Antiplaque Efficacy Research Articles

Evaluation of Anti-Plaque Efficacy of a Herbal and Non-Herbal Dentifrice: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Context: The primary objective of using dentifrice is to remove plaque biofilm from tooth surfaces and additionally protect teeth from sequelae of events – halitosis, gingivitis, periodontal inflammation, and dental caries. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and consumer satisfaction profile of using herbal and nonherbal dentifrice in controlling dental plaque. Settings and Design: The randomized clinical trial was conducted on dental students at K. D. Dental College and Hospital, Mathura. Subjects and Methods: The triple-blinded trial was conducted during July 2022 over 15 days among 50 dental students of the institute, aged 18–21 years selected using simple random sampling and allocated into two groups: Group A – herbal dentifrice (Patanjali Dant Kanti dentifrice) and Group B – nonherbal dentifrice (Colgate dentifrice). At baseline, open ended self administered questionnaire regarding general information was recorded followed by full mouth prophylaxis and instructions to brush twice daily with allocated dentifrice following modified bass technique. Plaque assessment was done for index teeth on the 7th and 15th days using the plaque index. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were analyzed using SPSS. Intergroup comparisons were done using paired t-test and descriptive statistics for consumer satisfaction profile assessment. Results: The mean plaque index scores for Groups A and B was reduced at 15th day in comparison to scores on 7th day. Consumer satisfaction feedback was found statistically significant for Group A with insignificant for Group B on few parameters. Conclusions: Herbal dentifrice had similar antiplaque efficacy to nonherbal dentifrice with satisfactory consumer feedback without side effects on using them.

Comparative evaluation of 4% mangosteen mouthwash with 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash as an adjunct to SRP in patients with gingivitis

Introduction: Mangosteen, a fruit indigenous to tropical rainforest regions such as Southeast Asia, has been used as a key component in Chinese medicine and Ayurveda. It possesses antibacterial, anti-plaque, and anti-inflammatory properties. While chlorhexidine mouthwash is considered the gold standard, its multiple side effects necessitate the search for an herbal substitute.Aim: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-plaque efficacy of 4% mangosteen mouthwash as an adjunct to SRP in patients with generalized moderate to severe gingivitis. Methodology: The study recruited 30 participants between the ages of 20 and 70 years who had moderate to severe gingivitis. After undergoing scaling and root planning (SRP) therapy, they were randomly allocated to two groups: GROUP 1 (Test) received mangosteen mouthwash (n=15) while GROUP 2 (Control) received chlorhexidine mouthwash (n=15). Participants were instructed to rinse their mouth with 10 ml of the mouthwash twice daily for 14 days after brushing. The clinical outcomes assessed were the Plaque Index (Silness and Loe 1964) and Gingival index (Loe and Silness 1963) at baseline, day 14, and day 21. Statistical analysis was performed using the student 't'-test.Result: Both the group that received mangosteen mouthwash and the group that received chlorhexidine mouthwash showed significant improvements in their gingival and plaque indices from baseline to day 14 and day 21.Conclusion: The study found that the 4% mangosteen mouthwash was equally effective as the 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash in reducing plaque and gingivitis.

Characterization of Cocoa Bean Husk Extract Particles and its Comparison as a Mouthrinse with Different Vehicles in Children aged 7-12 Years.

Assessing the efficacy of cocoa bean husk extract (CBHE) particles with different vehicles as a mouthrinse in children aged 7-12 years in comparison to chlorhexidine (CHX) and sodium fluoride (NaF) mouthrinse. A total of 80 children aged 7-12 years residing at a residential school/orphanage in Bengaluru city were selected and randomly allocated into five groups-group I: 0.1% CBHE with distilled water (DW); group II: 0.1% CBHE with Ringer's lactate (RL); group III: 0.12% CHX; group IV: 0.1% CBHE with normal saline (NS); and group V: 0.05% NaF. A Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) was recorded, salivary pH was assessed, and unstimulated saliva samples were collected at baseline (BL) after 30 minutes of rinsing on day 7 and day 14. These saliva samples were subjected to microbiological analysis, and all the data from five groups at four different time intervals was tabulated and statistically evaluated. Nearly 0.1% CBHE with NS as vehicle showed maximum antibacterial properties among all the groups at all time intervals. The addition of RL to CBHE provided better anti-plaque efficacy than 0.1% CBHE with DW and 0.12% CHX mouthwash. All three combinations of 0.1% CBHE and 0.12% CHX mouthwash proved to be better anti-plaque agents than 0.05% NaF. Improving the preparation of CBHE mouthwash by using NS, RL, and with the addition of saccharin sodium also improved the patient's compliance. Thus, preparing chocolate/CBHE mouthwash with NS or RL instead of plain DW increased the salivary pH, anti-plaque efficacy, and antibacterial property by reducing Streptococcus mutans growth. Cocoa bean husk extract (CBHE) mouthwash is a better anticariogenic and nonalcoholic mouthwash compared to CHX and NaF, which can be safely used in children as a routine oral rinse and also for those with gingivitis and high-risk of caries. Kibriya S, Srinivasan I, Setty JV, et al. Characterization of Cocoa Bean Husk Extract Particles and its Comparison as a Mouthrinse with Different Vehicles in Children aged 7-12 Years. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(1):54-59.

