Anthropometric Dimensions Research Articles

Anthropometric accommodation percentage comparison for univariate and multivariate representative Mexican hand models.

Adopting awkward postures at work has a great impact on productivity and work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Considering anthropometric data in the design of products and workplaces can diminish this impact. The traditional univariate-percentile-approach is one of the most implemented in the anthropometric analysis, even though it has proved limitations in comparison with multivariate-approaches. To develop univariate and multivariate hand models considering four anthropometric dimensions, and to theoretically compare the univariate and multivariate accommodation percentages. Univariate percentile models corresponding to the database of real subject nearest-neighbors to the 5th and 95th percentiles were obtained for the male and female population. Two multivariate approaches were implemented on the central 90% of both populations: 2D principal component analysis and archetypal analysis. The accommodation percentage for each family of models was obtained based on the population that simultaneously fit all the anthropometric dimensions. The goodness-of-fit and McNemar's tests were performed to statistically analyze the accommodation percentages. Eight human hand models were obtained via Principal Component Analysis while two, three, four, and eight Archetypal Analysis models (male-population) and two, three, six, and eight Archetypal Analysis models (female-population) were selected after a root-sum-of-squares analysis for k = 1, ... ,10 archetypes. The results showed that the Principal Component Analysis models obtained a higher accommodation level, followed by the Archetypal Analysis and percentile models (male population). In the case of the female population, models obtained by multivariate-Archetypal Analysis (k = 8) obtained a higher accommodation percentage.

Dimensional solution for beds from wood composites for the bariatric population

The aim of the work was to define a suitable dimensional solution for a single-occupancy bed from wood composites for the adult bariatric population of Slovakia. Current bed dimensions are designed for the adult population for standard human dimensions and weight up to 150 kg. Based on the long-term observation of the development of anthropometric dimensions of the population (secular trend), the height of 95% of the adult male population was defined. Based on the analysis of the bariatric population of Slovakia, regardless of gender, the values of weight, waistline and hipline, and seat width were defined in the years 2020 to 2022. Based on the results, the weight of the bariatric population can be up to 250 kg. New bed dimensions for bariatric respondents were proposed, including bed length according to room dimensions from 220 cm to 240 cm, bed width of 141 cm, and bed height of 55 cm. By adjusting the dimensions of the beds for bariatric respondents, they will be able to move comfortably during rest and sleep. This can prevent many health problems.

An investigation of elderly occupant injury risks based on anthropometric changes compared to young counterparts

Objective The objective of the study was to investigate the difference between elderly and young occupant injury risks using human body finite element modeling in frontal impacts. Methods Two elderly male occupant models (representative age 70–80 years) were developed using the Global Human Body Consortium (GHBMC) 50th percentile as the baseline model. In the first elderly model (EM-1), material property changes were incorporated, and in the second elderly model (EM-2), material and anthropometric changes were incorporated. Material properties were based on literature. The baseline model was morphed to elderly anthropometry for EM-2. The three models were simulated in a frontal crash vehicle environment at 56 km/h. Responses from the two elderly and baseline models were compared with cadaver experimental data in thoracic, abdominal, and frontal impacts. Correlation and analysis scores were used for correlation with experimental data. The probabilities of head, neck, and thoracic injuries were assessed. Results The elderly models showed a good correlation with experimental responses. The elderly EM-1 had higher risk of head and brain injuries compared to the elderly EM-2 and baseline GHBMC models. The elderly EM-2 demonstrated higher risk of neck, chest, and abdominal injuries than the elderly EM-1 and baseline models. Conclusions The study investigated injury risks of two elderly occupants and compared to a young occupant in frontal crashes. The change in the material properties alone (EM-1) suggested that elderly occupants may be vulnerable to a greater risk of head and thoracic injuries, whereas change in both anthropometric and material properties (EM-2) suggested that elderly occupants may be vulnerable to a greater risk of thoracic and neck injuries. The second elderly model results were in better agreement with field injury data from the literature; thus, both anthropometric and material properties should be considered when assessing the injury risks of elderly occupants. The elderly models developed in this study can be used to simulate different impact conditions and determine injury risks for this group of our population.

