Anti-lipid Peroxidation Effects Research Articles

Therapeutic effects and mechanism of saikosaponin-d in mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis

To study the therapeutic effects and mechanism of saikosaponin-d (SSd) in mice with bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. According to the random number table, 180 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups. Four groups were pulmonary fibrosis models. Fibrosis model mice were established by intratracheal injection of bleomycin (5 mgxkg(-1)). They were BLM, DXM, SSd and SSd + DXM groups (n = 40 each). At 1 hour post-modeling, DXM, SSd and SSd + DXM groups were injected ip with dexamethasone (DXM, 5 mgxkg(-1)xd(-1), 0.1 ml), SSd (1.8 mgxkg(-1)xd(-1), 0.18 ml), DXM + SSd (0.28 ml) respectively qd until Day 28. BLM group was similarly dosed with normal saline. In addition, a normal control group (NC group, n = 20) treated likewise. The mice were anesthetized and sacrificed at Days 3, 7, 14, 28 for harvests of serum and lung tissue samples. The conventional histopathological changes of lung tissue were observed. Except for NC group, modeling groups of mice were used to observe the natural survival rate. Such indices as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were examined both in lung tissue and serum samples. And hydroxyproline (HYP) was tested only in lung tissue. SSd could markedly increase the survival rate (80.0% in SSd and SSd + DXM groups vs 50.0% in BLM group, P < 0.05) and reduce alveolitis and fibrosis in mice. In comparison with BLM group, the levels of HYP of three treatment groups (DXM, SSd and SSd + DXM) in lung tissue was significantly lower (P < 0.05) at Days 14 and 28. The levels of MDA both in serum and lung tissue were significantly lower at Days 3, 7 and 14 (P < 0.05). The serum level of SOD was significantly higher at Days 3, 7 and 14 while the level of SOD in lung tissue was significantly higher at Days 3 and 7 (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). SSd has marked therapeutic effects upon bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. And the mechanism may be associated with its anti-lipid peroxidation effect.

In vivo and in vitro antioxidant activity of lipid based extract of Bacopa monniera Linn. compared to conventional extract and traditional preparation

Aim of the studyTo investigate the antioxidant potential of solvent-free lipid extract of Bacopa monniera Linn. (LEBM) compared to that of a conventional extract, and a traditional preparation. Materials and methodsLEBM was obtained by extracting B. monniera (BM) with Gelucire 50/13 (polyethylene glycol glycerides), a hydrophilic lipid. The effect of standardized LEBM, a methanolic extract of BM (MEBM), and Ayurvedic Ghrita of BM (AGBM) was comparatively assessed on rat brain superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GpX) activities following the oral administration of extracts, at the dose of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg for 14 days. In addition, the extracts were tested for in vitro 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, total reducing power, flavonoid content, polyphenolic contents, and anti-lipid peroxidation effects. The results were compared to those of standard antioxidants such as BHA, and l-ascorbic acid. ResultsLEBM exhibited a significant increase (p<0.001) in the antioxidant enzyme activity compared to MEBM and AGBM, and the effect was dose-dependent. All the tested samples showed marked in vitro antioxidant activity, of which LEBM showed prominent activity. LEBM showed significant (p<0.01) (DPPH) free radical scavenging (63.87%), hydrogen peroxide scavenging (58.03%), and lipid peroxidation (63.3389%) at the concentration of 1000μg/ml. ConclusionsLEBM, even with lesser concentration of bacoside A, exhibited better antioxidant potential than MEBM, and was free of the shortcomings of conventional extracts; hence, it will be an alternative of greater importance in the future.

