Anthocyanin-rich Extract Research Articles

Integrated process for obtaining anthocyanins rich-extract by ultrasound-assisted extraction and starch recovery from purple yam (Dioscorea alata): a techno-economic evaluation

Integrated process for obtaining anthocyanins rich-extract by ultrasound-assisted extraction and starch recovery from purple yam (Dioscorea alata): a techno-economic evaluation

Anthocyanin-rich blueberry extracts and anthocyanin metabolite protocatechuic acid promote autophagy-lysosomal pathway and alleviate neurons damage in in vivo and in vitro models of Alzheimer's disease

ObjectivesAs the global aging phenomenon intensifies, the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is gradually increasing. Diet appears to be an effective way to prevent and delay the progression of AD. Previous studies have found that cognitive impairment and neuronal damage were effectively alleviated by blueberry extract (BBE) in AD mice, but its mechanism is still unclear. The aims of this study were to detect the main anthocyanins of BBE; then to verify the protective effects of anthocyanin-rich BBE on hippocampal neurons and the promotion of autophagy; and finally to investigate the main protective effects and mechanisms of protocatechuic acid (PCA), a major metabolite of BBE, for promoting autophagy and thus playing a neuroprotective role. MethodsAPP/PS1 mice were given 150 mg/kg BBE daily for 16 wk. Morphology of neurons was observed and autophagy-related proteins were detected. ResultsNeuron damage in morphology was reduced and the expression of autophagy-related proteins in APP/PS1 mice were promoted after BBE treatment. In vitro, Aβ25-35-induced cytotoxicity, including decreased neuron viability and increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase and reactive oxygen species, was effectively reversed by PCA. Furthermore, by adding autophagy inducers rapamycin and autophagy inhibitors Bafilomycin A1, it was verified that degradation of autophagosomes was upregulated and autophagy was promoted by PCA. ConclusionThis study elucidated the mechanism of BBE for reducing neuronal damage by promoting neuronal autophagy and proved PCA may be the main bioactive metabolite of BBE for neuroprotective effects, providing a basis for dietary intervention in AD.

Cardioprotective potency of anthocyanin-rich extract of red cabbage against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in experimental animals

Evaluation of cardioprotective effects of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq. Benth) Mimosaceae stem barkAdi K., Metowogo K., Mouzou A., Lawson-Evi P., Eklu-Gadegbeku K., Agbonon A., Lamboni C., Essien K., Aklikokou K., Gbeassor M.

The Influence of pH, Temperature and Time on Dyeing of Silk Fabric by Black Bean Anthocyanin-rich Extract as Colorant

Anthocyanins are natural dye substances that provide attractive colors from red to blue. However, large quantities of Anthocyanins have been found in wastewater from soaked black beans, resulting in environmental pollution. The utilization of theses wastewaters would therefore be an effective way of reducing environmental pollution, and the water could be used to dye silk fabric, displaying a more sustainable use of resources. In this paper, the effects of pH, temperature and time for dyeing of silk fabric were investigated. It was found that the optimum dyeing conditions were pH 3 at 60 oC for 60 min to achieve the best colors and the most effective color fastness on silk. Moreover, Anthocyanins were the potential to reduce 80% gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. These results improved our understanding of dyeing conditions using Anthocyanins in the wastewater from soaked black beans, which plays an important role in reducing pollution, reducing costs and improving the quality of the related dyeing fabric families.

