Anthropometric Techniques Research Articles

Estimation of stature by morphometry of percutaneous tibia

Introduction: Stature estimation is an indispensable part of the identification process of human skeletal remains or body parts. Height is also fundamental to assess growth and nutrition and calculating body surface area. Studies on anthropometric measurements of lower limbs among living people have been used as an important tool by forensic anthropologists to reconstruct the living stature of unidentified skeletal remains. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to estimate the stature from percutaneous tibial length (PCTL) by formulating linear regression equations and also by using multiplication factors, which would be useful in the field of forensic anthropology. Materials and Methods: Sample size measured 350 subjects of Sri Siddhartha Medical College, Tumkur, age group ranging from 17 to 22yrs were considered for the study. Height and PCTL were measured using the standard anthropometric technique. Results: Stature was estimated from PCTL using simple regression analysis. The height of males was significantly higher than that of females. The mean height in females and males was 158.87cm and 170.88 cm respectively; and mean PCTL was 38.54cm and 33.99cm in male and female respectively which was significantly (p Conclusion: Stature can be estimated using the anthropometric measurements of tibia in an intact mutilated leg. Keywords: Height, Tibial length, Anthropometry, Regression equation.

Sacral morphometrics for sex estimation of dead cases in Central Thailand.

Sex estimation by various forensic anthropology approaches is a crucial factor for identification of human skeletal remains. However, inexpensive, uncomplicated and reliable methods are still required, especially in a remote crime scene and a high crime incidence area. Here, we examined 13 sacral parameters from 78 independent skeletons derived from deceases found in Central Thailand (male, n=46; female, n=32) using simple standard anthropometric techniques for sex allocation. Discriminant analysis exhibited that anterior-posterior diameter of S1 vertebra corpus (APS) is the most accurate sacral parameter for sex determination in our study with 82.1% of correct discrimination rate. The accuracy could be improved up to 97.4% when additional three sacral variables including the length of sacrum measured from the medial anterior-superior sacral promontory to the medial anterior-inferior S5 vertebra (ASL), alar index (ALI), and the maximum anterior breadth of sacrum measured across sacral alar (ABS) were computed together with APS. These encourage the use of sacral morphometrics for sex assessment of human sacrum remains in Central Thailand. However, further investigation with broadening sacral morphometric data across the country might provide a promising sex determination equation from a sacral skeleton for Thai population.

Estimation of stature from lower limb anthropometry: new formulae derived from contemporary Arabian males

ABSTRACT There is an international paucity of studies assessing the utilization of anthropometric techniques for lower limbs apart from the feet in order to formulate mathematical legally admissible models to estimate stature. Additionally, Arabs in the Arabian Peninsula or Southwest Asian countries lack such studies. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between lower limb anthropometric parameters and stature in Saudi Arabian men and develop regression equations to estimate stature from these parameters. Furthermore, it aimed to explore the utility of new breadth parameters which have not been explored to date in living subjects. The stature and six lower limb dimensions of 100 right- handed Saudi men (aged 18–24 years) were measured bilaterally. The results showed the presence of asymmetry only in tibial lengths. There was a significant positive correlation between the parameters used and stature (p < 0.01), and it was the highest for the tibial length. Predictive accuracy of the developed models ranged from ±2.90 to 5.94 cm. Adding breadth measurements may improve the accuracy of the equations. This study establishes a lower-limb based forensic standard to estimate stature in commingled bodies of Saudi men.

Radiographic Methods Are as Accurate as Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Graft Sizing Before Lateral Meniscal Transplantation

