Anthropocentric Model Research Articles

Anthropocentrism in Christian eco-theology: origin and debate

This article explores the origins of anthropocentrism in Christian eco-theology, a concept mainly introduced by Lynn White (1907-1987). It also examines the subsequent debates, especially from the perspective of theocentrism, which opposes the Anthropocentric model. Content analysis is used to understand the language and social functions of anthropocentrism and Christian eco-theology in academic literature while also examining the key arguments related to the topic. Meanwhile, discourse analysis is employed to reinforce the findings. The study concludes that Lynn White’s work, The Historical Roots, initiated further contemporary debate on Christian eco-theology. As experts claimed, the error committed by White may have caused tremendous damage to the Christian tradition. However, it also enriched subsequent inquiries into the development of Christian eco-theology. Moreover, the anthropocentric framework in Christian eco-theology was also partly a result of misinterpreting Genesis 1:27, which is closely related to the various interpretations of Imago Dei (image of God). Theocentrism, as such, possibly occupies a central position in present-day apologetics regarding eco-theology in Christianity, providing further opportunities for discussion in defending Christ's relevance to the recent environmental crisis.

Лингвокреативность как основа образования полисинтетических номинаций в англоязычном медиадискурсе

The paper is dedicated to the analysis of the phenomenon of linguistic creativity. By analyzing theoretical material related to linguistic creativity, the author emphasizes the close relationship between concepts such as word formation and linguistic creativity. The author also examines the creation of new linguistic creative units from the perspective of an anthropocentric model, where the subject is at the center. According to this model, new occasional (complex authorial) units possess a range of characteristics. The subject, utilizing complex nominative (polysynthetic) structures in the speech, such as word-phrases and word-sentences, as tools for constructing/perceiving reality and personal individualization, uses the creative potential of language. The research aim is to identify the linguistic creative nature of polysynthetic nominations in English language media discourse. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the development of an algorithm for linguistic (lexical) analysis aimed at a thorough scientific description of polysynthetic nominations and the identification of their integral and differential features. The scientific description revealed that a significant portion of the identified polysynthetic nominations in the English segment of the Internet is not documented in dictionaries. As a result, the linguistic creative nature of complex-syntactic (polysynthetic) nominations, which have become an integral part of the language system due to the active development of information and communication technologies, is uncovered.

Western Thought in the Formation of “Ecosocialism” in Latin America

The turn of the 20th — 21st centuries had a negative impact on the development of many Latin American countries, bringing political destabilization and economic imbalance among the main participants. The imbalances in development were largely explained by the fact that the countries failed to cope with structural dependence, which was much written about by the “dependentists” led by Raul Prebish. In addition, the region began to face new challenges that required attention and resources. These include, in particular, addressing environmental issues in political discourse. The socio-environmental issues accumulated over many years of exploitation of the rental economy have become a catalyst for the formation of new political actors — social movements that have adopted the practices of the indigenous population of the region aimed at preserving a healthy environment. Against the background of the “left drift”, this process resulted in the emergence of intercultural ecosocialism, which was especially manifested in Bolivia and Ecuador, where environmental sustainability issues influenced the formation of the public agenda. The radical management of natural resources within the framework of ecosocialism as a social project, which it was, was based not only on the Indian traditions of reverence for Mother Nature and harmony with her, but also used the intellectual reserve accumulated by Western thought. For a detailed consideration of the above-mentioned trend, the main stages of the formation of such areas as political ecology and post-development theory, as well as other areas of socio-ecological thought of the 70—80’s were analyzed. The twentieth century. To explain the peculiarities of the functioning of rental economies in the region, the author of the article turned to the center-peripheral model, which is used in the theory of dependent development, as well as in world-system analysis. In general, it is worth emphasizing that the discussions that were conducted within the framework of the approach of the ecosocialists of Ecuador and Bolivia are a challenge to the established economic model in which the environment is overexploited. The experience of the Andean subregion has for a long time demonstrated new interpretations of human and economic development, where along the way the authorities tried to use a more pragmatic approach to environmental rights. The ideas of abandoning the established anthropocentric model in favor of balanced relations between society and the environment continue to find their followers. However, their success depends entirely on the degree of attractiveness of these alternative projects for all participants.

The "UFO Taboo" Is What IR Theorists Make of It: "Sovereignty and the UFO" in Citational Perspective.

