Antibacterial Activity Of Oil Research Articles

Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Leaf Essential Oils of Three Different States of India against Shigella spp

In this present investigation antibacterial activity of turmeric leaf essential oils of three different states of the country, against Shigella spp. is reported through both primary and secondary methods. The three oils and their cocktail mixture (1:1:1) represented zones of inhibition around the discs, while studied primarily by disc diffusion method, at different concentrations. Comparatively, the cocktail mixture represented poor antibacterial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentrations varied between 15.62–500 μl/ml. The minimum killing time (MKT) of the oils varied from 1–24 hrs. Antibacterial activity of the oils were retained even after treating the oils at 100°C for 1hr and autoclaving. The test pathogens showed resistance towards commonly used antibiotics with a multiple antibiotic resistance range of 60–80 %. Phenol co-efficient of the three oils and their cocktail mixture reported to be 0.5.

Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils from Citrus spp.

The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oils from Bitter orange, Sweet orange, Lemon and Mandarin were investigated. The antimicrobial capability of these oils was determined against ten strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including some phytopathogenic strains. The antibacterial activity of the oils was expressed as minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). All oils showed good antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The MICs for selected oils ranged 15–250 µg/mL. The lowest MICs were 15 µg/mL and 20 µg/mL against Xanthomonas citri strains, respectively. The antioxidant and antiradical scavenging properties of the selected oils were tested by means of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. All examined oils exhibited a free radical scavenging activity, ranging 20–70% of DPPH inhibition. Lemon oil showed the most antioxidant capacity, with DPPH inhibition rate of 70%.

Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil from the Basil Cultivated in Heilongjiang

The essential oil was obtained from the white Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) grown in Heilongjiang by hydrodistillation in a clevenger apparatus with 0.28% yield. Then the chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS. A total of 25 constituents were detected, 24 compounds representing for 98.99% were identified, of which the most abundant compound was β-linalool (64.421%). The antibacterial activities of oil were tested against 3 different general of bacteria and were compared with that of the Penicillin sodium, using the filter paper disc agar diffusion method. The result showed that the oil has powerful inhibitory effects against Staphylicoccus albus, followed by Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli.

Antibacterial effects of the essential oils of commonly consumed medicinal herbs using an in vitro model.

The chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils from 10 commonly consumed herbs: Citrus aurantium, C. limon, Lavandula angustifolia, Matricaria chamomilla, Mentha piperita, M. spicata, Ocimum basilicum, Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris and Salvia officinalis have been determined. The antibacterial activity of these oils and their main components; i.e. camphor, carvacrol, 1,8-cineole, linalool, linalyl acetate, limonene, menthol, α-pinene, β-pinene, and thymol were assayed against the human pathogenic bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Micrococcus flavus, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis, S. epidermidis, S. typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus. The highest and broadest activity was shown by O. vulgare oil. Carvacrol had the highest antibacterial activity among the tested components.

GC-MS Analysis, Antibacterial Activity and Genotoxic Property of Erigeron mucronatus Essential Oil

GC-MS analysis of the hydrodistilled oil of Erigeron mucronatus DC was carried out, after the separation of a crystalline compound, lachnophyllum cumulene. Twenty-four components were identified. The oil contained 59.6% sesquiterpenoids, 16.1% monoterpenoids and 24.3% poly-acetylenic esters. Among the mono and sesquiterpenoids, limonene (10.3%) and caryophyllenes (11.4%) were the major constituents. The essential oil also revealed the unusual presence of both cis (8.3%) and trans (1.1%) methyl lachnophyllum esters. Seasonal variation in the yield of E. mucronatus oil was observed. The yield varied from 0.49 to 0.58%, being highest during the rainy season. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using a method based on zones of inhibition; the oil exhibited maximum anti- bacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, but moderate activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Genotoxicity of the oil was determined in AB blood serum at different concentrations and hours of exposure. The antibacterial activity of the oil and its insignificant genotoxicity at low concentrations make the oil a good candidate as a curative agent.

Antibacterial Activity and Composition of the Essential Oil of Nepeta Menthoides from Iran

The antibacterial activity and chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the aerial flowering parts of Nepeta menthoides were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Twenty-nine compounds representing 97.6% of the total oil were identified. Oxygenated monoterpenes (71.9%) were the principal fraction of the oil with 1,8-cineole (33.8%) and 4aa-7alpha-7aalpha-nepetalactone (23.2%) as the main constituents. The antibacterial activity of the oil and its two main constituents were tested against seven bacteria. High activity of the oil and its two main constituents was demonstrated against all the tested bacteria with MIC values in the range of 1.8 - 7.2, 0.9 - 7.2 and 1.8 - 15 mg/mL, respectively.

Volatile Constituents and Antibacterial Activity of Leaf Oil of Thottea ponmudiana Sivar.

The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the fresh leaves of Thottea ponmudiana was analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Twenty-seven components comprising 87.4% of the leaf oil were identified. Among the identified constituents 14.8% were monoterpene hydrocarbons, 32.6% were sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and 40.0% oxygenated sesquiterpenes. The major component, pregeijerene B (E,E,E-1,7-dimethylcylododeca-1,4,7-triene) (25.8%) was isolated and identified by IR, GC/EIMS and 1H-NMR analyses. The other major components in the leaf oil were 8α-acetoxyelemol (21.6%) followed by terpinolene (10.1%), elemol (8.2%) and bulnesol (4.9%). The antibacterial activity of the oil was tested against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The oil showed significant activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, in comparison with the standard, streptomycin.