Background: Accurate allograft matching is deemed critical for meniscal transplantation; thus, precise measurements are essential to correctly calculate meniscal size. Several methods for meniscal sizing have been described, but there remains a discussion on which is the most accurate for the lateral meniscus. Purpose: To compare the accuracy of radiographic, anthropometric, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods of determining width and length of the lateral meniscus with actual dimensions after anatomic dissection. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Ten fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees without any evidence of meniscal or ligamentous injury were primarily imaged using radiography and MRI and subsequently underwent dissection to assess the anatomic size of each meniscus. Four methods were used to predict the size of the lateral menisci: anthropometric, radiographic (Pollard and Yoon), and MRI. Absolute differences in length and width between actual and predicted sizes were determined. Results: The anatomic lateral meniscal width and length were 33.01 ± 4.25 mm (mean ± SD; range, 24.84-40.18 mm) and 31.41 ± 5.06 mm (range, 25.2-40.05 mm), respectively. Regarding width, the anthropometric method demonstrated an absolute difference from anatomic measurement significantly greater when compared with the Pollard technique and MRI (P = .002). Regarding length, the Pollard method presented an absolute difference significantly greater than all other techniques (P = .003). In terms of the ability to measure width and length, MRI accurately predicted meniscal size within 10% of the anatomic size in 65% of measurements, the Yoon method in 54%, and the Pollard method in 20% (P = .01). Radiographs tended to overestimate the true size of the lateral meniscus, while the anthropometric technique overestimated width in all specimens. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that MRI and the Yoon radiographic method are comparable in terms of accuracy for graft sizing before lateral meniscal transplantation. While MRI is useful, a contralateral MRI is required, which makes the Yoon radiographic method recommended given the ease and cost advantage. The original Pollard technique and the anthropometric method are not recommended. Clinical Relevance: Over- and undersizing of meniscal transplants has been implicated in graft failure. Therefore, increasing the reliability of preoperative meniscal measurements is deemed important for the success of meniscal allograft transplantation.

CORRELATION OF HANDGRIP STRENGTH WITH ARM ANTHROPOMETRIC VARIABLES IN CRICKETERS

OBJECTIVES: To estimate correlation of handgrip strength with arm anthropometric variables of dominant side. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 241 male cricketers from July 2017 to August 2018 in Lahore using convenient sampling. Arm anthropometric variables and handgrip strength of dominant side were measured by standard anthropometric techniques & formulas. Pearson correlation coefficient & linear regression analysis were applied to find out extent of relationship. RESULTS: Mean age of 241 players is 25.19±3.493 years. Out of 241 players, 74 (30%) players were batsmen, 69 (29%) were bowlers, 14 (6%) were wicket keepers and 84 (35%) were all-rounder players. Mean handgrip strength of study participants was 65.783±3.365 kg. Mean values for various anthropometric variables included triceps skinfold thickness (13.807±0.815 mm), subscapular skinfold thickness (16.552±0.763 mm), mid arm circumference (33.398±1.274 cm), arm muscle area (67.381±5.149 cm2), arm muscle girth (29.070±1.116 cm), arm area (88.986±6.643 cm2), arm fat area (21.605±1.836 cm2), and arm fat index (24.281±1.055). Handgrip showed positive correlation with triceps skinfold (r=0.608, p=<0.001), mid-arm circumference (r=0.738, p=<0.001), upper arm muscle area (r=0.694, p=<0.001), upper arm muscle girth (r=0.695, p=<0.001), total arm area (r=0.740, p=<0.001), upper arm fat area (r=0.728, p=<0.001), subscapular skinfold (r=0.215, p=0.001), and arm fat index (r=0.158, p=0.013). CONCLUSION: All the anthropometric variables had a positive significant correlation with handgrip strength. Handgrip strength is standard indicator to achieve target of excellent performance as well as can be made a valuable criterion of selection for cricket & multiple games involving grip.

Cartesian Control of Sit-to-Stand Motion Using Head Position Feedback.