Antidiabetic effect of Ficus religiosa extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

In Indian traditional system of medicine, Ficus religiosa (Family Moraceae) is prescribed for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. In the present study, the antidiabetic effect of aqueous extract of Ficus religiosa bark (FRAE) was investigated in normal, glucose-loaded hyperglycemic and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of FRAE at the doses of 25, 50 and 100mg/kg was studied in normal, glucose-loaded and STZ-diabetic rats. The three doses caused significant reduction in blood glucose levels in all the models. The effect was more pronounced in 50 and 100mg/kg than 25mg/kg. FRAE also showed significant increase in serum insulin, body weight and glycogen content in liver and skeletal muscle of STZ-induced diabetic rats while there was significant reduction in the levels of serum triglyceride and total cholesterol. FRAE also showed significant antilipidperoxidative effect in the pancreas of STZ-induced diabetic rats. The antidiabetic effect of Ficus religiosa was compared with glibenclamide, a well-known hypoglycemic drug. The results indicate that aqueous extract of Ficus religiosa bark possesses significant antidiabetic activity.

NEUROPROTECTIVE EFEFCTS OF ESTRADIOL ON ANTIOXIDANT STATUS, CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS AND GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER IN AGING FEMALE RAT BRAIN

Event Abstract Back to Event NEUROPROTECTIVE EFEFCTS OF ESTRADIOL ON ANTIOXIDANT STATUS, CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS AND GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER IN AGING FEMALE RAT BRAIN Pardeep Kumar1*, R K. Kale1, S M. Cowsik1 and N. Baquer1 1 Jawaharlal Nehru University,, School of Life Sciences, India During normal aging, brain experiences structural, molecular, and functional alterations. Aging in females and males is considered as the end of natural protection against age related diseases like osteoporosis, coronary heart disease, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Protection from age-related disorders is provided by several factors, including estrogens. These changes increase during menopausal condition in females when the level of estradiol is decreased. The objective of this study was to observe the changes in activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), Ca2+ATPase, intracellular calcium levels, DNA degradation and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) occurring in brains of female albino Wistar rats of 3 months (young), 12 months (adult) and 24 months (old) age groups, and to see whether these changes are restored to normal levels after exogenous administration of estradiol (0.1 µg/gm body weight for one month). The results obtained in the present work revealed that normal aging was associated with significant decrease in the activities of SOD, GST, Ca2+ATPase and GLUT4 levels in the brains of aging female rats, and an increase in DNA degradation and intracellular calcium levels. Administration of estradiol brought these changes to near normalcy. It can therefore be concluded that estradiol’s beneficial effects seemed to arise from its antioxidant and antilipidperoxidative effects, implying an overall neuroprotective and anti-aging action. The results of this study will be useful for pharmacological modification of the aging process and applying new strategies for control of age related disorders. Conference: Neuroinformatics 2010 , Kobe, Japan, 30 Aug - 1 Sep, 2010. Presentation Type: Oral Presentation Topic: Clinical neuroscience Citation: Kumar P, Kale RK, Cowsik SM and Baquer N (2010). NEUROPROTECTIVE EFEFCTS OF ESTRADIOL ON ANTIOXIDANT STATUS, CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS AND GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER IN AGING FEMALE RAT BRAIN. Front. Neurosci. Conference Abstract: Neuroinformatics 2010 . doi: 10.3389/conf.fnins.2010.13.00102 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 14 Jun 2010; Published Online: 14 Jun 2010. * Correspondence: Pardeep Kumar, Jawaharlal Nehru University,, School of Life Sciences, New Delhi, India, epardeep@gmail.com Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Pardeep Kumar R K Kale S M Cowsik N. Baquer Google Pardeep Kumar R K Kale S M Cowsik N. Baquer Google Scholar Pardeep Kumar R K Kale S M Cowsik N. Baquer PubMed Pardeep Kumar R K Kale S M Cowsik N. Baquer Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Anti-lipid peroxidation effects of taurine ganbo in rats with alcoholic liver disease

Anti-lipid peroxidation effects of taurine ganbo in rats with alcoholic liver disease

Effects Of Fresh Allium Sativa Extract On Lipid Peroxidation, Glutathione Depletion, And Oxidative Stress Induced By Acetaminophen In Mice

Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation reactions are some of the mechanisms through which many diseases produce their effects. Allium sativa (garlic) is widely used as spice or eaten raw in many cultures, and has it been reported to exert several health benefits. This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-lipid peroxidative effects of fresh extract of Ugandan cultivars of garlic in acetaminophen induced toxicity in mice. The local Ugandan varieties of the garlic were obtained from a local market in Ishaka Town in Western Uganda, ground to paste and extracted at room temperature with 80 % ethyl alcohol. Graded doses of the extract were administered intraperitonially (i.p.) to Swiss mice for 5 days before a single i.p. dose of 250 mg/kg acetaminophen. Levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in liver homogenates were determined and compared to controls. Results showed that fresh extract of the local garlic prevented lipid peroxidation, preserved liver GSH stores, and up regulated SOD and CAT activities in the liver in a dose dependent manner. These results suggest that regular consumption of local Ugandan garlic could protect the body from oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation reactions induced by several diseases.

Phytochemical characteristics and hypoglycaemic activity of fraction from mushroom Inonotus obliquus

Inonotus obliquus is a medicinal mushroom that has been used as an effective agent to treat various diseases such as diabetes, tuberculosis and cancer. In order to elucidate the active fraction and its constituents, the effects of ethyl acetate fraction from I. obliquus (EAFI) on hyperglycaemia were investigated and the main constituents of EAFI were isolated and identified. EAFI treatment led to a significant decrease in blood glucose level (P < 0.05) in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. It significantly decreased the total cholesterol level in serum, increased glutathione peroxidase activity and improved the growth physiological characteristics. In addition, EAFI treatment decreased the levels of triglyceride and malondialdehyde and increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in serum and the hepatic glycogen level in liver of diabetic mice. Five compounds were isolated from EAFI and identified as lanosterol (1), 3beta-hydroxy-lanosta-8,24-diene-21-al (2), inotodiol (3), ergosterol peroxide (4) and trametenolic acid (5) by spectral methods. Inotodiol and trametenolic acid were found to have an inhibitory effect on alpha-amylase activity and a scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. EAFI showed significant antihyperglycaemic and antilipidperoxidative effects in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Terpenoid and sterol compounds appeared to be the major active constituents of I. obliquus.

Inhibitory effect of Sorbus commixta extract on lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory events in macrophages

Sorbus commixta has been known as enthopharmacologically valuable plant in Korea, China and Japan. This plant has been reported to display numerous pharmacological activities such as anti-oxidative, anti-ice nucleation, anti-vascular inflammation, anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-atherogenic, and vasorelaxant effects. Although numerous pharmacological potentials have been demonstrated, immunomodulatory effect of this plant has not been fully elucidated yet. To evaluate its anti-inflammatory activity, macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were employed and the production of inflammatory mediators was explored in terms of understanding its molecular inhibitory mechanism. 70% ethanol extract (Sc-EE) from S. commixta strongly suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PG) E2 but not tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-αi€®. The extract also clearly diminished the mRNA levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2, implying that the inhibition occurs at the transcriptional level. Indeed, Western blot analysis and luciferase activity assay revealed that Sc-EE remarkably suppressed AP-1 translocation and its activity, respectively. In agreement, this extract strongly suppressed the phosphorylation of JNK, a prime enzyme responsible for AP-1 translocation. Therefore, our results suggest that Sc-EE can be applied as an anti-inflammatory herbal medicine. To prove this possibility,in vivo efficacy test will be further continued in the following project. Key words: Sorbus commixta, macrophages, inflammatory mediators, AP-1 translocation, JNK activation.

Combined effects of quercetin and α-tocopherol on lipids and glycoprotein components in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarcted Wistar rats