Antiplaque Efficacy of Essential Oils as Compared to Chlorhexidine Gluconate- A Prospective Clinico-Microbiological Study

Background: According to Egyptian pictograms and medical records, non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) has been practised for a very long time. Several clinical studies have depicted relevant clinical results when subgingival irrigation was carried out as an adjuvant therapy to SRP. This study aims to compare essential oils as subgingival irrigant agents with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and sterile saline over a period of 21 days. Setting and Design: This is a comparative study of three groups (chlorhexidine group, essential oil group, sterile saline group). Each group had ten patients having chronic periodontitis who were randomly assigned and treated with subgingival irrigants. For, the essential oil group, the irrigant was indigenously prepared at chairside. Material and Methods: Following the initial examination and selection of patients, clinical parameters were noted and collection of plaque samples was done. These samples were then sent for microbiological assay at baseline. SRP was done along with subgingival irrigation at baseline, 7th and 14th day. Clinical parameters were monitored again and plaque samples were sent for microbiological test on the 21st day. Results: There was no significant difference noted between the groups in any of the clinical parameters. However, regarding microbiological parameter, better results were demonstrated in CHX group and essential oil group compared to sterile saline group that was statistically significant. CHX and essential oil group demonstrated no statistical difference. Conclusion: The result of this study suggests that essential oils can be used as a subgingival irrigant in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.

Clinical efficacy of green tea, aloe vera and chlorhexidine mouthwashes in the treatment of dental biofilm induced gingivitis: A multi-arm, double-blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial.

This multi-arm, randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial was designed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of 0.5% green tea (GT), 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and aloe vera (AV) mouthwash as compared to the control (CNT) group (scaling and polishing alone with no mouthwash) in the management of dental biofilm induced gingivitis among 18-40-year-old patients. Sixty patients with generalized dental biofilm-induced gingivitis were randomly allocated to four study groups (n=15 each) for treatment, namely Group GT, Group CHX, Group AV and Group CNT after scaling and polishing were administered to all the patients. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and sulcular bleeding index (SBI) were recorded at baseline, 14th and 21st day. PI, GI and SBI at various time intervals (baseline, 14th and 21st day) showed high statistically significant differences within the group (p < 0.01). Among these, the maximum percentage change was found in the CHX group followed by GT when evaluated from baseline to 21st day. The least percentage change was found in the AV group for PI and GI while the CNT group showed the least percentage change for sulcular index when evaluated from 14th to 21st day. Inter-group results showed high statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) for PI and GI when evaluated between baseline to 14th day and baseline to 21st day. SBI also showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) when evaluated between baselines to 14th day and baseline to 21st day. Green tea mouthwash displayed a significant reduction in plaque index, gingival index and sulcular bleeding index. 0.5% green tea catechin has equivalent anti-plaque efficacy as 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate and can be considered a potent alternative to prevent and treat gingival diseases.

Comparative Evaluation of 4% Cranberry Gel And 1% Chlorhexidine Gel as an Adjunct to SRP in Gingivitis Patients.