Effect of Intake Duration of Anthocyanin-Rich New Zealand Blackcurrant Extract on Cardiovascular Responses and Femoral Artery Diameter during Sustained Submaximal Isometric Contraction

Seven-day intake of anthocyanins from New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract increased cardiac output and femoral artery diameter during a sustained submaximal isometric contraction. It is not known if there are intake duration effects by NZBC extract on the isometric contraction-induced cardiovascular responses. In a repeated measures design, male participants (n = 19, age: 26 ± 4 years) performed a 120-second submaximal (30%) isometric contraction of the knee extensors at baseline and following 1, 4 and 7-days intake of 600 mg·day−1 NZBC extract. During the 120-second submaximal isometric contraction, femoral artery diameter and cardiovascular responses were measured with ultrasound and beat-to-beat hemodynamic monitoring. Femoral artery was larger following 4-days (mean difference = 0.046 cm, 95% CI [0.012, 0.080], p = 0.005) and 7-days (mean difference = 0.078 cm, 95% CI [0.034, 0.123], p < 0.001) in comparison to baseline with no increase with 1-day intake. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and total peripheral resistance were not changed by NZBC extract at 1, 4 and 7-days intake. However, mean arterial pressure, stroke volume, cardiac output and total peripheral resistance were changed at time points during the isometric contraction following 7-days intake in comparison to 1-day intake of NZBC extract (p < 0.05). Alterations in femoral artery diameter and some cardiovascular responses during a submaximal sustained isometric contraction of the knee extensors are affected by the intake duration of New Zealand blackcurrant extract, with no effects by 1-day intake. Our observations suggest that the bioavailability of blackcurrant anthocyanins and anthocyanin-derived metabolites is required for days to alter the mechanisms for isometric-contraction induced cardiovascular responses.

Development of intelligent/active food packaging film based on TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose containing thymol and anthocyanin-rich purple potato extract for shelf life extension of shrimp

An intelligent and active film was developed based on 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC) containing thymol (THY) and anthocyanin-rich purple potato extract (ANT). The microstructure, thermal stability, water vapor permeability, mechanical property and UV protection performance of TOBC-based films were evaluated. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) results show the additions of THY and ANT bring about the uneven distribution of TOBC fibers with slightly increased surface roughness. Meanwhile, the introduction of THY and ANT could increase the thermal stability, UV protection and water vapor barrier property of TOBC with slightly decreased tensile strength. The prepared ANT exhibits a pH-sensitive activity, and it endows the fabricated TOBC/THY/ANT film with colorimetric response ability to volatile ammonia. TOBC/THY/ANT film also exhibits good antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Particular finding is that TOBC/THY/ANT film possesses simultaneously freshness real-time monitoring and good shrimp preservation abilities. The antioxidant, antibacterial and color response performances of TOBC/THY/ANT film were measured for three cycles in order to prove its recycling ability. These unique features of TOBC/THY/ANT film demonstrate the potential in commercial shrimp packaging with freshness real-time monitoring.

The Biomedical Functions and Related Mechanisms of Anthocyanin-Rich Extracts from Different Plant-Based Food

Anthocyanins are a group of natural edible functional pigments, which not only provide the attractive color for plant, but also generate biomedical functions on various chronic diseases. Dietary interventions of anthocyanins are being investigated extensively which are associated with the prevention of chronic disorders and diseases. This review has summarized the latest research on the biomedical functions (including cholesterol control, asthma inflammation inhibition, retinal cells and liver fibrosis protection) of anthocyanin extracts from various food-based plants. The mechanisms of anthocyanin biomedical activity were attributed by the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative properties, as well as the ability to regulate gene expression and metabolic pathways.

In vitro and in vivo inhibitory effect of anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract on α-glucosidase and α-amylase

The inhibition of glycosidase activity is regarded as an effective treatment for diabetes mellitus. Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruit has a high content of anthocyanins with various biological activities. The objective of this study was to investigate the inhibitory activity of anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract (BE) on α-glucosidase and α-amylase and their interaction mechanisms in vitro. The IC50 values of BE with regard to α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition were 0.31 ± 0.02 and 4.06 ± 0.12 mg/mL, respectively. The enzyme kinetics revealed that BE acts as a mixed-type inhibitor against α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Moreover, the fluorescence of two glucosidases showed significant quenching by BE. FTIR spectra and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that BE changed the enzyme structure and decreased its stability. A morphological observation of starch granules found that BE inhibited the activity of α-amylase to postpone the hydrolysis of starch. Furthermore, the in vivo study further showed that BE had a hypoglycaemic effect. The most suitable conformation (main anthocyanidins of BE) and optimal binding site (α-glucosidase, α-amylase) were assayed by molecular docking. In conclusion, this study revealed that BE could be a potential glycosidase inhibitor.

Chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol) intelligent films fortified with anthocyanins isolated from Clitoria ternatea and Carissa carandas for monitoring beverage freshness

Biodegradable chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol) films containing natural anthocyanin-rich extracts were prepared using solvent casting method and employed as intelligent indicators for monitoring beverages freshness. The surface and cross-sectional scanning electron micrograph indicated a compact structure for the intelligent films, whereas the atomic force micrograph indicated a 16.22 and 20.31 nm increase in surface roughness for Clitoria ternatea and Carissa carandas extract incorporated films, respectively. Moreover, the test films demonstrated enhanced radical scavenging efficacy. The extracts and anthocyanin incorporated films presented excellent colorimetric changes at pH 2 to 8. In addition, the C. ternatea test films showed changes in color for juice stored at 25 °C after 72 h. Photo-degradability results indicated stability of test films stored in dark at 4 °C and 25 °C, whereas leaching study indicated the release of ≤2.0% anthocyanin after 24 h. The cytocompatibilty assay showed that the test and control films were biocompatible with a viability of >80% on HaCat cells. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of anthocyanins-rich extracts into chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol) did not significantly interfere with the films properties (p > 0.05). The natural anthocyanin incorporated films demonstrated good pH sensing property that could be further explored for monitoring of beverages freshness.

Bioactive and pH-sensitive films based on carboxymethyl cellulose and blackberry (Morus nigra L.) anthocyanin-rich extract: A perspective coating material to improve the shelf life of cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme)

Abstract This study aimed to produce an innovative antioxidant and pH-sensitive film packaging based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and incorporating different amounts of blackberry (Morus nigra L.) anthocyanin rich-extract. The films were characterized and applied as a coating in the postharvest conservation of cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme) to demonstrate the effectiveness for food conservation. The results obtained demonstrated that the films presented considerable good physicochemical parameters, especially a low water solubility (below 15%) and high UV-blocking property (transmittance below 0.8%). The films presented high content of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins, increasing according to the addition of blackberry extract in the film formulation. Moreover, the controlled release of the active compounds indicated a constant profile between 2 and 240 h, which suggests a promising behavior for food conservation. Based on the presence of anthocyanins, the films changed the color according to the pH exposed, and then, can be classified as pH-sensitive packaging. The CMC films demonstrated positive behavior in the postharvest conservation of cherry tomato for 15 days of storage, maintaining constant fruit weight and firmness. In the sensorial attributes, the concentration of anthocyanin-rich extract used for the film formulation significantly affected visual acceptance. Beyond, the highest concentrations of extract negatively affected the purchase intention of cherry tomatoes. In conclusion, the biodegradable CMC films can release bioactive-antioxidant compounds and increase the shelf life of cherry tomatoes, and therefore, may be considered as a new alternative to packaging in food systems.

Changes in the content of metals of strawberry after preparation of phenolic-rich and anthocyanin-rich extracts for use in biomedicine and nutrition

Changes in the content of metals of strawberry after preparation of phenolic-rich and anthocyanin-rich extracts for use in biomedicine and nutrition

Anthocyanin-Rich Aronia Berry Extract Mitigates High-Fat and High-Sucrose Diet-Induced Adipose Tissue Inflammation by Inhibiting Nuclear Factor-κB Activation.