Sit-to-stand (STS) motion is an indicator of an individual's physical independence and well-being. Determination of various variables that contribute to the execution and control of STS motion is an active area of research. In this study, we evaluate the clinical hypothesis that besides numerous other factors, the central nervous system (CNS) controls STS motion by tracking a prelearned head position trajectory. Motivated by the evidence for a task-oriented encoding of motion by the CNS, we adopt a robotic approach for the synthesis of STS motion and propose this scheme as a solution to this hypothesis. We propose an analytical biomechanical human CNS modeling framework where the head position trajectory defines the high-level task control variable. The motion control is divided into low-level task generation and motor execution phases. We model CNS as STS controller and its Estimator subsystem plans joint trajectories to perform the low-level task. The motor execution is done through the Cartesian controller subsystem that generates torque commands to the joints. We do extensive motion and force capture experiments on human subjects to validate our analytical modeling scheme. We first scale our biomechanical model to match the anthropometry of the subjects. We do dynamic motion reconstruction through the control of simulated custom human CNS models to follow the captured head position trajectories in real time. We perform kinematic and kinetic analyses and comparison of experimental and simulated motions. For head position trajectories, root mean square (RMS) errors are 0.0118 m in horizontal and 0.0315 m in vertical directions. Errors in angle estimates are 0.55 rad, 0.93 rad, 0.59 rad, and 0.0442 rad for ankle, knee, hip, and head orientation, respectively. RMS error of ground reaction force (GRF) is 50.26 N, and the correlation between ground reaction torque and the support moment is 0.72. Low errors in our results validate (1) the reliability of motion/force capture methods and anthropometric technique for customization of human models and (2) high-level task control framework and human CNS modeling as a solution to the hypothesis. Accurate modeling and detailed understanding of human motion can have significant scope in the fields of rehabilitation, humanoid robotics, and virtual characters' motion planning based on high-level task control schemes.

Comparing self-assessment, functional, and anthropometric techniques in predicting osteoporosis.

The osteoporosis self-assessment tool, functional assessment, and anthropometric measurement are different techniques to identify those at risk of osteoporosis. This study aimed to compare the performance of these techniques in predicting osteoporosis. In this cross-sectional, hospital-based study including 1109 participants, the bone mineral density of the spine and hips was evaluated using the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool was used as a simple clinical risk assessment tool to screen for osteoporosis. Gait speed and hand grip strength were used as functional assessments to predict osteoporosis. Calf circumference was used as an anthropometric measurement to predict osteoporosis risk. In women, the Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool was better than hand grip strength, gait speed, and calf circumference in predicting osteoporosis. In contrast, in men, hand grip strength was better than the Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool, gait speed, and calf circumference. The application of simple, cost-effective techniques for the identification of osteoporosis risk will be beneficial for both screening and patient care when dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is not available. We suggest that the Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool can be used to identify the risk of osteoporosis in women and hand grip strength measurement can be used for men.

Determination of Stature From Index and Ring Finger Lengths in South Indian Population

Introduction: Personal identification is an important role of forensic experts during mass disasters like earth quakes, tsunamis, and plane crash etc. Stature determination is an important factor in establishing identity in forensic practice. Forensic anthropometrists use various anthropometric techniques to determine stature from such dismembered body parts. These techniques aim to derive equations from various body measurements that could estimate stature in males and females. Aim: The aim of present study is to correlate index and ring finger lengths and stature in both sexes and to derive linear regression equations to estimate stature. Materials and Method: The study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine &amp; Toxicology, M.S. Ramaiah Medical College Bangalore in the year 2019. The material consisted of 150 young and healthy students (66 males and 84 females) in the age group of 20-21 years after taking informed consent to participate in the study. Subjects of south Indian origin were selected based on their mother tongue. The data obtained were computed and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 25.0) computer software. Results: In the present study, mean stature, index finger length and ring finger length were significantly higher in males than females. Statistically significant correlation was observed between stature, index finger length and ring finger length in right and left hands. Correlation coefficient was higher among males than females. Among males left ring finger length and in females right index finger length showed more correlation with the stature. Conclusion: Sex specific linear regression formulae were derived for estimating stature from index finger length and ring finger length. Study concludes that stature can be estimated from the index finger length and ring finger lengthwith a reasonable accuracy among South Indians.