Introduction - Cranberry, a native North American fruit, has lately come into spotlight owing to its multiple beneficial effects on periodontal health. Aim - To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-plaque efficacy of 4% Cranberry gel as an adjunct to SRP in generalized moderate to severe gingivitis patients. Methodology - 30 subjects with age range of 17 to 60 years, with moderate to severe gingivitis were chosen for study, After Phase-I therapy, the subjects were randomly allocated to 2 groups: Group 1(Test)(n=15)–4% cranberry gel and Group 2(Control)(n=15)–1% chlorhexidine gel (Hexigel®). Subjects were instructed to apply the pea sized amount of gel topically on the gingival surface, two times a day after brushing and to keep it for 5 minutes during 14-day period. The clinical outcomes plaque index gingival index and modified sulcular bleeding index were recorded at baseline, 7 th day and 21st day. Using ttest, statical analysis was performed. Results – Both the group that received Cranberry gel and Hexi gel showed significant improvement in clinical parameters after 7 th and 21st days. However, on inter group comparison, there was no significant difference between two groups. Conclusion – The 4% Cranberry gel as well as 1% Hexi gel were seen to be similarly efficient in generalized moderate to severe gingivitis patients

Antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of new and worn manual toothbrushes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

To systematically review the literature about the antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of new and worn manual toothbrushes. Five databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials, involving adults, comparing the clinical efficacy of new and worn manual toothbrushes. Experimental groups need to have different usage time in changing their manual toothbrush. Two reviewers performed studies selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment independently. Meta-analyses were performed comparing the toothbrushes after a single use (antiplaque efficacy) and after multiple uses (antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy). Eight studies were included, totalling 344 individuals. In studies with a single-use design, no statistically difference was found between new and worn toothbrushes for antiplaque efficacy (SMD:-0.39; 95%CI:-0.80 to 0.03). Studies with a multiple-use design showed no statistically difference between groups for the antigingivitis efficacy (MD:-0.10; 95%CI:-0.24 to 0.03). However, higher antiplaque efficacy was demonstrated in new toothbrushes in the studies with a multiple-use design (SMD:-0.75; 95%CI:-1.37 to -0.14). The certainty of the evidence ranged from very low (antiplaque) to low (antigingivitis). New and worn toothbrushes presented similar antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy. However, further randomized controlled trials, with a lower risk of bias, are needed to enhance the certainty of this evidence.

Comparative Evaluation of Antiplaque Efficacy of Chlorhexidine, Green Tea and Herbal Mouthwashes: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Comparative Evaluation of Antiplaque Efficacy of Chlorhexidine, Green Tea and Herbal Mouthwashes: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of medicated and non-medicated sugar-free chewing gum as adjuncts to toothbrushing: systematic review and network meta-analysis.

This network meta-analysis (NMA) assessed the antiplaque and anti-inflammatory efficacy of different sugar-free chewing gums (SFCG) as adjuncts to toothbrushing. PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CENTRAL databases were searched up to February 2021 to identify randomized controlled trials, involving adults, comparing antiplaque and anti-inflammatory effects of SFCG, with different active ingredients, as adjunctive to mechanical control of biofilm, with a minimum of 7-day of follow-up. Plaque and gingival indexes were assessed. The risk of bias assessment was performed with the RoB 2.0 tool. NMA, and pairwise meta-analyses were performed for both dental plaque and gingival indexes. Twelve studies were included, comprising 850 (antiplaque) and 1459 (gingival inflammation) subjects randomized into 9 interventions: (1) chlorhexidine; (2) chlorhexidine + xylitol (CHX+Xyl); (3) green tea + xylitol (GT+Xyl); (4) magnolia; (5) Lactobacillus reuteri; (6) vitamin C + xylitol; (7) vitamin + carbamide; (8) eucalyptus; and (9) negative control, sorbitol, gum base only, or no chewing gum. No statistically significant differences were detected among SFCG, with different active ingredients, for both antiplaque and anti-inflammatory efficacy (p > 0.05). However, SFCG with GT+XyL outperformed negative control gums regarding antiplaque efficacy (SMD, - 2.93; 95% CrI, - 0.45 to - 5.38). The SUCRA results showed that SFCG containing GT+Xyl was ranked first, for both antiplaque and anti-inflammatory outcomes. SFCG containing GT+Xyl showed better antiplaque effect over negative controls. However, cautious interpretation is required due to the low number of direct comparisons arms. These shortcomings underscore the need for RCTs with mostly head-to-head comparison that provide more conclusive evidence. There is no robust evidence for the clinical indications of sugar-free chewing gums as adjunct to toothbrushing for the control of biofilm or the treatment of gingivitis.