This study was aimed to evaluate the combined effects of quercetin and α-tocopherol on lipid metabolism and glycoprotein components in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats. Myocardial infarction in rats was induced by isoproterenol (100 mg/kg) at an interval of 24 h for 2 days. Quercetin (10 mg/kg) and α-tocopherol (10 mg/kg) were given to rats as pretreatment for 14 days orally using an intragastric tube. Quercetin and α-tocopherol significantly reduced the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids in the serum and heart and serum phospholipids and significantly increased the levels of heart phospholipids in isoproterenol induced rats. They also significantly decreased the activity of plasma and liver 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A reductase and increased the activity of plasma and liver lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase in isoproterenol treated rats. In addition to this, they also significantly reduced the levels of hexose, hexosamine, fucose and sialic acid in the serum and heart of isoproterenol treated rats. Quercetin and α-tocopherol also showed significant decrease in plasma lipid peroxidation products (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxides). Pretreatment with quercetin alone and α-tocopherol alone showed significant effect in all the biochemical parameters in myocardial infarcted rats. But, combined pretreatment with quercetin and α-tocopherol normalized all the above mentioned biochemical parameters in isoproterenol treated myocardial infarction in rats. Thus, the experiment clearly showed that quercetin and α-tocopherol prevented the accumulation of lipids and glycoprotein components in myocardial infarcted rats by their anti-lipid peroxidative effect. This study also showed that combined pretreatment was better than single pretreatment.

Preventive efficacy of hydroalcoholic extract of Cymbopogon citratus against radiation-induced DNA damage on V79 cells and free radical scavenging ability against radicals generated in vitro

This study presents the findings of free radical scavenging and antigenotoxic effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Cymbopogon citratus (CCE). The CCE at a concentration of 60 microg/mL resulted in a significant scavenging ability of 2,2-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH; (85%), 2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS; 77%), hydroxyl (70%), superoxide (76%), nitric oxide (78%) free radicals generated using in vitro and also a moderate anti-lipid peroxidative effect (57%). Further, the radiation-induced antigenotoxic potential of CCE was assessed in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells (V79) using micronucleus assay. The CCE resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the yield of radiation-induced micronuclei, with a maximum effect at 125 microg/mL CCE for 1 h before 2 Gy of radiation. Similarly, there was a significant (P < 0.05-0.0001) decrease in percentage of micronuclei when V79 cells were treated with optimal dose of CCE (125 microg/mL) before exposure to different doses of gamma radiation, that is, 0.5-4 Gy, compared with radiation alone groups. The results of the micronucleus study indicated antigenotoxic effect demonstrating the radioprotective potential of CCE and, which may partly due to its and antioxidant capacity as it presented its ability to scavenge various free radicals in vitro and anti-lipid peroxidative potential.