In 2008, Alexander Wendt and Raymond Duvall published an article titled "Sovereignty and the UFO," which demonstrated how a UFO taboo in international relations theory upheld an anthropocentric model of sovereignty. At a distance of a decade and a half, this review evaluates the validity of the claim that a UFO taboo exists in international relations, and explores the citational practices that influence the prestige economy of the field. The article employs a methodology of interpretive scientometrics informed by methodological debates in political science and international, as well as theoretical debates in actor-network theory. After testing the claim of the UFO taboo in a comparative perspective, the article investigates the strategies of association (weak and strong) present in the citations of "Sovereignty and the UFO." In addition to a revaluation of core claims in an often-read but less-often-cited article in international relations theory, this article provides important insights into how citation works in the discipline of international relations.

Человек вопрошающий в романе Михаила Шишкина «Письмовник»

The image of a person who is in a cognitive search and expresses himself in questions and questioning, often finds himself in the center of the writer’s attention. However, a system of theoretical principles for analyzing the phenomenon of questioning has not yet been developed in literary studies. Some works of this kind focus on linguistic or philosophical research. The object of study in this article is Mikhail Shishkin’s novel “Letter Book”, which allows us to demonstrate the methodological principles of revealing the image of the asking man. Based on I.I. Plekhanova’s monograph “Questions and Questioning in lyrical reflection”, we transfer the main methodological stages to the prose text: 1) we distinguish the question as a modality of utterance and questioning as a spiritual intention, 2) we define the functions of questions and questioning, 3) we characterize subject-subject connections in the process of questioning communication. In the novel, questions are actualized in the cognitive function of unsolvable questions, and the search and assertion of meaning is realized differently depending on the subject-subject relations, which are presented in the “Letter Book” not in a realistically deterministic form. The positions of the communicants (the questioner and the responder) are constantly changing or combining. As a result, the “questioning process” goes beyond the framework of a communicative strategy and transforms into a reflexive search for oneself. The step-by-step analysis gives grounds to speak about a special kind of anthropocentric model of the world in M. Shishkin’s novel, when the central significant element turns out to be a “little man” who, through questioning, does not reveal the secrets of being for the sake of epistemological completeness of existence, but seeks a close and understandable way of comprehending non-existence, thereby overcoming the eternal fear of death.

Models of Language Description and Linguocultural Code in Creating Images of the World in Turkic and Russian Languages

In the article, against the background of the system-centric paradigm, the features of the anthropocentric model and the linguo-cultural code are considered as an effective tool for creating and understanding national-cultural images that constitute the deep features of the national-cultural identity of languages. The study is based on the materials of the Kyrgyz, Turkish and Russian languages, organized into associative-verbal thematic fields of lexemes with direct meanings, which, as a result of secondary nomination processes, are used in figurative senses and for coding the originality of national-cultural semantics. Such an approach, taking into account the human factor and the historical and cultural identity of the ethnic group, becomes an effective tool for comprehending the national character of ethnic groups.

Педагогическая грамматика русского языка в ономастическом и когнитивном аспектах

The main features of pedagogical grammar are outlined, which make it possible to use the educational potential of proper names in teaching the Russian language to Uzbek students, to carry out educational activities – to expand the horizons and range of onomastic knowledge, to promote the formation of onomastic culture. It is proved that the existing anthropocentric model in the system of modern philological education should include the pedagogical aspects of onomastics. The structure of obligatory knowledge about the category of masculine and feminine nouns in the Russian language is associated with the designation of persons of different sexes, which reflects one of the principles of the pedagogical description of the Russian language – the inclusion of maximum information that helps memorize the word and reveal the cultural identity of the Russian language, which , which is a linguistic picture of the world. Attention is focused on the fact that the pedagogical description of onomastic vocabulary based on the main cognitive function of the language makes it possible to take into account the process of categorization, in which the formatting of the linguistic status of the class of “feminitives”, the content category of feminine nouns as new objects of reality takes place, which is not yet focused on educational description of these language formations in textbooks for universities and schools of secondary general education with Uzbek and other languages of instruction. It is substantiated that from the standpoint of pedagogical grammar, knowledge about the category of feminine nouns as a derived Russian word should be formed as secondary new knowledge, and primary knowledge associated with knowledge of the generating word should be included in the interpretation of feminitives, which corresponds to the idea of expanding knowledge about the Russian language.