Effectiveness of interdental cleaning devices with active substances: a systematic review.

To systematically review the literature on the efficacy of interdental cleaning devices (ICDs) used with active substances, as adjuncts to toothbrushing, in comparison with toothbrushing alone or with ICDs without active substances. Searches for randomized clinical trials were performed in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane (CENTRAL), and Web of Science. Two independent researchers performed study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment; a third one resolved any disagreement. Meta-analysis was not feasible, and a narrative approach was used to synthesize the evidence. Seven studies were included. Dental floss with chlorhexidine was used in five studies, whereas interdental brushes with chlorhexidine and cetylpyridinium chloride were used in one study each. ICDs with active substances resulted in significantly higher antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacies than without ICDs (n = 3). ICDs with and without active substances demonstrated contrasting results. For this comparison, six studies were included for each outcome. Significantly higher antigingivitis efficacy of ICDs with active substances was noted in four studies, whereas significantly higher antiplaque efficacy of ICDs with active substances was reported in three studies. All comparisons demonstrated a very low certainty of evidence. There is no robust evidence for the additional clinical efficacy of ICDs with active substances regarding their antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacies. These devices may have additional clinical efficacy when compared with the absence of interproximal hygiene. The use of ICDs helps maintain or achieve periodontal health. However, the adjunct use of active substances may not provide additional benefits.

The Antiplaque Efficacy and Effectiveness of Activated Charcoal Toothpaste of Elaeis guineensis in Smokers

Plaque on the teeth of smokers comes from cigarette smoke tar that settles on the surface of the teeth and roots of the teeth, causing the tooth surface to become rough and easier to stick with food debris and germs that will react making it easier for plaque to form. This study was aims to determine the safety and effectiveness of removing plaque in palm shell activated charcoal toothpaste with a concentration of 12% calcium carbonate combination of 25%. The content of calcium carbonate as an abrasive against the dental plaque of active smokers. The method used was measurement the plaque index score according to Turesky before and after using toothpaste on 20 panelists of active smokers. The decrease in plaque index in the use of toothpaste by using Wilcoxon's non-parametric statistical test, namely P = 0.000 (Sig &lt;0.05). The results showed that toothpaste in the first week was able to reduce dental plaque by 59% compared to positive control by 45% and without activated charcoal by 34%. Toothpaste and positive control in the second week were able to remove dental plaque by 100%, while toothpaste without activated charcoal and calcium carbonate was only able to remove dental plaque by 68%. It can be concluded that palm shell activated charcoal toothpaste with a concentration of 12% combined with 25% calcium carbonate is safe and effective in removing plaque on the teeth of smokers.Keywords: dental plaque, efficacy, palm shells

Antiplaque efficacy of toothpaste – A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background: Different toothpastes of the corresponding active ingredients could have variable extent of effectiveness; this raises the amount of choices with the marketplace for toothpaste containing these agents and makes it more difficult to gauge their effectiveness. Therefore, the purpose of this systemic review and meta-analysis was to gauge the antiplaque efficacy of different toothpaste agents in studies involving randomized clinical trials published over a span of January 2015-May 2020. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive and systematic electronic search via PubMed, TRIP, Cochrane, and Google scholar prompted in 593 articles. Subsequently screening titles and abstracts for applicability, 31 Randomized controlled trial (RCT) articles were enclosed in the review. With the aid of the Cochrane Collaboration's tool, the risk of bias of each study was assessed. Results: A total of 2467 individuals partake in 31 RCT studies. Triclosan toothpaste was superior over sodium fluoride/monofluorophosphate toothpaste (standard mean difference, SMD − 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] (2.81–0.10), P = 0.007) in plaque reduction. Long-term utilization of stannous fluoride toothpastes reduced dental plaque superior than monofluorophosphate toothpaste (SMD − 0.61, 95% (CI 1.04–0.18), P = 0.005). There was no discernible difference in plaque reduction. Conclusion: Within the confines of the current study's limitations (which embody the severe imbalance within the quantity of evidence), once scrutiny among products, triclosan and stannous fluoride in dentifrices seem to be the foremost efficacious plaque controlling active agents.

Anti-plaque efficacy of Hi-Ora mouthrinse and 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate in patients with chronic gingivitis: A case-control study.