캄보디안 상황버섯 추출물의 주름개선 효과 연구

사람의 피부는 자외선, 오염된 공기, 화학 제품 등 환경에 끊임없이 노출된다. 이들로 인한 자유라디칼과 활성 산소는 피부세포에 큰 손상을 끼치게 된다. 캄보디안 상황버섯 열수, 에탄올 추출물의 기능성 화장품 소재로 활용하기 위하여 지방 산패 억제능 측정과 주름개선 효과 측정을 하였다. 캄보디안 상황버섯 열수, 에탄올 추출물에 금속이온을 첨가하여 지방산패 억제능을 측정한 결과 캄보디안 상황버섯 열수 추출물 보다 에탄올 추출물이 <TEX>$Fe^{2+}$</TEX>와 <TEX>$Cu^{2+}$</TEX>chelating 능력이 우수하였다. 캄보디안 상황버섯 에탄올 추출물의 경우 0.1 mg/ml, 0.5 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml의 농도에서 대조군인 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)보다 높은 지방산패 억제를 나타내었다. 캄보디안 상황버섯 열수, 에탄올 추출물은 산화 촉매제인 <TEX>$Fe^2$</TEX>를 함유한 지방 산패 억제능이 <TEX>$Cu^{2+}$</TEX>를 이용한 지방산패 억제능 보다 우수하였다. 주름개선 효과 측정으로 elastase 저해활성을 측정한 결과 캄보디안 상황버섯 에탄올 추출물은 0.01 mg/ml의 농도에서 50.7%의 저해활성을 나타내어, 대조군인 urosolic acid보다 높은 elastase 저해활성을 타나내었다. 또한 에탄올 추출물의 경우 0.1 mg/ml의 농도에서 약 50%의 저해활성을 나타내어 캄보디안 상황버섯 열수 추출물 보다 에탄올 추출물이 collagenase에 대해 높은 저해활성을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과에서 캄보디안 상황버섯의 에탄올 추출물은 지방산패 억제능이 우수할 뿐만 아니라 주름 개선 효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었고, 주름 개선 화장품 소재로서의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. The skin of human is constantly being exposed to environmental irritants such as ultraviolet, smoke and chemicals. These irritants cause free radicals and reactive oxygen species which leave serious damages on the cells of skin. The water and ethanol extracts of Cambodian Phellinus linteus were investigated for the activities of anti-lipid peroxidation and anti-wrinkle effects to apply as a functional ingredient for cosmetic products. As the result of evaluation of liquid oxidation rate by add <TEX>$Fe^{2+}$</TEX> and <TEX>$Cu^{2+}$</TEX> to Cambodian Phellinus linteus extracts, Cambodian Phellinus linteus ethanol extracts were higher than Cambodian Phellinus linteus water extracts in the chealting ability of <TEX>$Fe^{2+}$</TEX> and <TEX>$Cu^{2+}$</TEX>. The Cambodian Phellinus linteus ethanol extracts exhibited that anti-lipid peroxidation higher than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at the concentration of 0.1 mg/ml, 0.5 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml. Cambodian Phellinus linteus water and ethanol extracts showed a higher inhibitory effect on <TEX>$Fe^{2+}$</TEX>-induced lipid peroxidation compared to <TEX>$Cu^{2+}$</TEX>-induced lipid peroxidation. In the case of anti-wrinkle effect, the elastase inhibition activity of Cambodian Phellinus linteus ethanol extracts was 50.7%, and it is higher than urosolic acid at the concentration of 0.01 mg/ml. Also, in collagenase inhibition activity, Cambodian Phellinus linteus water extract showed low effect, but Cambodian Phellinus linteus ethanol extract was about 50% at a 0.1 mg/ml. concentration. These results proved that Cambodian Phellinus linteus had anti-lipid peroxidation and anti-wrinkle effect. Therefore, Cambodian Phellinus linteus could be useful as an anti-wrinkle cosmetic ingredient.

Ferulic Acid Inhibits 7,12-Dimethylbenz[α]anthracene-Induced Hamster Buccal Pouch Carcinogenesis

The aim of this study was to assess the chemopreventive efficacy of ferulic acid in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. We induced oral squamous cell carcinoma in the buccal pouch of male Syrian golden hamsters by painting with 0.5% DMBA in liquid paraffin three times a week for 14 weeks. The tumor incidence, tumor volume, and tumor burden that were formed in the hamster buccal pouch were determined. The activities of carcinogen detoxification agents and status of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants were also estimated by specific colorimetric methods. We observed 100% tumor formation in DMBA-painted animals. The status of carcinogen-detoxifying agents, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidants was significantly disrupted in DMBA-painted animals. Oral administration of ferulic acid at a dose of 40 mg/kg of body weight to DMBA-painted animals on days alternate to DMBA painting for 14 weeks significantly prevented the tumor incidence, tumor volume, and tumor burden. Ferulic acid exhibited potent anti-lipid peroxidative effects as well as the ability to modulate the status of carcinogen-detoxifying agents and antioxidants in DMBA-painted animals. Our results demonstrate that ferulic acid has potent chemopreventive and antioxidant functions in DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.

Antihyperglycemic and antilipidperoxidative effects of dry matter of culture broth of Inonotus obliquus in submerged culture on normal and alloxan-diabetes mice