Obesity-induced inflammation in adipose tissue (AT) promotes the development of metabolic dysregulations by increasing macrophage recruitment in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF). The activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling in macrophages serves as a pivotal mediator of AT inflammatory responses by increasing the expression of proinflammatory genes in obesity. Given the purported anti-inflammatory effects of berry consumption in humans, we evaluated if anthocyanin-rich aronia berry extract (ARN) can prevent obesity-induced AT inflammation in vivo. We also examined whether ARN suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet, a high-fat (HF), and high-sucrose (HS) diet or HF/HS diet supplemented with 0.2% ARN (HF/HS + ARN) for 14 weeks. Compared to HF-/HS-fed mice, ARN supplementation tended to decrease fasting serum glucose (P = .07). Furthermore, ARN supplementation significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 in epididymal AT with a concomitant decrease in the expression of Cd11b and Tnfα mRNAs in epididymal SVF isolated, compared with those from HF-/HS-fed mice. Consistent with these in vivo findings, ARN treatment significantly decreased the phosphorylation of p65 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and BMDMs. Moreover, ARN suppressed LPS-induced mRNA expression of inflammation mediators (iNos, Cox-2, Tnfα, Mcp-1, and Il-6) and glycolysis markers (Glut1, G6pdh, and Hk1) in both cell types. Taken together, our in vivo and in vitro results suggest that ARN supplementation may attenuate obesity-induced AT inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB signaling and glycolytic pathway in macrophages.

Development and characterization of pH-sensitive and antioxidant edible films based on mung bean protein enriched with Echium amoenum anthocyanins

A novel active packaging system was developed based on mung bean protein incorporated with Echium amoenum extract. Different amounts of anthocyanin-rich extract (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% v/v) were added to the film-forming solutions and the films were characterized. The addition of anthocyanins increased the film thickness, water solubility, and water vapor permeability; however, the moisture content of the film was decreased. The tensile strength and elongation at break of films were also enhanced significantly by the addition of anthocyanins-rich extract. The color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) indicated remarkable changes after the incorporation of extract into the films. The scanning electron microscopy was utilized to investigate the surface and cross-sectional areas of the active films. The structural changes resulted from enriching with extract were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The antioxidant activity as well as the total phenolic content of active films was improved after the incorporation of anthocyanin-rich extract. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of active films on E. coli and S. aureus revealed that anthocyanin-containing films could inhibit bacterial growth. The film samples containing extract also showed different colors under different pH conditions. These findings suggested that these types of antioxidant films can be applied for food packaging application.

Utilization of Anthocyanins-Rich Extract from Banana Bract in the Green Synthesis of AgNPs with Anti-proliferative Potential

Utilization of Anthocyanins-Rich Extract from Banana Bract in the Green Synthesis of AgNPs with Anti-proliferative Potential

Identification of Anthocyanins and Their Fouling Mechanisms during Non-Thermal Nanofiltration of Blueberry Aqueous Extracts.

Organic fouling in the nanofiltration (NF) process, which is a non-thermal technology to recover active components, is a critical problem limiting its applications. This study seeks to identify the anthocyanins on the NF membrane and explore their fouling mechanisms during concentration of blueberry extracts. Seven kinds of monomeric anthocyanins in foulants—delphinidin-3-O-galactoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-arabinoside, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, petunidin-3-O-galactoside, peonidin-3-O-glucoside, and malvidin-3-O-glucoside—were identified. Moreover, chalcone, myricetin derivative, and an unknown substance with [M+H]+ at m/z 261.1309, which is the fragment ion corresponding to the break of glycoside bond of anthocyanins, were obtained. Interactions between anthocyanins and membrane made from polyamide were principally governed by the CH-π and π-π stacking of aromatic rings, the establishment of hydrogen bonds, and electrostatic interaction. This study will be helpful to further control fouling and choice of cleaning agents in concentration of anthocyanins-rich extracts.

Effect of Blueberry Anthocyanin-Rich Extracts on Peripheral and Hippocampal Antioxidant Defensiveness: The Analysis of the Serum Fatty Acid Species and Gut Microbiota Profile.

