Field-scale isotope tracing reveals combined organic fertilizer-antibiotic effects in amplifying antimicrobial resistance in the soil-lettuce continuum.

A recombinant goat pox virus expressing the Brucella OMP25 antigen conferring moderate protection against B. abortus in mice.

Bisphenol A exposure disrupts the circadian clock system and impairs glycolipid metabolic function in mice liver.

Surveillance of tick-borne pathogens is important to inform risks to human and animal health. Through active surveillance, we have detected the continued presence of both Babesia odocoilei since its first detection in 2019 and Babesia microti in British Columbia (BC). Tick drag sampling was conducted across four regions of the province using a protocol developed by the Canadian Lyme Sentinel Network. Captured ticks were identified morphologically, and pathogens were tested for Borrelia species, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia species, and Powassan virus. B. odocoilei was detected in four Ixodes pacificus nymphs, and B. microti was detected in two Ixodes angustus ticks (1 nymph and 1 female). B. odocoilei and B. microti continue to be detected in BC ticks. Ongoing surveillance and monitoring of tick populations in BC is essential to characterize the emergence and spread of tick-borne pathogens in the province.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in livestock is a growing global health concern with important implications for food security, human and animal health. However, the spatial distribution and determinants of AMR in livestock systems remain insufficiently characterised. This study examined spatial patterns and contributions of selected AMR drivers in livestock AMR, using data from the ResistanceBank database, which encompasses livestock species, bacterial pathogens, and antimicrobial categories. This study included all data compiled in the Resistancebank database, including prevalence studies published between 2000 and 2021 and 33,186 resistance data points compiled from 93 countries. Spatial dependence was evaluated using Global and Local Moran's I statistics, while the influence of livestock species, pathogens, and antimicrobial classes was analysed using beta regression and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) machine learning models. The spatial analysis includes only countries listed in the Resistancebank database and displays them. Global Moran's I revealed significant positive spatial autocorrelation in AMR proportions (I = 0.1911, p = 0.0246; Z-score = 1.9676, expected I = - 0.0127), indicating geographic clustering of resistance. High-high clusters were identified across South and East Asia, the Middle East, parts of Sub-Saharan Africa, and South America, whereas low-low clusters occurred in Southern Africa, Southeast Asia, and several European regions. Beta regression showed that cattle (β = -0.5953, p = 0.0263) and sheep (β = -0.7873, p = 0.0034) contributed less to AMR variation than buffalo, whereas highly important antimicrobials were associated with increased proportions of resistance (β = 0.3365, p < 0.0001). The XGBoost model demonstrated slightly better predictive performance (Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) = 0.3428) than beta regression (RMSE = 0.3471). These findings reveal pronounced spatial clustering of AMR in livestock and underscore the need for strengthened global surveillance, improved antimicrobial stewardship and integrated One Health strategies to mitigate the spread of AMR.

Identification and rational engineering of a novel zearalenone-degrading enzyme from Fonsecaea erecta.

Molecular evidence of co-infections with Anaplasma and Theileria species in domestic sheep and goats from Alentejo, Portugal.

Advances in rapid microbiological testing for animal diseases: A review.

Biotechnology advances and the parasitology paradigm: From genomes to multi-omics and translation.

First nationwide assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to tick-borne diseases among livestock farmers in Bangladesh.