The Impact of the Secular Trend of the Slovak Population on the Production of Wooden Beds and Seating Furniture

Every space used by a person should suit the anthropometric and biomechanical characteristics of the users. Poorly designed premises and types of equipment have a negative impact on human health. Furniture, as a device for daily use, can in the long term, with inadequate dimensions, significantly affect human health. In this work, we define the secular development of selected anthropometric dimensions of the Slovak population. Based on the positive development, we point out the dimensional and strength characteristics of bed and resting furniture and the dimensional and strength characteristics of seating furniture, which anthropometric dimensions influence. At the same time, we note the need to update the calculation formulas for pricing individual products, which will have an economic impact on wood furniture production. Based on the results, we can conclude that in most of the monitored characteristics of the Slovak population, such as height and bodyweight, the elbow height when sitting, palm width, hand length, length of the forearm to fingertip, buttock–knee length and knee height—sitting with shoes, affect the dimensions of the bed and seating furniture. This implies the need to update the current standards for the general Slovak population.

Anthropometric study of hand parameters for redesigning surgical instruments to combat ergonomic challenges in an operation theatre

Introduction: Anthropometric hand dimensions are used in the design of hand instruments for improving the efficiency and human comfort of surgical equipment and instruments. Instruments built for large male hands make it more difficult for petite female hands to operate them, which reduces their productivity and increases the risk of musculoskeletal diseases. So, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the differences in anthropometric and biomechanical parameters between the dominant hands of adult Indian males and females. Methods: The study was conducted on 335 Indian health care professionals of which 168 were males and 167 were females. Various anthropometric and biomechanical parameters were measured on the dominant hand of all the individuals included in the study. Length, breadth and span of a hand, as well as wrist circumference, were measured by measuring tape while handgrip strength and pinch strength was recorded by Jamar dynamometer & Jamar pinch gauge respectively. Obtained data were analyzed by applying the t-test SPSS version 27. We considered P-value <0.05 as statistically significant. Results: A higher statistically significant difference (<0.05) was found in hand anthropometric and biomechanical parameters amongst dominant hands of Indian male and female health care professionals. Conclusion: The present study was gender-based. All the anthropometric and biomechanical parameters were found to be of dimensions in males as compared to females. This study provides baseline anthropometric & biomechanical values of the Indian hand that will help manufacturers to redesign instruments to improve efficiency and prevent the risk of musculoskeletal disorders amongst health care professionals.

Anthropometric Measurement of Thai Older Farmers for Agricultural Tools and Workplace Design

Agricultural workers usually perform most occupational operations manually. Mismatch between farmers’ anthropometric dimensions and tools or equipment are known to be contributing factors related discomfort, fatigue, injuries, and biomechanical stress to the users, especially for older farmers. A cross-sectional survey was carried out on 197 male and 284 female older farmers in Nong Suea District, Pathum Thani Province, Thailand. The convenience sampling method was used to select the subjects. Thirty-three anthropometric dimensions were measured. The mean; standard deviations; coefficients of variation; independent t-test; and 5th, 50th, and 95th percentile values were determined. The results revealed differences between dimensions for men and women, indicating that men showed prominent results. Moreover, there was a comparison between some dimensions with the results of other counties. The findings of this study provide values of anthropometric data in the aging population of Thailand. Implementing anthropometric data to reduce the mismatch between the aging workers and their work performance is crucial for designing farm tools and designing a safe variety of products and a healthy environment for the elderly.

Independent risk factors of carpal tunnel syndrome: Assessment of body mass index, hand, wrist and finger anthropometric measurements.

The most prevalent neuropathy in the upper extremity is carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). A variety of related risk factors such as biomechanical exposures, body mass index (BMI), sex and hand shape are reported to be related to CTS. We aimed to identify the role of BMI, hand, wrist and finger anthropometric dimensions in the development of CTS, and to compare these measured variables between control and CTS participants. A cross-sectional, case control study (n = 240, CTS = 120, controls = 120) with participants recruited from a convenience sample diagnosed with CTS and referred for anthropometric measurements. The control participants were matched by age and sex. The body height, weight, hand width, hand length, wrist depth, wrist width, wrist circumference, and finger length were measured. Hand, wrist and finger indices, hand to height ratio, and BMI were calculated. Mean values of all dimensions were compared between cases and controls, and the role of independent risk factors were determined by logistic regression analysis. The mean BMI, age, weight, sex and height were not significant between the two groups. Among the measured dimensions and calculated indices the significantly different variables between two groups were the wrist width, wrist depth, wrist circumference, hand index, hand to height index, and wrist index. Regression analysis showed that the wrist index (β=-1.7, p = 0.0001), wrist depth (β=0.25, p = 0.0001) and wrist width (β=0.21, p = 0.0001) were the strongest factors in CTS development in the sample. Wrist parameters have a strong role in predicting the development of CTS, while BMI was not confirmed as an independent risk factor.