How shape-based anthropometry can complement traditional anthropometric techniques: a cross-sectional study

Manual anthropometrics are used extensively in medical practice and epidemiological studies to assess an individual's health. However, traditional techniques reduce the complicated shape of human bodies to a series of simple size measurements and derived health indices, such as the body mass index (BMI), the waist-hip-ratio (WHR) and waist-by-height0.5 ratio (WHT.5R). Three-dimensional (3D) imaging systems capture detailed and accurate measures of external human form and have the potential to surpass traditional measures in health applications. The aim of this study was to investigate how shape measurement can complement existing anthropometric techniques in the assessment of human form. Geometric morphometric methods and principal components analysis were used to extract independent, scale-invariant features of torso shape from 3D scans of 43 male participants. Linear regression analyses were conducted to determine whether novel shape measures can complement anthropometric indices when estimating waist skinfold thickness measures. Anthropometric indices currently used in practice explained up to 52.2% of variance in waist skinfold thickness, while a combined regression model using WHT.5R and shape measures explained 76.5% of variation. Measures of body shape provide additional information regarding external human form and can complement traditional measures currently used in anthropometric practice to estimate central adiposity.

Estimating the Height of An Individual from The Length of Ulna in Undergraduate Students of a Nepalese Medical College

Introduction: Estimation of height from bones plays an important role in identifying unknown bodies, parts of bodies, or skeletal remains. Multiple anthropometric techniques have been used to estimate stature from skeletal remains by anthropologists, anatomists, and forensic experts. The ulna is a long bone often used for body height estimation, as it is mostly subcutaneous throughout its length and is easily approachable for measurement. Methods: The present study was carried out on 100 (57 male and 43 female) undergraduate students of a medical college of the age group of 18 to 24 years. The parameters studied were height, length of right, and left ulna. The observations were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation to examine the relationship between the length of ulna and height. Results: The mean height of males was 174.54 ± 13.32 cm and of females was 156.01±11.19 cm. The mean length of the right ulna was 27.36 ± 2.12 cm (males) and 24.35±1.97 cm (females). The mean length of the left ulna was 27.29 ± 2.13 cm (males) and 24.06 ± 2.18 cm (females). Pearson’s correlation showed a positive and statistically significant (p&lt;0.001) relation between the length of the ulna and the height. The regression equation was derived to estimate the height of an individual from the length of the ulna. Conclusion: The ulna bone length is an accurate parameter that can be used in estimating an individual's height. The regression equation derived in this study can be of great help to anatomists, clinicians, anthropologists, and forensic scientists.

Tomografía computarizada a nivel de C3 y dinamometría como técnicas de diagnóstico de sarcopenia en pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello

Introducción: Estudio piloto que determina el diagnóstico de sarcopenia mediante tomografía computarizada (TC) a nivel de la tercera vértebra cervical (C3) y dinamometría en pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello. Comparación de la masa magra (MM) determinada mediante TC con técnicas clásicas de antropometría y dinamometría.Material y métodos: Se analizó la MM y el tejido adiposo mediante TC a nivel de C3 en 37 pacientes oncológicos mediante Unidades Hounsfield (UH). Posteriormente, se calculó el índice musculoesquelético (IME) y se determinó la fuerza prensora de mano para la determinación de sarcopenia. Por último, se comparó el IME mediante técnicas de valoración antropométrica clásica y dinamometría. Resultados: El 59,46% de los pacientes presentaron un IME (cm2/m2) disminuido, el 64,86% dinapenia, el 54,05% sarcopenia, el 32,43% sarcopenia dentro del sobrepeso y obesidad. Por otro lado, la media de la masa grasa intermuscular fue 6,69 (3,8) cm2, y la masa grasa intramuscular 2,06 (1,11) cm2. Además, se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la fuerza tanto en la mano fuerte (estimado = 0,412, IC95% [0,219; 0,605], p-valor &lt;0,001) como en la mano débil (estimado =0,289, IC95% [0,123; 0,454], p-valor &lt;0,001) y el IME cm2/m2. Respecto a la circunferencia muscular braquial), no alcanzamos a mostrar correlación positiva.Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio muestra que en el paciente con cáncer de cabeza y cuello la prevalencia de sarcopenia es elevada. Además, la depleción muscular evaluada mediante TC a nivel de C3 y dinamometría presenta cierta correlación, por lo que, aquellos pacientes con mayor depleción muscular a nivel de C3 presentan menor funcionalidad.