Aim of the study The antihyperglycemic and antilipidperoxidative effects of the dry matter of culture broth (DMCB) of Inonotus obliquus were investigated. Materials and methods The normal, glucose-induced hyperglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic mice were used to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and antilipidperoxidative effects of the DMCB of Inonotus obliquus. Results Treatment with the DMCB (500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight) exhibited a mild hypoglycemic effect in normal mice, and failed to reduce the peak glucose levels after glucose administration. However, euglycemia was achieved in the DMCB of Inonotus obliquus (1000 mg/kg) and glibenclamide-treated mice after 120 min of glucose loading. In alloxan-induced diabetic mice, the DMCB (500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight for 21 days) showed a significant decrease in blood glucose level, the percentages reduction on the 7th day were 11.90 and 15.79%, respectively. However, feeding of this drug for 3 weeks produced reduction was 30.07 and 31.30%. Furthermore, the DMCB treatment significantly decreased serum contents of free fatty acid (FFA), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), whereas effectively increased high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), insulin level and hepatic glycogen contents in liver on diabetic mice. Besides, the DMCB treatment significantly increased catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities except for decreasing maleic dialdehyde (MDA) level in diabetic mice. Histological morphology examination showed that the DMCB restored the damage of pancreas tissues in mice with diabetes mellitus. Conclusions The results showed that the DMCB of Inonotus obliquus possesses significant antihyperglycemic, antilipidperoxidative and antioxidant effects in alloxan-induced diabetic mice.

The Effect of Petasites japonicus Extract on Hepatotoxicity in Rats

Petasites japonicus (Compositae) is a perennial herb which has been used as treatment of antitussive, expectorant, sedatives, paralysis, diurectics in folk remedies. The pharmacological studies of this natural drug have not yet estabilished. So, we examined anti-lipid peroxidative effects and liver protective effect on CCl₄ induced lipid peroxidation and hepatotoxicity in rats. In vivo liver lipid, MeOH Ex. revealed significant increase of anti-lipid peroxidative effects according to concentration dependently. In chemical parameters obtained from serum analysis, MeOH Ex. as a increase of medicine concentration (0.25 g/㎏, 0.5 g/㎏, 1.0 g/㎏), GOT, GPT, AlP decreased. In 0.5 g/㎏ GPT administered group, there was relative in GOT, AlP. Cholesterol decreased in 1.0 g/㎏ and 1.0 g/㎏ administered group, BUN decreased relatively in 1.0 g/㎏ administered group.

Chemopreventive and Antilipidperoxidative Potential of Clerodendron inerme (L) Gaertn in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene Indcued Skin Carcinogenesis in Swiss Albino Mic

The present study has investigated the chemopreventive and antilipidperoxidative effects of the ethanolic extract of Clerodendron inerme leaves (CiELet) in DMBA induced skin carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice. The skin squamous cell carcinoma was induced in the shaved back of mice, by painting with DMBA (25 microg 0.1 mL(-1) acetone) twice weekly for 8 weeks. We have observed 100% tumor formation in the fifteenth week of experimental period. Elevated lipid peroxidation and decline in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants status was observed in tumor bearing mice. Oral administration of CiELet (300 mg kg(-1) bw) for 25 weeks significantly prevented the tumor incidence, volume and burden of the tumor. The CiELet also showed potent antilipidperoxidative effect as well as enhanced the antioxidant defense mechanisms in DMBA painted mice. The present study thus demonstrated the chemopreventive and antilipidperoxidative efficacy of CiELet in DMBA induced mouse skin carcinogenesis.

Antihyperglycemic and Antilipidperoxidative Effects of Ficus racemosa (Linn.) Bark Extracts in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Antihyperglycemic and Antilipidperoxidative Effects of Ficus racemosa (Linn.) Bark Extracts in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Antihyperglycemic and antilipidperoxidative effects ofTephrosia purpurea seed extract in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and antilipidperoxidative effects of ethanolic seed extract ofTephrosia purpurea (TpEt) in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Hyperglycemia associated with an altered hexokinase and glucose 6 phosphatase activities, elevated lipid peroxidation, disturbed enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants status were observed in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of "TpEt" at a dose of 300mg/kg bw showed significant antihyperglcemic and antilipidperoxidative effects as well as increased the activities of enzymatic antioxidants and levels of non enzymatic antioxidants. We also noticed that the antihyperglycemic effect of plant drug (TpEt) was comparable to that of the reference drug glibenclamide. Our results clearly indicate that "TpEt" has potent antihyperglycemic and antilipidperoxidative effects in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and therefore further studies are warranted to isolate and characterize the bioactive antidiabetic principles from "TpEt".