Изменчивость полового диморфизма размеров тела в связи с экологическими факторами в грудном периоде онтогенеза

Introduction. Dynamics of sexual dimorphism, SD, of 4 main anthropometric dimensions of 12 months old children in connection with different exogenous factors is under discussion. Materials and methods. The object of the investigation is SD variability of height, weight, chest and head girths of 12-months-old children 50 urban groups examined in 1960th-1970th are analysed. Data is borrowed from textbooks on physical development, published by Research Institute of Hygiene and Health of Children and Adolescents (1962, 1965, 1977 years). The quantitative estimation of the value of SD is based on Kullback divergence. The exogenous factors block includes different anthropogenic factors (water pollution level, air pollution, population density etc.) and climatic factors (geographical latitude of locality as characteristic of daylight duration and partly insolation level, difference between minimal and maximal year temperature values, minimal temperature of January). The estimation of direction and level of associations between somatic parameters SD and ecological factors was held using correlation analysis. Program package Statistica 10 was applied. Results. The preliminary factor analysis of considered exogenous factors extracted 4 factors, covering 79% of variability of ecological niche parameters in total. Dominant role of population size as characteristic of urban ecological niche was shown. Correlations of somatic dimensions SD of 12-months-old children with most significant ecological parameters, selected by means of factor analysis, were insignificant, but evaluation of their direction for different pairs of characteristic reveals, that for SD of height and weight associations with exogenous factors are negative, for SD of girths – are positive. Hence such body parameters as height and weight are more ecosensitive for girls, while head and chest girths for boys. The dominant role of population size characteristic in somatic variability of 1-year-old children is proved by changing of direction of correlations between SD levels and such factors as water and air pollution when megalopolises are excluded from the sample sets. Conclusion. The main result of the study is different by sex phenotype plasticity of somatic parameters in infancy. It has been revealed also that somatic status of urban samples of 1970th is associated mainly with population size.

Correlations of palatal surface area with anthropometric dimensions of the head and face

PurposeSaliva distribution over the palatal surface plays an important role in the perception of dry mouth. It is envisaged that non-invasive estimation of the palatal surface area by anthropometric measurements of the head and face can be useful in the assessment of oral dryness. For this purpose, the relationship between the palatal surface area and anthropometric measurements of the head and face was investigated.MethodsThe palatal surface was measured in 51 healthy volunteers using an intra-oral scanner. The distances between anthropometric landmarks of the head and face were determined using an anatomical sliding caliper. Correlations between the palatal surface area and the anthropometric landmarks were investigated.ResultsThe median palatal surface area for the total study population was found to be 2120.6 mm2. Virtually, all anthropometric measurements showed significant differences between females and males. Various head and face measurements had a significant correlation with the palatal surface area. However, these correlations disappeared when the participants were stratified based on their sex, with the exception of mandibular length and palatal width in females.ConclusionThe surface area of the palate correlates with nearly all anthropometric measurements of the head and face included in this study. Yet, the clinical applicability seems limited to females.

Effect of anthropometric and demographic factors on musculoskeletal disorders in nurses' aides.

Nurses' aides usually face various stressors, making them prone to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This study evaluates the effect of ergonomic and anthropometric indices, postural risk, and demographic variables on MSDs in nurses' aides. Demographic variables, anthropometric dimensions, postural risk level (RL), and related percentiles of 75 nurses' aides were examined using Quick Exposure Check (QEC) software, caliper, and body map questionnaire. Pearson correlation coefficient, univariate and multivariate tests were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the RL of QEC in both groups of males and females was 73.67±22.34 (RL = 4) and 65.34±18.38 (RL = 3), respectively. The level of MSDs in the lumbar, thigh, and leg areas was higher than in other areas. Also, increasing age and work experience, and BMI were significantly associated with increasing disorders in the hands, wrists, and shoulders, respectively (P < 0.05). The results showed that an increase in some anthropometric indices such as body height, buttock, knee, popliteal height, abdomen depth, standing grip access limit, sitting grip access limit increased disorders in the hands and wrists. Also, MSDs were predicted in different areas of the nurses' aides' bodies using regression models, which was significant in the hands, wrists, elbows, legs, and shoulders (P < 0.05). The results showed that there was a significant difference between male and female nurses in most aspects of anthropometry and the risk level of QEC. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to anthropometric dimensions, and demographic diversity to design tools and workstations.