Changes in the Growth and Development of Adolescents in a Country in Socio-Economic Transition 1993-2013.

IntroductionChanges in human growth and development depend on genetic and environmental factors. In the case of Slovenia, the environmental factors changed as a result of the period of socio-economic transition that the country underwent between 1991 and 2013. The authors used anthropometric techniques to evaluate differences in body height, proportions and sexual maturity in 1,221 adolescents aged 14 in 1993, 2003 and 2013.MethodsData was collected as a part of the ACDSi study, which has monitored children’s somatic growth and motor development every decade over the last 40 years.ResultsBetween 1993 and 2013, a trend (p=0.08) towards increased body height was observed in males. The comparison of age at peak height velocity (PHV) between generations demonstrated a trend (p=0.07) of earlier entry into puberty in adolescents in 2013 compared to those in 1993. The leg-to-body height ratio increased (p<0.05) with every decade in males, while in females it decreased (p<0.05) in 2013. Similar trends were observed in the leg-to-trunk ratio. Contemporary generations experienced PHV at a younger age (p<0.05), which is true for both genders even in adolescents born no more than two decades (1993 (2013) apart. In both generations, females experienced PHV sooner than their male peers.ConclusionThe authors assume that females of the 2013 generation reached puberty earlier than females of older generations. It is most likely that, unlike females from older generations and unlike males, they were already at the stage of trunk growth at the time of the measurements, which explains the observed changes in their trunk length, leg-to-body height and leg-to-trunk ratios in comparison to earlier generations.

Adölesanlarda Boy ve Ağırlık Ölçümleri İle Özbildirimlerin Karşılaştırılması

Boy ve ağırlığa ilişkin veriler; yüz yüze görüşme, postayla yoluyla, internet üzerinden yapılan anketle veya telefonla sorgulama gibi farklı biçimlerde elde edilebilmektedir. Ancak bahsi geçen bu değişkenler bireylerin beden algılarından büyük oranda etkilenebilmektedir. Ülkemizde adölesanlar üzerinde özbildirime dayalı boy ve ağırlık ölçülerinin doğruluğunu ve geçerliliğini konu alan çalışma sayısı oldukça sınırlıdır. Araştırmanın amacı, adölesanlarda özbildirime dayalı boy ve ağırlık ölçülerinin güvenirliliğinin tespitidir. Araştırma, Ankara'da farklı sosyo-demografik yapıya sahip liselerde öğrenim gören 14-17 yaş arası 356 öğrenci (133 erkek ve 233 kız) üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Boy ve ağırlık değerleri her bir bireye anket yoluyla sorularak özbildirimleri kaydedilmiş, ardından fiziki olarak antropometrik tekniklerle ölçülmüş ve aradaki farklılık istatistikî olarak analiz edilmiştir. Ortalama boy uzunluğunun erkeklerde 0,22 cm ve kızlarda 0,91 cm fazla, vücut ağırlığının ise erkeklerde 0,20 kg fazla ve kızlarda 0,80 kg düşük olarak bildirildiği saptanmıştır. Kızlar erkeklere nazaran ağırlıklarını daha düşük ve boy uzunluklarını daha yüksek bildirme eğilimindedirler. Araştırma örnekleminde yer alan bir grup lise öğrencisi çalışma tarihinden birkaç hafta önce beden eğitimi ve spor dersi kapsamında fiziki testlere tabi tutulmuşlardır, bu durum söz konusu öğrencilerin özbildirim verilerinin yüksek oranda doğruluk oranı ile sonuçlanmıştır. Ders müfredatı kapsamında düzenli fiziki ölçümlerin yapılması adölesanlarda vücut boyutlarına dair farkındalık yaratmaktadır. Adölesan dönemde vücut boyutları büyük değişim göstermektedir, bu açıdan beden eğitimi ve spor dersleri hem beden algısında rol oynamakta hem de vücut ağırlığı ile boy uzunluğunun doğru olarak bilinmesinde önem taşımaktadır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, ülkemizde özbildirim yönteminden kaçınılması ya da gerekli düzeltme tekniklerinin mutlaka uygulanması gerektiği kanısındayız.