Anti-Hyperglycemic and Anti-Lipidperoxidative Effects of Tephrosia purpurea leaf Extract in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

Objective: The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-lipidperoxidative effects of Tephrosia purpurea leaves (TpALet) in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods : The aqueous extract of Tephrosia purpurea leaves was evaluated for its anti-hyperglycemic and antilipidperoxidative effects in streptozotocin (50mg/kg bw) induced diabetic rats. The anti-hyperglycemic effect of the leaf extract was also compared with the standard anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide (600μg/kg bw). Glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, total hemoglobin, lipid peroxidation by products (TBARS), enzymatic and non-enzymatic anti-oxidants in blood sample and hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities in liver were estimated calorimetrically in control and experimental animals. Results: TpALet considerably reduced the levels of blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and enhanced the status of total hemoglobin, anti-oxidants and hepatic hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities. TpALet also showed a comparable effect to that of glibenclamide. Conclusion: Our results indicate that T. purpurea leaves have potent anti-hyperglycemic and anti-lipidperoxidative effects, which are probably due to its anti-oxidants effect.

Antioxidative Effects of 6-Methoxysorigenin and Its Derivatives from Rhamnus nakaharai

In the search for potential antioxidants, the naphthalenic compounds, 6-methoxysorigenin (2) and its glycosides [i.e. 6-methoxysorigenin-8-O-glucoside (3), alpha-sorinin (4), and 6-methoxysorigenin-8-rutinoside (5)] isolated from Rhamnus nakaharai together with two acylates (peracetate and perpropionate) of 2 were evaluated for antioxidant activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), metal chelating, and electron spin resonance (ESR) assays as well as anti-lipid peroxidation assay. The results showed that 2 possesses the most potent DPPH radical scavenging, metal chelating, and anti-lipid peroxidation activities with IC50 values of 3.48, 615.90, and 5.95 microg/ml, respectively. The glycosides 3, 4, and 5 showed decreasing antioxidant activity that was related to an increased substitution at 1,8-dihydroxyl with sugar molecules. This suggests the importance of 1,8-dihydroxyl of 2 in the antioxidative effect. The iron chelation result could further explain the main cause of increasing antioxidant activity in 2. The acylates of 2 (2a peracetate and 2b perpropionate), although lacking a free hydroxyl, also exhibited significant anti-lipid peroxidation effect. ESR results further demonstrated that 2 possesses strong antioxidant activities. Taken together, this study shows that 2 is a potent antioxidant and may also be used for designing new iron chelators for clinical applications.

Hypoglycemic and Antilipidperoxidative Effects of a Polyherbal Formulation, Diakyur, in Experimental Animal Models

The present study investigates the effect of Diakyur, a polyherbal formulation composed of powder of Cassia javanica and dried, standardised aqueous extracts of Cassia auriculata, Salacia reticulata, Gymnema sylvestre, Mucuna pruriens, Syzygium jambolanum, Terminalia arjuna on blood glucose level of normal and diabetic animals as well as lipid peroxide level in normal and 28 day drug treated diabetic rats. The raw materials and the formulation were standardised by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method of analysis. The hypoglycemic activity and glucose tolerance test were studied in normal and alloxan (150 mg/kg, i.p) induced diabetic rats and rabbits after administration of Diakyur at the dose of 1600 mg/kg, p.o. Blood glucose level was determined by O-toluidine method. Lipid peroxide levels of plasma, erythrocyte membrane, liver and kidney tissues were studied in alloxan induced diabetic rats after 28 days drug treatment. At the dose of 1600 mg/kg, p.o Diakyur showed a hypoglycemic effect at varying degree of significance (p < 0.05‐ 0.001) in normal as well as alloxan induced diabetic rats and rabbits in comparison with respective control groups. Diakyur treatment in the glucose tolerance test showed the maximum effect at 180th min of glucose administration in both normal and alloxan diabetic animals. The drug treated alloxan diabetic rats showed significant (p < 0.001) reduction in plasma, erythrocyte membrane, liver and kidney lipid per