Anthropocentric Model of Alienation and Self-Alienation Formation in the Information Space

Anthropocentric Model of Alienation and Self-Alienation Formation in the Information Space

The History of Things in Ralf Andtbacka'sWunderkammer

The History of Things in Ralf Andtbacka's<i>Wunderkammer</i>

ПАРАДИГМАТИЧНА СИСТЕМА ЛЕКСИЧНИХ ОДИНИЦЬ (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ ПОЕТИЧНИХ ТЕКСТІВ)

Paradigmatic relations between units of poetic text have been a matter of researcher interest for a long time. But scientists usually focus their attention on the semantics level. Commonly, systems of synonyms, antonyms, and lexical and semantic groups are being analysed in terms of the function they have in the text. The holistic paradigmatic system of text lexical units was never the subject of special study. This article purpose is a description of specific paradigmatic systems, that are formed by lexical units functioning in a poetic text. The research is conducted within the framework of functional linguistics, which involves considering the content of the text to be an active mental activity of the author and the perceiver, interacting in the communicative act AUTHOR - TEXT - READER, from the standpoint of the recipient. In the chosen anthropocentric model, paradigmatic text analysis is an attempt to model the process of text perception by the recipient. In contrast to the traditional description of lexical paradigms, the subject of paradigmatic analysis are words and more voluminous intertextual verbal complexes that form a system series as a definition of one or similar concepts or form interconnected perceptual “subject” images in the process of a text or group of texts perception. The study is based on a comparative analysis of Sergei Yesenin's poems “The grove of golden trees has fallen silent” and “Birch”. The presented analysis of the poems shows that the strengthening of the conceptuality entails an increase in the dependence of private paradigms in the hyper paradigm of the text. If we follow a strict analogy with syntax, we can say that the paradigmatic organization of projective texts is closer to parataxis, and conceptual is closer to hypostasis. The study of the paradigmatic organization of the works of Sergei Yesenin proves the expediency of lexical units paradigmatic analysis of the literary text, which opens up the possibility for a more complete interpretation.

THE CONCEPT OF “EYE” IN THE ART OF ANNA AKHMATOVA: IMAGE OF “BODY-MAKING MAN”

The anthropocentric postulates of Silver age’s poetry “acmeism” are opened as an idea of continuity of cultural and civilization models; the concept of "spiritual body of the Universe", of world physiological basis are represented. The article reveals the idea of continuity of cultural and civilization models in the works of acmeism representatives. The conceptual importance of the somatic lexicon as the name of parts of a body is analyzed in A. Akhmatova's masterpieces, especially the “eye” image. It is important to analyze the somatic lexicon as a component of the model of "body-making man” reproducing the most harmonious condition of the world. The authors of the article interpret static data determining the character and the number of references to the concept “eye” in A. Akhmatova's poetry and deduce the main regularities of the use of this concept. The structural models of constructions that include "eye" are revealed; the most productive semantic groups corresponding to traditional cultural interpretations and archetypes are highlighted. The main interpretations of the “eye” as a retranslator of inner feelings, a means of cognition of the world, a semantic detail of mythological and individual-author images are highlighted. The antithesis “closed eye - open eye” is introduced, the color symbolism of the “eye” is deciphered. The paper differentiates cultural and individual-author associative rows of the studied units. The authors of the article hypothesize the importance of “eye” in the works of A. Akhmatova as a part of the concept of “spiritual body of the Universe”; they reveal the dualism of this organ, which combines the experience of studying the outer world with the function of a conductor of feelings and emotions to the outer world. The idea of the fruitfulness of further observations on the functioning of somatic vocabulary in the works of A. Akhmatova in the aspect of anthropocentric model is introduced.

Ecological problems and financing environmental protection actions

Favorable environment is one of the necessary basic elements for survival of mankind, its healthy growth and development. Pure air, clean water and soil are critical to the existence of flora and fauna of the Earth. However, by the development of society, by the advent of industrial revolution and the recognition of anthropocentric model of the world, man began to exploit the land and its resources without due regard to the consequences of adopting such behavior.

A Posthumanist Reading of Geological Agency in “The Domain of Arnheim”

ABSTRACT This article proposes a posthumanist reading of Edgar Allan Poe’s story of “The Domain of Arnheim” and argues that posthumanism redefines the narrator’s sense of attachment to the shared world. The first part of the article compares two styles of landscape-gardening and the preference of the posthumanist model over the anthropocentric model implies the narrator’s endeavor to build a new relationship with the environment in which multiple species form a respectful and harmonious symbiosis. To reach this posthumanist world, the narrator proposes the descent of anthropocentrism and ascent of non-human agency. The insertion of human history into the evolutionary time of the Earth repositions men in the world and amplifies human awareness of geological forces of nature. Together the cooperation of human beings and geological agents have created an idealized landscape-garden.