Look-alike humans identified by facial recognition algorithms show genetic similarities.

The human face is one of the most visible features of our unique identity as individuals. Interestingly, monozygotic twins share almost identical facial traits and the same DNA sequence but could exhibit differences in other biometrical parameters. The expansion of the world wide web and the possibility to exchange pictures of humans across the planet has increased the number of people identified online as virtual twins or doubles that are not family related. Herein, we have characterized in detail a set of "look-alike" humans, defined by facial recognition algorithms, for their multiomics landscape. We report that these individuals share similar genotypes and differ in their DNA methylation and microbiome landscape. These results not only provide insights about the genetics that determine our face but also might have implications for the establishment of other human anthropometric properties and even personality characteristics.

Design for Bedridden Elderly: Presenting Pressure Ulcer Product Design Based on Anthropometric Characteristics.

Pressure ulcers are a type of injury that causes tissue ischemia, a deficiency of nutrition and oxygen to the tissues, and, eventually, tissue necrosis when an area of skin is placed under constant pressure for an extended length of time. With the acceleration of the aging process, the problem of providing care for pressure ulcers for the bedridden elderly becomes increasingly urgent. This study conducts a field survey based on the research status of 221 disabled elderly in 16 communities on 7 typical streets in Beijing, focusing on the problem of pressure ulcer complications caused by bedridden. An automatic inflatable airbag mattress is designed according to anthropometric dimensions of bedridden elderly, pressure ulcer-prone areas, and the decompression standard, so that the airbag mattress can reduce the pressure in its initial shape. To achieve accurate control of the pressure in the pressure-prone areas of an airbag, air pressure control system is proposed which can control airbags individually and link multiple airbags, evaluating the safety of pressure ulcer points based on the data from sensors and making corresponding air pressure changes to reduce the possibility of generating pressure ulcers. The proposed pressure ulcer preventing system will be an efficient healthcare tool for families who had elderly bedridden patients, patients with chronic degenerative disease side effects, and terminal and postsurgical patients, as well as femur fractures, in their homes.

Anthropometric data of an elderly Iranian population provides insights for system design.

Anthropometric data should be considered for each major population age category, specifically because of the dimension changes occurring during ageing. In elderly subjects, the physical activities and their capabilities become limited. Therefore anthropometric reference data for equipment and system designs is necessary. The aim of the study was to collect data for the body dimensions of an elderly Iranian population and evaluate the related gender and age correlations. Nineteen body dimensions were manually measured on a sample size of 317 subjects (167 male and 150 female) from four provinces of Iran. A pilot preliminary test for assessing test-retest reliability on ten body dimensions using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC2:1) was performed. Descriptive statistics were reported based on gender and independent samples t-tests to compare the anthropometric dimensions of both genders and age. Results indicated higher dimensions in males, except for hip-breadth (p = 0.87). In all subjects, increasing age corresponded with: decreased standing shoulder height, eye height, and elbow height; and with sitting height and sitting knee height; while hip-breadth increased. Reliability was acceptable (ICC2.1 >0.88). In the elderly, as with adult subjects, there are significant gender differences in body dimensions, and this should be considered in equipment and system design. Furthermore, this study demonstrated both genders differences and the consequences of aging. From this pilot data, product designers can consider the anthropometric characteristics for elderly Iranian subjects for equipment and system design.

