing difficulties experienced by the scientific community in efficiently constructing knowledge from the flood of data being continuously produced are discussed and a concrete solution – a BUKI (Building Up Knowledge Initiative) – proposed for research on the environmental chemistry of antimony. A BUKI is a collaborative approach based on the combination of a web-based platform and the elaboration of systematic reviews. The antimony BUKI described here aims to improve our knowledge of antimony in environmental systems but also to stir up discussion about how research works nowadays and to provide a model for the development of other BUKIs.

Bioinorganic Chemistry of Bismuth and Antimony: Target Sites of Metallodrugs

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First example of antimoniated Schiff bases: Hypervalent Sb ← N(sp2) bonds

The first example of antimoniated Schiff bases viz. 1-[2-(bis-{2-[(1-R-p-tolylethylimino)methyl]phenyl}stibanyl)benz-E-ilidene]-(1-R-p-tolylethyl)amine (1) and tris[(R)-2-benzyliden-2-yl-amino)butan-1-ol]stibine (2) containing imino groups at the ortho position of aryl ring have been synthesized and characterized. The compounds were obtained by the reaction of tris(o-formylphenyl)stibine with R-4-dimethyl benzyl amine or (R)-2-aminobutan-1-ol, respectively. These chiral antimony based Schiff bases were characterized by IR, mass, 1H, 13C, NMR spectroscopy. The X-ray crystal structures of these two Schiff bases show hypervalent interactions between antimony and sp2 nitrogen atoms. Additionally compound 2 shows intramolecular Sb–O interaction also giving eight-coordination of antimony, both of these observations are uncommon in literature. These two compounds 1 and 2 show helicoidal chirality, which is a very new concept in antimony chemistry.

New stibines containing acetal and formyl group: Platinum complex and unexpected oxastibol derivative

A new tertiary stibine ligand ( 1) containing acetal group at the ortho-position has been synthesized. This new stibine was then complexed with PtCl 4 2 - to obtain trans-PtCl 2L 2 ( 2) where stibine acts as a monodentate ligand. The acetal was hydrolyzed in a slightly acidic medium and forms a very new stibine ( 3) containing formyl group at the ortho-position. When ( 3) was reduced with NaBH 4 an unusual oxastibol ( 4) derivative was obtained under the experimental conditions used. All the compounds were characterized by IR, mass, 1H, 13C, COSY and HETCOR NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structures of ( 2), ( 3) and ( 4) were determined. Compound ( 3) crystallizes in two different polymorphs ( 3a) and ( 3b) and both the polymorphs show hypervalent antimony with three Sb⋯O interactions and the molecule exists in O-cis-exo configuration. Compound ( 4) shows intramolecular Sb⋯O interactions. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on organoantimony compounds containing carbonyl groups though their phosphorus and bismuth analogues are well known. Compound ( 2) shows helicoidal chirality, which is a very new concept in antimony chemistry