Background:Chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate has remained the gold standard chemical plaque control agent till date, though, being associated with several disadvantages including its tendency to stain teeth and leading to irritation of soft tissues. To overcome these inherent disadvantages, there has been a surge of studies in the recent past to evaluate the efficacy of herbal mouthrinses as against CHX.Objective:The present study was planned to compare the anti-plaque efficacy of Hi-Ora mouthrinse as against 0.12% CHX in patients with chronic gingivitis.Materials and Methods:The present study was designed as a case–control study including 90 patients with chronic gingivitis who were divided into 3 groups including Group A in which 0.12% CHX was prescribed, Group B in which patients were prescribed Hi-Ora and Group C in which normal saline was prescribed after oral prophylaxis while the mean Gingival Index (GI) and Plaque Index (PI) scores were recorded on the 5th postprocedural day.Results:The mean GI score in CHX group was found to be 0.70 ± 0.25 as against 0.66 ± 0.16 in Hi-Ora and 1.59 ± 0.55 in normal saline groups. Similarly, the mean PI score in CHX group was found to be 0.80 ± 0.31 as against 0.77 ± 0.30 in Hi-Ora and 1.86 ± 0.61 in normal saline groups.Conclusions:The results of the present study suggested Hi-Ora to be more effective than 0.12% CHX in reducing the mean GI and PI scores among all the 3 groups.

Antibacterial and antiplaque efficacy of a lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-hydrogen-peroxide-system-containing lozenge

BackgroundAntimicrobial agents are considered valuable adjuncts to mechanical methods of plaque control. However, their long-term use can be limited because of side effects.Therefore, using physiological substances is promising due to no risk of development, for example, of microbial resistances, allergies or DNA damaging. The lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-hydrogen peroxide system (LPO-system) is a highly effective antimicrobial system. This study aimed to evaluate in a randomized study with a four-replicate cross-over design the effectiveness of two oral hygiene lozenges containing LPO-system in oral hygiene.ResultsAfter using the mouth rinse as positive control (A) and allocated test lozenges (B) (0.083% H2O2) & (C) (0.04% H2O2) for 4 days instead of the normal oral hygiene procedures (tooth brushing etc.), Listerine rinse (A) was statistically significantly more effective than the LPO-system-lozenge with 0.083% H2O2, the LPO-system-lozenge with 0.04% H2O2, and the placebo lozenge (D) in inhibiting plaque. Lozenges B and C were statistically significantly more effective than the placebo lozenge, but no statistically significant differences could be observed between them.The LPO-system-lozenge (B) reduced statistically significantly more S. mutans than the LPO-system-lozenge with (C) and the placebo lozenge (D). The LPO-system-lozenge (C) reduced statistically significantly more Lactobacilli than Listerine (A), the LPO-system-lozenge (B) and the placebo lozenge (D). There were no statistically significant differences in the total CFUs between Listerine rinse, the LPO-system-lozenge with 0.083% H2O2 (B), the LPO-system-lozenge with 0.04% H2O2 (C), and the placebo lozenge (D). On day 5 there were no differences of the OSCN−-values between all A, B, C, and D. However, the SCN−-values increased over the days in both LPO-system-lozenges (B/C). The statistically significant differences between B/C and A/D on day 5 were as followed: A to B p = 0.0268; A to C p = 0.0035; B to D p = 0.0051; C to D p = 0.0007. Only in the group of Listerine (A) increased the NO3−/NO2−-quotient over the test time, which indicates a reduction of nitrate-reducing bacteria. On Day 5 the statistically significant difference between A and B was p = 0.0123.ConclusionsThe results indicate that lozenges containing a complete LPO-system, inhibiting plaque regrowth and reducing cariogenic bacteria, may be used in the daily oral hygiene.

Comparative Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Efficacy of Turmeric and Chlorhexidine Gel as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in the Treatment of Gingivitis.