Межгрупповая изменчивость возрастной динамики полового диморфизма размеров тела грудных детей в связи с этническим (расовым) фактором

Introduction. Monthly dynamics of sexual dimorphism, SD, of main anthropometric dimensions in pairs of groups of different ethnicity, residing in several capitals of former USSR Republics, is under discussion. Materials and methods. 6 pairs of ethnic groups (1965-1981 years of research) are analyzed — Kalmyk and Russian of Elista, Turkman and Russian of Ashkhabad, Moldavian and Russian of Kishinev, Latvian and Russian of Riga, Tatar and Russian of Kazan, rural Chuvash of Cheboksary. region and Russian of Cheboksary. Data is borrowed from textbooks on physical development, published by Science research institute of child and adolescents hygiene and health protection, collected and treated according to common standard requests. The quantitative estimation of the value of sexual dimorphism is based on Kullback divergence. Results. Relative stability of patterns of dynamics of weight and height and their SD of Kalmyk is in contrast with the significant increase of SD of height of Russian through the first three trimesters. The acceleration of boys compared to girls is fixed for Ashkhabad samples without connection with ethnicity. Turkman boys are characterized by more intensive increase of indices of transversal body development, Russian boys by increase of height first of all. Tatar boys compared to girls have more intensive increase of weight in the first trimester, and more intensive increase of height in the fourth trimester; Russian infants have more or less stable SD of height, but boys have higher levels of weight through the first – third trimesters of the year. Chuvash boys of Cheboksary region as compared to girls have intensive increase of both skeletal growth and weight in the fourth trimester; Russians show the decrease of SD of height towards the end of the year, but keep high levels of SD of weight. In Riga Latvian boys compared to girls have higher rates of increase of height and weight through the first trimester, further on keep the advantage only in weight; Russian boys leave behind girls in weight through the first trimester and in height through the fourth trimester. Conclusion. Analysis of the samples of infants based on pairs of groups «aboriginal - Russian population» revealed that ethnic factor has a significant influence on forming of intergroup variability of growth processes in infancy. Different ethnic groups in one and the same anthropoecological niche have different levels of SD of each somatic dimension and ethno-specific peculiarities of age dynamics of SD of body dimensions.

Ergonomic and Workload Investigation of Tractor Operators Using Rotavator in Pulverization and Puddling Operations

The ergonomic investigation entails assessment of anthropometric dimensions, physiological variations and related workload of 120 respondents having age group between interval 20-50 years for seed bed operation (pulverization and puddling) using rotavator. The study indicated that the average resting heart rate of the tractor operators was 77.56 bpm for secondary tillage operation (pulverization) and 81.46 bpm for puddling operation (for further sowing of paddy crop). The average working heart rate throughout the pulverization and puddling operation were investigated as 95.43 and 103.86(bpm) respectively. The average EER and OCR values for the concerned operations were 6.45 and 7.79(kJ/min) and 0.41 and 0.52(L/min) respectively. The BPDS values of selected subjects were ascertained as 19.5 and 21.4respectively. The study reveals that diff erent farm operations have signifi cant eff ect on the physiological parameters of the respondents. The fi ndings conclude that the tractor operators were more compatible and comfortable in conducting pulverization by rotavator for given soil conditions. The performance of operators was found superlative for the same operation than by puddling operation. For the safer, smart and eff ective agricultural operation in rural parts of the nation, the need of ergonomics is onerous and is a key in predicting the daily working capacity of the respondents involved in various farm operations thereby ensuring the proper harmonious and eff ectual relationship in man-machine interface.

Frontal collision simulation in laboratory conditions

The article presents the displacement of individual body parts of volunteers during a controlled crash test at low speed. The crash test stand used is equipped with a vehicle seat with standard seat belts, which moves along the ramp rails. The stand enables both front, side and rear crash tests. The stand enables crash tests from 5 km/h to 20 km/h. The aim of the research is to compare the displacements of individual parts of the volunteers’ body, taking into account the division into sex. A study carried out on 130 volunteers (80 men and 50 women), at a collision speed of 15 km/h, showed slight differences in the trajectory of the volunteers’ head movement. Before the study, the volunteers were measured and weighed, and then assigned to the appropriate population percentile. Volunteers were classified into a given percentile group on the basis of the mean of 15 anthropometric dimensions of individual body parts. The obtained results are the basis for building a physical model of a dummy.