АНТРОПОЛОГІЧНІ ТА ГУМАНІСТИЧНІ ЧИННИКИ ВИХОВАННЯ ТОЛЕРАНТНОСТІ СУЧАСНОЇ МОЛОДІ

The article describes the anthropological and humanistic factors of teaching tolerance to modern youth. Training of a person is influenced by different social institutions, which ensure the reproduction of socio-cultural experience in his consciousness, behavioral models and kinds of activities. The results are represented in his educational level, which defines the person’s attitude to himself and the others. The values adopted from the society are at the heart of attitudes. Nowadays the dominant factor is the formation of the basic values of humanism. The principle of human-centeredness in the sphere of education is defined as a personality-oriented educational process. The anthropological concept is based on anthropocentric model of education. According to this model the person is considered to be the highest value and the open system. The main task of education is the creation of an environment fostering everyone’s self-development. Anthropologism is closely connected with the humanistic principles of educational process and based on the laws of personality development, contributes to the formation of youth’s value-centered attitude to a person. The commonly accepted scientific principle of human-centeredness is considered here as a personality-centered educational process. The suggested here anthropocentric model regards a person as an open system; education process is viewed as the environmental creation, capable of self-development. From the anthropological humanistic point of view, educational process is implemented in such a way, when interests, believes of each person are respected. Pedagogical anthropology presents a complex set of human existence characteristics; it is closely connected with the principles of humanistic education. Anthropological educational concepts are described in the article, a fragment of the study concerning the improving the pupils’ level of a value-centered attitude to a person process is presented, the results of work are summarized. The dynamics analysis of teaching a value-centered attitude to a person to pupils of different age groups has proved the suitability of the author's technology. At all stages of the experiment positive changes concerning basic humanistic values mastering, which was implemented in behavior and value-centered attitude to a person took place in the personality’s structure by the cognitive, motivational, operational and productive criteria. Tolerance is regarded in terms of anthropologic concept.

Animalismo e non violenza. L’incidenza della lezione gandhiana sul pensiero di Tom Regan

In opposition to the anthropocentric model of domination, in Gandhi as in Regan there is the full recovery of an ethical-philosophical tradition based on the model of kinship or fraternity and that insists on the possibility of extending the rules of justice to all living beings. The result of this perspective is the duty of vegetarianism and the radical opposition to any practice that treats animals as means at the service of human interests. But Gandhi’s lesson is particularly useful both to address the properly political issues arising from animal ethics, that are at the heart of Regan’s philosophy (starting with the debate on the nature and justification of animal rights theories and their possible inclusion in the political community), and to define the most appropriate non-violent fighting strategies for the achievement of the aims of animal rights defenders.

The Body of Spirit: Hegel's Concept of Flesh and its Normative Implications

AbstractThis paper attempts to show that an expansive normative vision can be drawn from Hegel's texts, one whose scope significantly exceeds the anthropocentric model presented in the ‘objective spirit’ parts of his system. This expansion of normativity is linked to an expansive vision of relationality underpinning Hegel's model of ‘concrete freedom’. In order to put into sharper relief the links between expansive relationality and normativity, the late thinking of Maurice Merleau-Ponty is mobilized as a heuristic contrasting point. In the ‘subjective spirit’ sections of the Encyclopaedia are found insights that anticipate key features of Merleau-Ponty's notion of ‘flesh’. Locating these insights allows us to detect the underlying thread this paper seeks to mine. Hegel's own ‘theory of flesh’ culminates in the notion of ‘constitutive attachments’, the idea that the content of subjectivity is made up of all the bonds linking the human subject to her surrounding worlds and objects. Since freedom for Hegel is ‘being with’, and since normative demands arise from the different ways in which freedom is concretely realized, it would seem that Hegel's relational conception of subjectivity should lead to an equally expansive conception of normativity. Against the objection that Hegel denied any normative status to non-human beings, the paper points to passages in his work, notably his account of aesthetic judgement and natural beauty, which appear to suggest the opposite.

Gender pronoun use in the university classroom: A post-humanist perspective

Background: This article explores the political impact of using gender neutral pronouns in the university classroom. Aim: We explore how the gender neutral pronoun ‘they’ denaturalises essentialist models of gender identity. We follow ‘they’ toward a consideration of the gender neutral pronoun ‘it.’ ‘It’ advances – at the same time that it problematises – the political project of non-binary communities to denaturalise gender by challenging an anthropocentric model of equal rights. Setting: We examine the latent humanism of pronoun use through our contrasting approaches to gender pronoun use in our writing courses. Methods: First we discuss the role of genderneutral pronouns in building a more inclusive classroom environment for gender non-conforming students. We then consider our respective pedagogical approaches to pronoun use. Andrew avoids pronoun use in the classroom, addressing his students by their first names instead, while Marcos makes pronoun use and gender identity a central part of his course curriculum. We then consider the pronoun ‘it’ from a posthumanist perspective, arguing that ‘it’ might help to overcome the violent legacy of humanism by building a more inclusive classroom environment for gender-nonconforming students. Results: The analysis of ‘it’ as a gender neutral pronoun has revolutionary potential. Deconstructing our conceptions of equal rights from a posthumanist perspective can transform higher education for the better. Conclusion: The article concludes that college educators should consider discussing the significance of the pronoun ‘it.’ Given its dehumanising potential, this discussion should be presented in light of the posthumanist critique of anthropocentrism, and must affirm students’ existing identifications.