Background:Dental plaque is a complex ecosystem which consists of densely packed microbial colonies, microbial by-products, salivary glycoproteins and desquamated epithelial cells. Clinical studies have proved the relationship between plaque and periodontal disease.Aim:This study compares the anti-plaque efficacy and anti-inflammatory potential of turmeric gel with 0.2% chlorhexidine gel along with scaling and root planing (SRP).Materials and Methods:One hundred and fifty individuals were selected and divided into three groups for the study. Group A was instructed to use 0.2% chlorhexidine gel, whereas Group B used turmeric gel along with SRP. Participants were assessed for plaque and gingivitis on the 14th and 21st days. Subjective and objective criteria were assessed. The clinical data were recorded and used for statistical analysis to obtain results.Results:The percentage reduction of plaque index (PI) between the chlorhexidine and turmeric gel on 21st day were 74.85 and 65.91 respectively. similarly, the percentage reduction of gingival index (GI) between the chlorhexidine and turmeric gel on 21st day were 58.49 and 62.46 respectively.Conclusion:Turmeric gel shows a slightly lower anti-plaque property in comparison to chlorhexidine gel. Their effect on a reduction of gingival inflammation was equal. It was also noted that turmeric gel showed better acceptability and biocompatibility by the participants.

Comparative evaluation of anti-plaque efficacy of 10% achyranthes aspera mouthwash and a herbal mouthwash (HIORATM) with 0.2% Chlorhexidine mouthwash - A four day plaque regrowth model

AIM: - To compare the antiplaque efficacy of Achyranthes aspera mouthwash and Hiora mouthwash with a 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash. METHODOLOGY: - After acquiring informed consent, Quigley and Hein modification of the plaque index was taken. Phase 1 Therapy was performed. Subjects were randomly divided into three groups (15 subjects in each group) and the mouthwashes were dispensed.Subjects were instructed to use mouthwash twice a day for four days.The Subjects were asked to refrain from using any mechanical or chemical plaque control other than the dispensed mouthwash for 4 days.Subjects were recalled on the fifth day to assess plaque accumulation. Results:It was observed that the significance between Chlorhexidine group to Hiora and A.Aspera was statistically significant (P&lt;0.05) but P value of comparison between Hiora to A. Aspera Group was not statistically significant. Thus Chlorhexidine had marginally better results. Conclusion: Achyranthes aspera mouthwash and Hiora mouthwash are potent anti-plaque agents and can be used as natural alternatives to 0.2% Chlorhexidine mouthwash. Key Words: Mouthwash, Achyranthes aspera, Chlorhexidine, Herbal, dental plaque index.

Evaluation of healing and anti-plaque efficacy of antioxidant mouthrinse in patients with gingival inflamation – A single blind clinical study

: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of healing as well as anti plaque activity of an antioxidant mouthrinse containing sodium hyaluronate, coenzyme Q10, tea tree oil and aloe vera as active ingredients in a subject population of established clinical gingivitis. A single blind study was conducted among 45 participants, all of whom were in the age group of 18‑60 years. The study subjects were randomly divided into three groups of 15 each. The control group where only oral hygiene instructions were given. Group B1 in which the participants underwent oral prophylaxis at baseline, day 7 and day 14. Group B2 where the participants were given the antioxidant mouthrinse to use thrice daily in addition to undergoing oral prophylaxis at baseline, day 7 and day 14. The clinical parameters assessed were the probing pocket depth, Plaque Index by Sillness and Loe (1964) and Gingival Index by Loe and Sillness (1963). These were assessed at baseline, day 7 and day 14 for all the 3 groups. The results were found to be statistically significant at 14 days interval of plaque and gingival inflammation reduction in the B2 group as compared to the other two groups, however, with regard to reduction of periodontal depth, the result was not found to be significant. This study supports the effectiveness of herbal constituents based antioxidant mouthwash in its role as an antiplaque and healing agent. It should be explored as a cost‑effective, long‑term antiplaque rinse with prophylactic and therapeutic benefits.

Efficacy of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate and 0.1% octenidine dihydrochloride mouth rinses in patients with plaque induced gingivitis: Double blinded randomised case control study.