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Pinus caribaea from Nigeria

The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the needles of Pinus caribaea by hydrodistillation was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. A total of twenty nine compounds, representing 93.8% of the oil were identified. The major constituents of the essential oil were β-phellandrene (67.9%), β-caryophyllene (10.2%) and β-pinene (5.4%). High concentration of β- phellandrene in the oil suggests its usefulness as fragrance. The antibacterial activity of the essential oil was evaluated using disc diffusion method. The essential oil exhibited moderate activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1000 ug/ml and no activity against Candida albican, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus typhi, Bacillus aureus and Proteus mirabilis. The antibacterial activity of the oil against P. aeruginosa suggests its potential use as a remedy for food-borne diseases.

Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activity of Leaf Essential Oil of Croton malambo

The composition of the essential oil obtained from leaves of Croton malambo was determined by means of GC-MS analysis. The major compound present in the oil was found to be: methyl eugenol (94.2 %); γ-bisabolene (1.3 %), isoelemicin (0.8 %) and γ-curcumene (0.8 %) were the minor compounds. The antibacterial activities of the oil from leaf were assessed against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginose, Escherichia coli and Candida tropicalis. A significant antibacterial activity was determined with the agar diffusion method. In vitro cytotoxic activity of C. malambo essential oil was tested against, human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, on prostate cancer cell line PC 3, on colon carcinoma LoVo and on normal human fibroblasts. The results indicated a moderate activity on MCF-7 cancer cell line.

Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils of Iranian Plants (Mazandaran Province)

The essential oils of 44 plants from north of Iran (Mazandaran province) were obtained by hydrodistillation. Antibacterial activity of oils was evaluated by macro-titer plate dilution method, using Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. Among the tested essential oils, four of them, Juniperus sabina L. (Cupressaceae), Carum copticum L. (Apiaceae), Ferula gumosa Boiss. (Apiaceae) and Allium akaka Gmel. (Liliaceae), showed considerable antibacterial activity against at least three test bacteria. Both Gram-positive bacteria tested were the most susceptible to the effects of oils. P. aeruginosa was the least susceptible bacterium whereas the other bacteria were partially inhibited by some of the essential oils tested. Detailed results of antibacterial activities of essential oils are presented in this paper.

Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of the essential oil from Abies koreana

The essential oils from an alpine needle leaf of Abies koreana, which is a species native to Korea, was obtained by hydrodistillation with 0.9% (v/w) yield and analysed by GC and GC-MS. Sixty-eight constituents, accounting for more than 95.9% of the total oil composition, were identified. The main compounds with concentrations higher than 3% were borneol (27.9%), alpha-pinene (23.2%), beta-pinene (5.8%), terpinene-4-ol (3.8%), bornyl acetate (3.4%) and alpha-terpineol (3.1%). The antibacterial activity of the oil was evaluated against nine microorganisms using disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The essential oil exhibited some broad spectrum antibacterial activity against the tested organisms, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Chemical Composition, Antibacterial and Antimutagenic Activities of Essential Oil from (Tunisian) Cyperus rotundus

Essential oil from the tubers of Cyperus rotundus, obtained by steam distillation, was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. In total, 33 compounds were identified. The oil was characterized by its high content of sesquiterpenes with cyperene (30.9%) being major. The antibacterial activity of oil from tubers of Cyperus rotundus, showed more important activity against Gram-positive bacteria specially Staphylococcus aureus than Gram-negative bacteria. The antimutagenic activity was tested by the “SOS Chromotest” and the “Ames” test. C. rotundus oil acted as an antimutagen against Afl atoxin B1 in both Salmonella strains (TA100 and TA98) and Escherichia coli strain (PQ37) and against nifuroxazide in Escherichia coli strain (PQ37), where its mutagenicity is not expressed. The highest rates of AFB1 mutagenesis inhibition tested by Ames assay, ranged from about 82.56% for TA100 strain to 85.47% for TA98 strain at the same dose of 50 μg AFB1 per plate. Whereas, the mutagenic effect of respectively nifuroxazide and AFB1 (50 μg/assay) were reduced by aproximately 58.19% and 81.67% when tested by the SOS chromotest assay.

Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Achillea crithmifolia and Achillea nobilis Essential Oils

The composition of the essential oils of Achillea crithmifolia and Achillea nobilis was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main compounds of the A. crithmifolia essential oil were camphor (27.6%), 1,8-cineole (26.5%) and trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (18.8%), while the most abundant compounds in the A. nobilis oil were α-thujone (25.7%), artemisia ketone (14.8%), borneol (9.9%) and camphor (8.2%). The antibacterial activity of oils was tested for the first time. Both examined oils showed very strong antibacterial activity against all tested microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus).

1998 William J. Stickel Bronze Award. Antifungal activity of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea-tree) oil against various pathogenic organisms.

Tea-tree oil (oil of Melaleuca alternifolia) has recently received much attention as a natural remedy for bacterial and fungal infections of the skin and mucosa. As with most naturally occurring agents, claims of effectiveness have been only anecdotal; however, several published studies have recently demonstrated tea-tree oil's antibacterial activity. This study was conducted to determine the activity of tea-tree oil against 58 clinical isolates: Candida albicans (n = 10), Trichophyton rubrum (n = 8), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (n = 9), Trichophyton tonsurans (n = 10), Aspergillus niger (n = 9), Penicillium species (n = 9), Epidermophyton floccosum (n = 2), and Microsporum gypsum (n = 1). Tea-tree oil showed inhibitory activity against all isolates tested except one strain of E floccosum. These in vitro results suggest that tea-tree oil may be useful in the treatment of yeast and fungal mucosal and skin infections.