The current study investigated the positive effects of blueberry anthocyanin-rich extracts (BAE) on either peripheral or hippocampal antioxidant defensiveness and established the connection of the improved antioxidant status with the altered fatty acid species and gut microbiota profile. High-fat diet-induced oxidative stress in C57BL/6 mice was attenuated by BAE administration, which was reflected by strengthened antioxidant enzymes, alleviated hepatic steatosis, and improved hippocampal neuronal status. Serum lipidomics analysis indicated that the fatty acid species were altered toward the elevated unsaturated/saturated ratio, along with phospholipid species toward enriched n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid compositions. The modulated antioxidant pattern could be attributed to the increased bacteria diversity, stimulated probiotics (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers (Roseburia, Faecalibaculum, and Parabacteroides) improved by anthocyanins and their metabolites, which improved the colon environment, characterized by promoted SCFAs, restored colonic mucosa, and reorganized microbial structure. Thus, anthocyanin-rich dietary intervention is a promising approach for the defensiveness in human oxidative damage and neurodegeneration.

Screenning Bioactive Compounds from Allium sativum as HER2 Inhibitors Targeting Breast Cancer by Docking Methods

Screenning Bioactive Compounds from Allium sativum as HER2 Inhibitors Targeting Breast Cancer by Docking Methods

Characterization, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects of anthocyanins from Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. fruit

An anthocyanin-rich extract was obtained from Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. fruit, namely ANF, and its composition, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects were studied. Nine anthocyanins were identified from the ANF using UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS analysis, and cyanidin-3-[2′'-(6′''-coumaroyl)-glucosyl]-glucoside (C3G) is the most abundant anthocyanin (87.06%). ANF exhibited high ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and ABTS radical scavenging activity. The online HPLC-DPPH screening revealed that C3G contributed the highest antioxidant capacity. ANF showed potential neuroprotective effects by relieving d-Galactose-induced memory deficits, reducing overexpression of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and amyloid-beta42 (Aβ42) in the hippocampus of rats. Besides, ANF could inhibit oxidative stress by reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the hippocampus, while elevating amounts of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in the serum of rats. Thus, ANF has great potential in the development of food and health products related to antioxidant and neuroprotective effects.

The beneficial effect of an anthocyanin-rich extract from Portuguese blueberries on behavioral, molecular and cellular alterations in prenatal valproic acid-induced mice model of autism

The beneficial effect of an anthocyanin-rich extract from Portuguese blueberries on behavioral, molecular and cellular alterations in prenatal valproic acid-induced mice model of autism

The Protective Action of Rubus sp. Fruit Extract Against Oxidative Damage in Mice Exposed to Lipopolysaccharide.

Neuroinflammation is an event that occurs in several pathologies of brain. Rubus sp. (blackberry) is a powerful antioxidant fruit, and its extract has neuroprotective activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the blackberry extract properties on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation, in relation to oxidative parameters and acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain structures of mice. We also investigated interleukin-10 levels in serum. Mice were submitted to Rubus sp. extract treatment once daily for 14days. On the fifteenth day, LPS was injected in a single dose. LPS induced oxidative brain damage and the blackberry extract demonstrated preventive effects in LPS-challenged mice. LPS administration increased reactive oxygen species levels in the cerebral cortex and striatum, as well as lipid peroxidation in the cerebral cortex. However, the blackberry extract prevented all these parameters. Furthermore, LPS decreased thiol content in the striatum and hippocampus, while a neuroprotective effect of blackberry extract treatment was observed in relation to this parameter. The blackberry extract also prevented a decrease in catalase activity in all the brain structures and of superoxide dismutase in the striatum. An increase in acetylcholinesterase activity was detected in the cerebral cortex in the LPS group, but this activity was decreased in the Rubus sp. extract group. Serum IL-10 levels were reduced by LPS, and the extract was not able to prevent this change. Finally, we observed an antioxidant effect of blackberry extract in LPS-challenged mice suggesting that this anthocyanin-rich extract could be considered as a potential nutritional therapeutic agent for preventive damage associated with neuroinflammation.