Anthropometric Seat Design for Bus Drivers in Southwestern Nigeria

Most buses used in Nigeria are imported; thus, the anthropometric dimensions of the citizens of the country of manufacture were used for the seat design. Poorly designed seats due to a mismatch in anthropometric measurements may lead to musculoskeletal disorders. Hence, there is a need to design an appropriate seat for particular bus drivers. This study aimed to obtain anthropometric dimensions of Nigerian bus drivers and design an appropriate driver’s seat based on the collected dimensions. Relevant anthropometric variables necessary for the driver’s seat design were obtained from 150 randomly selected male bus drivers from seven towns in Ogun, Oyo and Lagos states. Seat dimensions of 50 urban buses in heavy and medium automobile categories were considered. The means, standard deviations and 5th, 50th and 95th percentiles were calculated. The existing seat dimensions were compared with the required anthropometric measurements of the drivers for the seat design. It was found that the current seat measurements differed from the suggested seat dimensions. The study highlighted that in designing and producing bus seats for Nigerian bus drivers, their anthropometric data should be considered. The study recommended that the dimensions of the driver’s seat should be 46.45-50.45 cm (seat height); 39-48.26 cm (seat depth); 46.83 cm (seat front width); 53 cm (backrest height); 49-58.26 (backrest depth); and 90° to 130° (seat backrest angle).

Epidemiology of Sleep Disorders Among Adolescents in Kerman, Iran, in 2019

ABSTRACT It is an important fact that the onset of adolescence is a time of both physiological and social changes that affect sleep. In this study, the prevalence of sleep disorders in adolescents and the association between them were investigated. Anthropometric dimensions (such as height and weight) of individuals in Kerman in 2019 were also assessed. A total of 451 adolescents (mean age: 14.72 years; 51.88% females) of Kerman, Iran, took part in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, and then demographic (age, gender) and anthropometric data (weight and height) were collected. The prevalence of sleep disorders in this population was 31.9%. Among those with self-rated sleep disorders, 53.5% were males. Participants with sleep disorders were younger and showed lower anthropometric values such as height, weight, and body mass index. However, there was no difference between sleep disorders and gender (P-value > .05). This study revealed a relatively high prevalence of sleep disorders among adolescents. This research was done with the aim of encouraging the healthcare organization to design educational programs to evaluate and reduce sleep disorders.

Mismatch error among anthropometric dimensions of human knee and implanted knee in knee replacement surgery in India

Background: Many people undergo total knee replacement surgery but many a times the implant sizes fail to match the actual joint size and cause further damage to the bones and muscles. This paper tries to study the difference between the implants used for surgeries and the anthropometric data of patients. Method and Material: Study consists of data of around 150 patients from two private hospitals in, Nagpur, (India). Anthropometric data was compared with the standard implant data for Zimmer and Johnson &amp; Johnson Company. The mismatch error was calculated individually for male and female patients. Results: The result showed that the mismatch error calculated for Zimmer implants were -5.6 for A/P and -3.3 for M/L in female patients; -1.18 for A/P and 4.95 for M/L in male patients. The mismatch error calculated for Johnson &amp; Johnson implants were -3.4 for A/P and -0.4 for M/L in female patients; 1.85 for A/P and 8.18 for M/L in male patients. The total mismatch for Zimmer was -4.4 for females and 1.83 for males and that for Johnson &amp; Johnson was -1.89 for females and 5.01 for males.

Hand anthropometric dimensions and strengths in workers: A comparison of three occupations

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to measure and compare the hand anthropometric dimensions and strengths of three different occupations. A cross‐sectional study was designed to measure 34 hand dimensions and 4 hand strengths of 558 participants consisted of office workers, vehicle mechanics, and farmers. A digital caliper, a hand dynamometer, and a pinch meter were used to collect data. Percentile values for each measurement were tabulated at the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentile levels. The analysis of variance, t test, and Cohen's d were performed to assess the differences in anthropometric variables between groups of workers. The findings demonstrated statistically significant differences in the mean size and strength of the hands across three occupations. Office workers' hands were significantly smaller than those of car mechanics and farmers, particularly in terms of hand depths and widths. Car mechanics' hand circumferences were bigger than those of farmers. Office workers produced the weakest hand strengths. Wrist breadth of workers showed the highest correlation with hand strengths. Compared to other studies, the hands of Iranian workers were wider and thicker, but the length of their hands was similar. Given the significant variances in hand anthropometry between occupational categories, these differences should be incorporated into the design and selection of hand‐related products such as gloves and hand tools for each group of workers.