Aims: The study aims at making a comparative study of two commercially available mouth rinses, 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate and 0.1% octenidine dihydrochloride for assessing their efficacy as an antiplaque agent in patient with plaque induced gingivitis.&#x0D; Methods and Material:&#x0D; In double-blinded experimental study forty-five patients with dental plaque induced gingivitis, divided into 3 groups of 15 patients each, were advised 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and 0.1% octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT) and distilled water as a mouth rinses respectively. Clinical parameters viz, Plaque Index, Modified Gingival Index and Gingival Bleeding Index were assessed (day 0, 5,10 and15). Microbial count was also assessed from the collected plaque samples (at day 0 and on day 15). Antimicrobial susceptibility test was also done.&#x0D; Statistical analysis used: One- way ANOVA with post hoc test using Tukey, Paired- t test, Mann-Whitney U test, The Kruskal-Wallis test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test&#x0D; Results:&#x0D; There was significant difference in mean plaque index between the different groups. There was a significant reduction in plaque index for 0.2% CHX The mean modified gingival index was higher in group belonging to 0.1% OCT compared to 0.2% CHX that was statistically significant (p = 0.005). Similarly, the mean gingival bleeding index was significantly higher in group belonging to 0.1% OCT compared to 0.2% CHX (p = 0.005). On day 15 change in the microbial count was statistically significant for 0.2% CHX (p = 0.026).and 0.1% OCT (p = 0.001).&#x0D; Conclusions:&#x0D; The antimicrobial and antiplaque efficacy (in vivo and in vitro) of 0.1% octenidine dihydrochloride containing mouth rinse was comparatively higher than that containing 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate thereby demonstrating the former's potential usefulness in controlling plaque and gingivitis.

Comparative evaluation of the anti-plaque efficacy of green tea extract mouthrinse and white tea extract mouthrinse with chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse-A clinical and microbiological study

Introduction: Numerous studies have been conducted based on the natural mouthwashes, with fewer side effects, as an alternative to chemical ones. The aim of this study is to compare clinically and microbiologically the anti plaque efficacy of mouthwash containing extract of green tea, white tea extract with chlorhexidinegluconate mouthwash. Materials and Methods: This clinical study was performed in the department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, I.T.S Dental College, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, India. All the patients were educated about the study and then a written informed consent was acquired before enrolment in the study. The study was conducted for a period of 10 days. A total of 30 Dental students were selected as patients of age group of 19-23 years(from 1st to 2nd year) according to assigned inclusion criteria, oral prophylaxis was performed & the subjects were randomly allocated equally to one of the three treatment groups (10 each) Group A – Green Tea Extract , Group B – White Tea Extract , Group C- Chlorhexidinegulconate. The subjects were assessed both preoperatively and postoperatively clinically by recording the plaque and gingival indices and microbiologically by counting the number of colonies forming units/mL (CFU/mL). Results: Green Tea showed statistically significant difference in clinical parameters and in CFUs/ml compared to White Tea. Conclusion: The results of the current study indicated that White Tea and Green Tea mouth rinse were found to be a potent anti-plaque agent although less efficacious than chlorhexidine mouth rinse. Green tea catechin mouthwash was comparably efficacious to chlorhexidinegluconate as an antiplaque agent when used for 10 days. Keywords: Green tea, White tea, Chlorhexidinegluconate mouth rinse, Antiplaque.

A study of anti-plaque efficacy and taste perception of Calendula officinalis mouth rinse

Introduction: An ideal mouth rinse must have an acceptable taste and very efficient antiplaque activity. Herbal mouth rinse (Plandula®), containing extracts of Calendula officinalis and other specified herbs, is widely cultivated as a herb. It is a remarkable healing agent and even useful to act as homeopathic remedies. Previous studies have compared this product with placebo; however, comparison against chlorhexidine have not been conducted thus far. Aim of this research was to analyse the efficacy of Calendula in Plandula® for controlling dental plaque and the acceptability of its taste in comparison with chlorhexidine. Methods: A double-blind, 3-day plaque regrowth, crossover, clinical study was conducted towards 16 volunteers participated in two periods, three days each, with modified oral hygiene practices through an intervening washout period of 4 days. At the commencement of each period, the participants received oral prophylaxis. They used the allocated mouth rinse and brushed teeth without toothpaste in all of the tooth surfaces, except palatal and lingual over three days. On the fourth day, the subjects were returned for plaque index measurement only on the palatal and lingual surfaces by the Quigley Hein index (modified by Turesky). The participants rinsed with 10 ml of allocated mouth rinse three times daily for 30 seconds after tooth brushing. The participants followed the same steps during the second period using the alternate mouth rinse. They were also asked to taste both mouth rinses and evaluate with a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).Results: Median plaque score for Plandula® mouth rinse was slightly higher compared to chlorhexidine but not statistically significant, with the p-value=0.636 (p&gt;0.05). The mean VAS scale score for Plandula® taste perception was lower than the chlorhexidine, and statistically significant (p-value=0.01; p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Plandula® mouth rinse that contain calendula officinalis comparable with chlorhexidine in controlling dental plaque accumulation, with an acceptable taste.