Mercaptophenylboronic acid-modified double-layer PEI-Au magnetic probes: an ultrasensitive SERS biosensor for broad-spectrum bacterial capture and specific detection in clinical urine samples.

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an important component of the bacterial antioxidant system. In Salmonella Pullorum, an avian specialist serovar of Salmonella, four SODs are encoded, of which sod1 and sod3 belong to the Cu/ZnSOD family, and sod2 and sod4 belong to the Fe/MnSOD family. However, their respective potential functions in stress responses have remained unclear. In this study, we found that a (p)ppGpp synthetase mutant of S. Pullorum exhibited reduced antibiotic tolerance and SOD activity. To further understand the roles of SODs in antibiotic tolerance and virulence, four sod single mutants (Δsod1, Δsod2, Δsod3, and Δsod4) and two sod double mutants (Δsod1Δsod3 and Δsod2Δsod4) were constructed. We found that all four SODs contributed to total SOD activity and superoxide tolerance of S. Pullorum. However, this contribution was not uniform, as the Δsod2Δsod4 mutant showed the lowest survival rates under paraquat treatment, and the highest reactive oxygen species accumulation and lowest survival rates under antibiotic treatment, suggesting the key roles of sod2 and sod4 in degrading ROS in these processes. We also demonstrated that Δsod2Δsod4 was more easily eliminated in a chicken macrophage cell, as well as in the spleen and liver of infected chicken hosts, in comparison with the wild-type strain and other sod mutants. The Δsod2Δsod4 mutant was also the only strain which was completely nonlethal to one-day-old chickens. Taken together, our results indicate that, of the four sod genes, the Fe/MnSOD (sod2 and sod4) collectively had the most significant impact on antibiotic tolerance and pathogenicity of S. Pullorum.

Impact of timing of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease antibiotic initiation on hospitalizations in Japan.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a worldwide concern because it degrades public health along with elevating mortality numbers and producing economic strain. Massive use of antibiotics has resulted in numerous antibiotic treatments becoming ineffective thereby making it harder to treat different infections. Objective: This review evaluates economic and clinical effects of AMR and searches for reduction methods and implements practical solutions to fight this problem, solutions to counter the issue. Methods: Current publications, international reports, and recognized articles were evaluated through a literature search conducted in 2015-2024 using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. We focused on peer-reviewed studies, systematic reviews and reports about AMR mechanisms, epidemiology, economic impact mitigation as well as mitigation efforts irrelevant or low-quality studies were excluded. XX studies were selected based on relevance and credibility, including qualitative synthesis to provide insights into trends and mitigation approaches to AMR. Results: It has been observed that the growing issue of AMR is a result of increased use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, lack of laws governing their use, and absence of enforcement of proper laws. Three effective management methods exist for these factors through antibiotic stewardship programs along with phage therapy and international cooperation to control them. Studies conducted on multi-drug-resistant bacteria from ESKAPE pathogens show that antibiotic treatment with phages enhances bacterial removal and decreases antibiotic resistance rates. Conclusion: Studies prove that AMR success depends on simultaneous measures of monitoring and antibiotic controls and efficiency in drug creation and international teamwork. The continued excellence of antibiotics depends on strengthening currently available drug control programs for infection prevention purposes.

Mucin alleviates HFD-induced obesity and MASLD via an Akkermansia muciniphila-associated mucin-Neu5Ac-PPARα signaling axis.

Equine neorickettsiosis: A global perspective of the natural habitat of the bacteria and clinical disease.

Mycobacterial growth control is heterogeneous but maintained during treatment in patients with tuberculosis disease.

Spleen metabolomics coupled with gut microbiome analysis to elucidate the immunomodulatory mechanisms of longan polysaccharides against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mice.

Efficacy of traditional Chinese Medicine and antibiotics for bovine mastitis: A meta-analysis.

Antibiotic wastewater purification via functional microorganisms mediated by enhanced electric field from synergistic coordination on Fe,Al-GC/γ-Al2O3.

A review of antibiotic treatment by bioelectrochemical systems: Degradation mechanisms, resistance gene control, and hybrid technologies

Transcriptomic analysis reveals the multifaceted inhibitory mechanisms of thymol on the survival and virulence of Vibrio alginolyticus.

Isolation and genomic characterization of novel Escherichia phage with potential to control multidrug resistant extended-spectrum βeta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli.

Sustainable antibiotic reduction in poultry production with Pulsatilla saponins and herbal supplementation.

Advanced gentamicin-loaded chitosan/hydroxyapatite/mesoporous SiO2 scaffold: A comprehensive investigation of drug delivery and cellular interactions.

Spinal infection: an evolving clinical and public health challenge.

Analysis of gut microbiota and intestinal secondary bile acids metabolism in rats after short-term antibiotic treatment.

Pulmonary toxicity and antibiotic resistance risks induced by environmental MRSA exposure in mice.

Ceftriaxone (CEF) is a β-lactam antibiotic widely used in the medical field to treat various bacterial infections in both humans and animals. The high usage of CEF has the potential to cause environmental pollution and antimicrobial resistance, necessitating effective treatment methods. In this study, the adsorption method is proposed using Ni/Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) and Camellia sinensis extract-modified material (Ni/Al-CSe) as a sustainable bio-modification approach. The results show the optimal adsorption pH for Ni/Al LDH is 3 and for Ni/Al-CSe is 5, with the adsorption isotherms following the Freundlich model and the kinetics conforming to pseudo-first order (PFO). The maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) significantly increased from 28.818 mg/g (Ni/Al LDH) to 111.111 mg/g (Ni/Al-CSe). Thermodynamic analysis revealed that adsorption on both materials proceeds spontaneously, while the consistently more negative ΔG values and predominantly exothermic behavior of Ni/Al-CSe confirm its superior thermodynamic favorability associated with more specific surface interactions. Regeneration tests up to four cycles showed that Ni/Al-CSe was more stable than Ni/Al LDH. Overall, modifying Ni/Al LDH with Camellia sinensis extract was proven to enhance adsorption capacity, spontaneity, and stability, providing an effective and environmentally friendly solution for antibiotic treatment.

Daptomycin (DAP) or vancomycin (VAN) resistance can result in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia treatment failure. Clinical trials have not yielded a clear approach to MRSA combination therapy. Furthermore, there is not a protocol approved by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) for testing most possible antibiotic combinations, and methodology used in basic research laboratories for combination testing presents significant hurdles for implementation in clinical laboratories. In response to these challenges, we developed a high-throughput antibiotic combination testing assay to measure the minimum antibiotic concentration(s) required to reach 99% growth inhibition (IC99) and used it to identify antibiotics that can be paired with DAP to restore the DAP susceptibility of DAP-resistant (DAP-R) MRSA. The IC99 recapitulated time-kill curve results and were consistent with results of single drug MIC measurements performed under CLSI conditions. Using this assay, we found that cefazolin (CFZ) restored DAP susceptibility for DAP-R MRSA with L826F and Q692E mutations in the C-terminal region of the synthase domain of the multiple peptide resistance factor MprF. CFZ also improved VAN susceptibility when used in combination with VAN against these isolates. We established the association between the L826F MprF mutation and CFZ improvement in DAP (and VAN) susceptibility using an MprF deletion strain and transcomplementation with WT MprF compared with L826F MprF. This study highlights the IC99 assay's potential for identifying antibiotic treatment for DAP-R MRSA bacteremia and suggests a probable link between MprF synthase domain mutations and CFZ's ability to improve or restore DAP or VAN susceptibility.