Anisakis Research Articles

Epidemiological, morphological and molecular characterization of Anisakis simplex(sensu stricto) in Clupea harengus from Egypt.

Prevalence, morphological and molecular characterization of Anisakid larvae in smoked herring fish (Clupea harengus) from five governorates that represent Northern, Middle, and Southern Egypt which include; Menofia, Alexandrina, Qaliubiya, Sohag, and Assiut were elucidated in this study, smoked herring fish samples were collected from local markets during 2020, 384 positive (42.7%) out of 815 examined samples, the highest prevalence was observed in middle and southern Egypt (Sohag (139/230, 60.43%), and Menofiya (123/215, 57.20%), they were found to be naturally infected with Anisakis simplex larvae as free in peritoneal cavity, Based on morphological, morphometric by SEM, and molecular analyses of ITS-2 ribosomal DNA targeted gene and phylogenic analysis, these nematodes were identified as third- stage larvae of Anisakis simplex.

Use of a comprehensive diagnostic algorithm for Anisakis allergy in a high seroprevalence Mediterranean setting.

Background.Diagnosis of anisakis allergy (AA) is based on the skin prick test (SPT) and specific IgE (sIgE) determination. Anyway, false positivity cases are due to cross reactivity with numerous allergens. The aim of the study was to evaluate the reliability of a comprehensive diagnostic algorithm for the AA. Methods.An observational study was conducted on a sample of consecutive subjects accessing the allergology outpatient ambulatories of two hospitals located in Western Sicily. All the recruited outpatients were tested by Skin Prick Test performed using anisakis extracts by ALK-Abellò (Madrid, Spain). Specific IgE dosage for anisakis extracts was then performed by using ImmunoCAP250 (Immunodiagnostics Uppsala, Sweden). Consequently, outpatients who tested positive to first line tests underwent sIgE testing for ascaris and tropomyosin. Lastly, outpatients positive to the first line were invited to be further tested by basophil activation test (BAT) by using Flow CAST kit and anisakis commercial extract (Bühlmann Laboratories AG, Schönenbuch, Switzerland), as confirmatory analysis. Results.One hundred and eleven outpatients with an anamnesis suggestive of sensitization to anisakis (AS) and 466 subjects with chronic urticaria (CU) were recruited in the study. Of these, 22 with AS and 41 with CU showed a sensitization to anisakis allergens. The diagnostic algorithm revealed that 8.8% of outpatients who tested positive to sIgE determination were affected by CU, while 82.5% of all the sIgE positivity was related to cross-reactivity. Overall, a genuine anisakis seroprevalence of 2.3% was documented. Within a sub-sample of 15 subjects with clinical symptoms related to AA, n. 8 showed a real positivity after BAT. A greater response to A. pegreffii allergens as compared to A. simplex was reported. Conclusions.Our preliminary findings support the high clinical specificity of BAT for AA diagnosis, suggesting implementing this method in a comprehensive diagnostic algorithm.

Metazoan parasites of Plagioscion squamosissimus (Osteichthyes: Sciaenidae) of two rivers from the eastern Amazon (Brazil).

Plagioscion squamosissimus, commonly known as "white hake" or "corvina", is among the most commercially important fish in the Amazon and host to a great diversity of endoparasites. The aim of the present study was to compare the communities and infracommunities of metazoan parasites that infect P. squamosissimus in two rivers from the eastern Brazilian Amazon. A total of 75 specimens of P. squamosissimus were collected from Lago Grande do Curuái and the mouth of the Tapajós River. Morphological analysis revealed the presence of 16 parasite species, three myxozoans (Myxobolus sp., Ceratomyxa sp., Henneguya sp.), two trematodes (Austrodiplostomum compactum, Digenea gen. sp. (metacercariae), two monogeneans (Diplectanum sp., Euryhaliotrema sp.), three nematodes (Procamallanus (S.) sp., Anisakis sp., Pseudoproleptus sp. (larva), two acanthocephalans (Rhadinorhynchus plagioscionis and Neoechinorhynchus sp.), one Cestoda Ptychobothriidae gen. sp. and three crustaceans (Therodamas sp., Ergasilus sp., Dolops sp.). Six new records of parasites of P. squamosissimus were made, of which three were myxozoan species, one nematode species and two crustacean species. There were differences in the component communities of parasites of both rivers studied and these were discussed.