Assessment of Obesity by Using Various Anthropometric Measurements among Patients with Coronary Heart Disease Residing in North India.

BackgroundObesity is one of the main risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD). Although a range of anthropometric measures are available to evaluate obesity, which measure is the most precise to predict the risk of CHD is still controversial. Therefore, we assess the prevalence of obesity among patients with CHD by using various anthropometric techniques to find out the most efficient method to predict the risk of CHD. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we included 300 CHD patients and 100 age and sex-matched healthy controls, aged 45-70 years. Various anthropometric measurements (waist and hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, body mass index, and body fat percentage) were taken to assess the prevalence of obesity among the selected population.ResultsAverage waist circumference among male and female patients was significantly higher than the controls; 94.0±13.2 vs. 86.4±4.4 (p < 0.001) and 97.8±12.1 vs. 86.9±5.3 (p < 0.001) respectively. The average waist-hip ratio among patients of both genders was significantly higher than controls 1.0±.06 vs. 0.92±.04 (p < 0.001) among males and 0.96±.07 vs. 0.88±.04 (p < 0.001) among females, respectively. The average body mass index (BMI) was not different among male patients (24.6±4.0) compared to controls (24.3±2.3); however, the frequency distribution of BMI among male patients and controls was significantly different (p < 0.05), whereas female patients had significantly higher BMI compared to controls 27.7±4.9 and 25.1±2.4, (p < 0.001). Similarly, body fat percentage and visceral fat percentage were elevated among female cases vs. female controls, but no significant difference was observed in the body fat percentage of male cases vs. controls 28.0±5.0 vs. 28.1±2.7; (p > 0.05). However, visceral fat percentage was significantly elevated among male cases vs. controls 11.6±5.7 vs. 9.6±2.6 (p < 0.05).ConclusionsCentral adiposity markers, waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and visceral fat percentage were uniformly present in patients of both sexes and are stronger predictors of risk of CHD relative to the BMI.

EFFECTS OF A 20-WEEK PILATES METHOD PROGRAM ON BODY COMPOSITION

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether there were changes in body composition after a 20-week (twice weekly) Pilates Method (PM) program when compared to a control group. Methods: This was a controlled quasi-experimental study in which 41 subjects (83.3% females, 16.7% males) aged between 28 and 58 years (mean age = 42.37±7.86 years) were divided into two groups (intervention or control group) and later evaluated. Body composition was measured with anthropometric techniques utilizing the following variables: weight, height, and 6 skinfold measurements. The PM intervention consisted of two weekly sessions, over a 20-week period. The minimal attendance for the program was 85%. Results: Significant differences were observed between the two groups for the sum of six skinfold measurements (p=0.01) and body fat percentage (p=0.004). Conclusion: Practicing the PM for 20 weeks seems to be an activity that can positively influence changes in body composition. Level of evidence III, non-randomized controlled cohort study.

Combination of obesity and malnutrition in a patient with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis (case report)

Eating disorder with its two extreme manifestations — obesity and trophological insufficiency (TI) — is one of the common problems of modern society. TI is often diagnosed in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP); it occurs due to a limited amount of food intake, malabsorption, diabetes mellitus, and chronic alcoholism. TI severity correlates with severity of malabsorption and depletion of nutrients degree. However, TI verification in patients with CP is difficult due to the lack of uniform diagnostic recommendations. Anthropometric technique, laboratory (determination of the level of lymphocytes, albumin) and instrumental (computed tomography, X-ray absorptiometry, magnetic resonance imaging) diagnostics are usually used.&#x0D; The article presents a case report of combination of such two opposite states as obesity and malnutrition in a patient with CP. The patient was hospitalized with CP exacerbation and alcohol abuse. Examination revealed exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and mild malnutrition. Enzyme replacement therapy and additional oral sip feeding with a positive effect were prescribed. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency stopped after 10 weeks of treatment, but malnutrition remained and required a longer course of treatment. Relevance of this problem, main difficulties of diagnosis are presented in the article. Anthropometric indices, body mass index, lymphocytes, total protein, albumin need to be measured in all patients. Using only body mass index leads to hypodiagnosis of malnutrition in patients with CP.