Антропоцентрична модель нанорівня економічної системи: взаємозв’язок виробничих факторів

У статті розглянуто основні теоретичні питання побудови моделі «NH»S - антропоцентричної моделі взаємодії ендогенних факторів виробництва. Розглянуто взаємозв’язки ендогенних трансформаційних факторів в аспекті їх впливу на стан людського фактору виробництва і зміни характеристик індивіда як нанорівня організації глобальної економічної системи (GES). Визначено, що стан інформаційної і технічної бази залишається найвпливовішим чинником виробничих характеристик наносуб'єктів. Виявлена значущість заходів щодо підвищення результативності використання ендогенних трансакційних факторів, що за умов їх раціональної організації, поліпшують комплекс характеристик наносуб'єктів, сприяють інтелектуалізації людського фактору й створенню ефективного мотиваційного менеджменту високоінтелектуальної праці.

A natureza como sujeito de direito

Os recentes desastres ecológicos em Mariana (2015) e em Brumadinho (2019), no estado de Minas Gerais ˗ Brasil, trouxeram à tona a necessidade de novas reflexões sobre a preservação do meio ambiente nacional. O ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, pautado em um modelo antropocêntrico de interação do homem com a natureza, considera esta como um recurso à disposição daquele, de modo que há apenas algumas limitações quanto ao seu uso, as quais, com efeito, não garantem a devida proteção, tampouco a recuperação dos ecossistemas afetados pelas mãos humanas. É possível perceber, no entanto, que tal paradigma acerca das normas ambientais está em desconexão com outros países da América Latina, que impulsionados pelo Novo Constitucionalismo Latino-Americano, passaram a reconhecer e declarar direitos à natureza, realizando uma leitura normativa fundamentada no biocentrismo. Em sendo assim, o objetivo geral do presente trabalho é verificar a possibilidade e a viabilidade do uso do Direito Comparado para uma mudança na legislação pátria acerca do status jurídico da natureza, com o fito de reconhecê-la como sujeito de direito, a partir da análise dos desastres ambientais ocorridos em Mariana e Brumadinho, demonstrando-se, dessa forma, a importância dos estudos juscomparativos em matéria ambiental. O trabalho utiliza uma metodologia jurídico exploratória-explicativa, de natureza qualitativa, e o método teórico, notadamente por meio de uma abordagem bibliográfica. Ao final, conclui-se no sentido de que é viável a utilização de estudos juscomparativos em matéria ambiental para a mudança na legislação nacional sobre o enquadramento jurídico da natureza, isso tudo com a finalidade de proporcionar uma maior preservação do meio ambiente, bem como garantir qualidade de vida às atuais e futuras gerações, na esteira do que vêm fazendo outros países da América Latina.

The problem of “harm” in the theory of international relations

The article provides an analytical review of the literature on the issue of harm in the theory of international relations, as a result of which this issue has been supplemented and expanded. The issue has initially been posed by Andrew Linklater as a question of physical harm to humans in the context of a state-centered international system. Audra Mitchell entered into a discussion with A. Linklater from the standpoint of post-humanism. From her point of view, harm should be evaluated not only and not so much from the human point of view, but from the perspective the whole world, the totality of animate and inanimate nature, including humanity. Alex Hoseason called into question the nature of causal relations in the theories of A. Linklater and A. Mitchell. From his point of view, in complex social systems, such as international system, non-linear causal relationships and multiple causality prevail. In addition, based on the philosophy of critical realism, Alex Hoseason suggested that not only actors in international relations, but also social structures can cause harm. This narrative is further developed by problematique of biopolitics. Political governance of biological aspects of the life of the population is directly related to the problem of physical harm in the sense that biopolitics, on the one hand, is aimed at maintaining the physical health of the population, on the other hand, politics is still at the core of biopolitics, so sometimes it can turn against all or part of its population as happened in Nazi Germany. Today, biopolitics at the global level is implemented in the UN development programs, in various international and transnational initiatives to promote international development, as well as in global health governance. Expanding the problematique of harm to biopolitics brings us back to the original anthropocentric model of harm proposed by A. Linklater, nevertheless, this step allows us to analyze not only the causes of harm, but also approaches to reducing it.