Impact of the “Anisakis C.Re.N.A.” APP

Impact of the “Anisakis C.Re.N.A.” APP

Anaphylaxis Induced by Anisakis.

Anaphylaxis Induced by Anisakis.

Análisis Epidemiológico de la anisakiasis y sus vinculaciones económicas y familiares en Venezuela y Latinoamérica

Recibido: 17 de mayo del 2018Aprobado: 19 de junio del 2018Para evaluar la situación epidemiológica de la enfermedad parasitaria “anisakiasis” a nivel mundial, en Latinoamérica y en Venezuela, través de la prevalencia de parásitos de la familia Anisakidae, en peces capturados en la costa occidental del Istmo de Médanos, estado Falcón, el efecto de la situación económica del país, así como, de las condiciones de las familias de los pescadores, habitantes del sector Pantano Abajo, municipio Miranda de Coro, quienes hacen frente a una situación de riesgo sanitario inminente. Se realizó una investigación descriptiva documental. Se encontró: alta prevalencia del parásito anisakis en el caribe venezolano y colombiano; la situación económica del país condiciona la explotación de pesquería artesanal asociada comercio informal en deplorables condiciones higiénico sanitarias, elevando el riesgo de: pescadores, su familia y consumidores a exponerse a la infestación.Probablementepescadores y consumidores sean huéspedes accidentales del parásito, por no contar recursos económicos que dificultan niveles de prevención.

A histological study of eosinophilic granuloma in mice following infestation with Anisakis larvae

Anisakidosis is a parasitic anthropozoonosis caused by the nematode larvae of the Anisakidae family. Anisakid nematodes belonging to the Anisakis pegreffii are highly prevalent in several fish species living in the Mediterranean sea. The larvae can accidentally infect humans following the ingestion of infected raw or undercooked sea fish. A migrating larva causes a clinical disease when it invades the stomach or intestinal wall and peritoneum, mimicking an eosinophilic gastroenteritis or an ulcer. In this preliminary experiment, the histopathology of the newly-formed parasitic granulomas in mice infested with third stage Anisakis pegreffii larvae, was studied and described. The larvae were morphologically identified as Anisakis type I by the presence of a boring tooth and a mucron, without ventriculus and caecum. The larval DNA was extracted and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). After PCR, the samples were processed to undergo restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP). This was done to scan the restriction profiles for genetic identification. PCR products were purified and sequenced. The sequences were analysed to detect the relationship between nucleotides and perform a phylogenetic analysis. The paraffin-embedded granuloma samples showed worms having a diameter of 0.55 mm x 0.37 mm, polymyarian muscle cells and a circular intestine. The histological profiles showed a primary lesion at the site of anisakid penetration marked by oedema and neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration. The presence of histiocytes or epithelioid histiocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, and plasma cells was also possible. Fibrinous exudation, hemorrhage, or vascular damage were detected within the first week of the acute intestine infection with a massive eosinophilic infiltration. Two weeks after the infestation, the infiltrating host cells formed a granuloma in the tissue surrounding the penetrated worm mainly consisting of eosinophils, a large number of fibroblasts and a varying number of admixed multinucleated giant cells. In order to explain the origin of the eosinophilic granulomas, a study into the produced substance attracting eosinophils and other host white blood cells to the area will carry out.

Inspective investigation on Atlantic pomfret (Brama raji)

The present study was carried out on 21 specimens of Brama raji collected at fish markets of Sicily and Calabria between april 2011 and march 2012. The detection of total Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrio spp. and Specific Spoilage Bacteria from gills, intestine, skin and muscle during storage (336h) was carried out. 34 Vibrio spp. (rpoA+) strains were isolated from gills and skin. The subsequent identification of species by multiplex PCR (gene collagenase) allowed to establish that 33 strains were V. alginolyticus and one was V. parahaemolyticus. The anatomopathological examination of muscle tissue showed that 15 specimens (71.x4%) were positive for the presence of larvae of Gymnorhynchus gigas. The determination of TVB-N and TMA-N was made on muscle portions around the parasite, on larvae of G. gigas and on muscle portions parasite-free. The TVB-N and TMA-N contents of each sample were measured using the Conway microdiffusion method. The higher values of TVB-N (31.6 mg/100g) and TMA-N (8.5 mg/100g) were observed at 336 hours of storage. No statistically significant differences between muscle parasite-free and muscle around the parasite for TVB-N and TMA-N were observed during storage. Parasites of genus Koellikeria filicollis, Sphiriocephalus tergestinus and Anisakis spp. were also observed.

MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF ANISAKID NEMATODES IN FISHES OF NORTHERN SARDINIAN SEA

The authors report results of analysis carried out during 2008-2010 for identification and molecular characterization of larval Anisakis nematodes isolated from fishes of the northern Sardinian sea.

FISH INFESTED WITH ANISAKIS SPP.: INSPECTION BEHAVIOUR IN TERMS OF REG. (CE) N. 1069/2009

The inspection behaviour on the fish infested with Anisakis spp., under Regulation (CE) n.1774/2002, was always discordant among those who considered him as a secondary product of category 1 and those who categorize like 2. In near future, Regulation (CE) n.1069/2009 will define that the parasitic diseases are to be included in zoonoses to make attention and definitively poses fish infested with Anisakis in category 1 material.

Anaphylaxis induced by anisakis

Anaphylaxis induced by anisakis

Anisakid infection in the European shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis aristotelis.

A total of 100 specimens of the European shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis aristotelis were examined for anisakid infections in the south-east North Atlantic. The taxonomic status of the anisakid nematodes was studied by structural analysis using light and scanning electron microscopy. Two species, Contracaecum septentrionale and C. rudolphii A (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea), occurred in the European shag with high values of prevalence and mean intensities of infection. These constitute new host records for both parasites, widening their known geographical distribution. Although the histopathology associated with the infections indicated that the anisakids did not have the potential to cause bird death, the parasites are capable of contributing to and hastening avian mortality in the case of heavily-parasitized cormorants and when stressed by xenobiotics and/or through a synergetic effect by other bioagressors.

Is tropomyosin an allergen in Anisakis?

AllergyVolume 55, Issue 9 p. 898-898 Is tropomyosin an allergen in Anisakis?† J. A. Asturias, J. A. Asturias Bial-ArÕsteguiResearch and Development DepartmentAlameda Urquijo, 2748008-BilbaoSpainTel. +34-94 443 8000Fax:+34-94 443 8016E-mail: la.bial@sarenet.esSearch for more papers by this authorE. Eraso, E. Eraso Bial-ArÕsteguiResearch and Development DepartmentAlameda Urquijo, 2748008-BilbaoSpainTel. +34-94 443 8000Fax:+34-94 443 8016E-mail: la.bial@sarenet.esSearch for more papers by this authorI. Moneo, I. Moneo Bial-ArÕsteguiResearch and Development DepartmentAlameda Urquijo, 2748008-BilbaoSpainTel. +34-94 443 8000Fax:+34-94 443 8016E-mail: la.bial@sarenet.esSearch for more papers by this authorA. Martínez, A. Martínez Bial-ArÕsteguiResearch and Development DepartmentAlameda Urquijo, 2748008-BilbaoSpainTel. +34-94 443 8000Fax:+34-94 443 8016E-mail: la.bial@sarenet.esSearch for more papers by this author J. A. Asturias, J. A. Asturias Bial-ArÕsteguiResearch and Development DepartmentAlameda Urquijo, 2748008-BilbaoSpainTel. +34-94 443 8000Fax:+34-94 443 8016E-mail: la.bial@sarenet.esSearch for more papers by this authorE. Eraso, E. Eraso Bial-ArÕsteguiResearch and Development DepartmentAlameda Urquijo, 2748008-BilbaoSpainTel. +34-94 443 8000Fax:+34-94 443 8016E-mail: la.bial@sarenet.esSearch for more papers by this authorI. Moneo, I. Moneo Bial-ArÕsteguiResearch and Development DepartmentAlameda Urquijo, 2748008-BilbaoSpainTel. +34-94 443 8000Fax:+34-94 443 8016E-mail: la.bial@sarenet.esSearch for more papers by this authorA. Martínez, A. Martínez Bial-ArÕsteguiResearch and Development DepartmentAlameda Urquijo, 2748008-BilbaoSpainTel. +34-94 443 8000Fax:+34-94 443 8016E-mail: la.bial@sarenet.esSearch for more papers by this author First published: 05 April 2002 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2000.00734.xCitations: 52Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume55, Issue9September 2000Pages 898-898 RelatedInformation

Gastric nodules caused by "Anisakis type" larvae in the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus).

Gastric nodules caused by "Anisakis type" larvae in the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus).

A case of Anisakis sp. infection in a brown bear from Alaska

A case of Anisakis sp. infection in a brown bear from Alaska