Estimation of stature from left upper limb anthropometry in North Karnataka population: A cadaveric study

Estimation of stature from left upper limb anthropometry in North Karnataka population: A cadaveric study - IJASHNB- Print ISSN No: - 2581-5210 Online ISSN No:- 2581-5229 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.ijashnb.2019.028, IP Indian Journal of Anatomy and Surgery of Head, Neck and Brain-IP Indian J Anat Surg Head Neck Brain

Right humerus; An equation to estimate the length from its fragments

Introduction: Many professionals including anthropologists, medical scientists and anatomists had been using the anthropometric technique to estimate the body size since decades or even centuries. The study which we have conducted in North Karnataka of South Indian was to estimate the length of the right humerus from the dimension of proximal and distal segments of humerus using a regression equation. This is absolutely essential for archeologists, anthropologists and forensic investigators, even when a fragment of bone is available. The current study was therefore focused on the measurement of proximal and distal segments of humerus from which the length of the humerus was estimated. Materials and Methods: The maximum lengths of the right humeri (MHL) were measured and the mean values were calculated. The different measurements of proximal and the distal segments of 53 right humeri were noted and used in our study. Maximum length of humerus, vertical and transverse diameter of proximal segment, transverse diameter and biepicondylar width of distal segment were measured using anthropometric techniques. A regression equation was formulated to calculated the length of the entire humerus provided we can access the measurements of different fragments available. Results: With the measurements obtained analysis was done using descriptive statistics. Regression equation for right humeri was derived to estimate the length of the right humerus. On applying the regression analysis, among 53 right humeri, it was proved that, the vertical diameter of superior articular surface had significant role in estimating the maximum humeral length with maximum correlation coefficient of 0.94(p Conclusion: Thus we can conclude that the length of the right humerus can be estimated from the measures of proximal and distal segments of right humerus. Keywords: Regression equation, Right humerus, Estimation of length, North Karnataka.

A systematic review on ear anthropometry and its industrial design applications

AbstractErgonomics is extensively studied to provide a scientific understanding of humans’ physical and cognitive use of products and workplaces. Ergonomics of the external ear is crucial for the industrial design of various ear‐related products. For this review, 50 articles regarding ear anthropometry and its applications in product design that met determined inclusion criteria were selected after searching four databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Science Direct. Previous anthropometric information acquired with traditional measurement, photogrammetric method, and three dimensional (3D) anthropometric techniques (photogrammetry, magnetic resonance imaging, computerized tomography, 3D scanning, and ear impression). Those studies demonstrated that demographic factors, including age, ethnicity, gender, and ear symmetry, should be considered when designing for specific markets. Ear sizes kept growth throughout the entire lifetime. Results also showed that males had larger ear sizes than females in most populations. Most of linear, area, and ratio dimensions showed a good symmetry between left and right ears, while angular dimensions tended to be nonsymmetric. Differences in anthropometric findings existed among Asian, Western, and African populations. Hence, there is a need to establish more universal anthropometric databases for different ethnicities to meet the development of product form and function. Furthermore, fit and comfort perception was important to be examined for product design, which can be studied through questionnaire on comfort perception, analysis online comments of consumers, and virtual fit analysis. With a comprehensive presentation of literature, future research opportunities were inspired from the perspective of industrial design.

Application of anthropometric methods in the nursing process of nursing research.

to identify anthropometric techniques and measurements related to nursing diagnoses and interventions, included in the NANDA International (NANDA-I) and Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), respectively. descriptive study of the revision of the NANDA-I and NIC taxonomies by professors of Nursing of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. A total of 24 nursing diagnoses, 20 nursing interventions and 71 nursing activities were identified that require the use of anthropometric measurements. anthropometric measurements are necessary in the conduct of numerous nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions that are commonly used in healthcare practice. It would be useful to systematize the use of anthropometric techniques in the application of the nursing process and to standardize this training process.