Dietary fiber (DF) in poultry nutrition was once viewed mainly as an anti-nutritional factor that reduced energy density and nutrient digestibility. Current research shows DF can play important functional roles in gut health, nutrient utilization, and overall performance when its type and inclusion level are carefully managed. Fiber fractions differ widely in chemical composition and physical properties such as solubility, water-holding capacity, and water-binding capacity. These factors influence digesta viscosity, passage rate, microbial fermentation, and satiety, making precise fiber characterization critical for effective diet formulation. Traditional methods like crude fiber analysis underestimate total fiber and miss key soluble fractions. Modern approaches, including total dietary fiber analysis and near-infrared spectroscopy allow for better quantification of both insoluble and soluble components and support incorporation into real-time feed formulation. By understanding and targeting specific non-starch polysaccharides or oligosaccharides, nutritionists can promote beneficial fermentation, encourage short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and minimize undesirable protein fermentation or pathogen growth. Dietary fiber also supports intestinal barrier function by stimulating gut development, increasing villus height, and fueling epithelial cells through SCFAs. However, poorly balanced fiber can impair nutrient absorption, increase maintenance energy needs, or elevate digesta viscosity, particularly in young birds. Monitoring gut health is now possible by using biomarkers as tools to evaluate intestinal integrity, inflammation, and microbial balance as we investigate the impact of dietary fiber, but further work is needed to standardize these measures and account for flock variability When properly applied, DF can enhance feed efficiency, improve welfare by reducing hunger-driven behaviors, support reproductive performance, and strengthen disease resilience. A data-driven, precision approach combining accurate fiber analysis, enzyme supplementation, microbiome profiling, and non-invasive gut health biomarkers offers the greatest potential to optimize both productivity and sustainability in poultry systems. The purpose of this symposium was to stimulate discussion and enhance understanding of dietary fiber and its potential benefits in improving poultry production. This paper provides an overview of each contributing author's role in the symposium. Dr. Caitlin Evans addressed the challenges associated with current fiber nomenclature and emphasized the need to improve analytical methods and overall understanding of fiber. She brings strong credibility to this topic as a Technical Manager for Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Feed Milling Engineer at AB Vista, and as a Ph.D. graduate of Kansas State University. Dr. Amy Petry shared her expertise on the impact of fiber in swine nutrition and how these findings can be applied to poultry. She is an Assistant Professor in the Division of Animal Sciences at the University of Missouri, where her research focuses on improving fiber utilization and its effects on energy efficiency and animal health. Dr. Tim Johnson, Professor in the Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences at the University of Minnesota, highlighted the importance of understanding the poultry microbiome and its role in developing strategies to enhance bird performance. Dr. Mike Kogut contributed his expertise as a Research Microbiologist and Lead Scientist with the Food and Feed Safety Research Unit at the Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center. Finally, Dr. Carrie Walk, Head of Research at AB Vista, along with Dr. Tara York, AB Vista's Technical Director for North America, integrated the key themes of the symposium, connecting the presented research and practical applications.

Cryptosporidiosis is an emerging worldwide zoonosis caused by an opportunistic protozoon, Cryptosporidium spp. In Tunisia, the lack of knowledge on the occurrence and genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp. limits the understanding of its epidemiology, impact and transmission routes. The present review aims to collect, compile and summarise data on the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. infections in humans, animals and the environment contamination in Tunisia. A systematic review was conducted across international databases using PRISMA 2020 Guidelines. Data from 15 selected studies were extracted and organised into thematic categories, including prevalence rates, risk factors, diagnostic methods, and population groups affected. A qualitative synthesis approach was used to analyse and compare findings across studies, highlighting trends, gaps, and public health implications. The publications indicate that Cryptosporidium spp. infections are prevalent in both humans and animals, but the results remain confusing and may not reflect the real impact of the disease. In animals, only three studies were conducted in livestock and poultry. Only Cryptosporidium parvum (IIa and IId) was identified in the three studies from adult asymptomatic animals. Therefore, this finding may not reveal the true impact of the parasite on animal health. In humans, all studies were conducted in hospitals on adult and child patients diagnosed with either cancer or immunodeficiency. Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis were by far the predominant species suggesting potential zoonotic and anthroponotic transmission routes in humans. Of the two studies conducted on wastewater, five Cryptosporidium species (C. parvum, C. hominis, Cryptosporidium meleagridis, Cryptosporidium muris, Cryptosporidium andersoni, Cryptosporidium ubiquitum) and three genotypes were identified, highlighting the potential role of water as a potential route of Cryptosporidium spp. The current review give an overview of the circulating Cryptosporidium spp. species and genotypes but they remain insufficient to fully understand the transmission dynamics, zoonotic potential and animal welfare implications of Cryptosporidium spp. in Tunisia.

Nano-selenium alleviates the pyroptosis and inflammation of ST cells induced by deoxynivalenol via ROS/NF-κB/NLRP3 axis.

Establishment of a broiler jejunal organoid model based on optimized activators or optimized two-step media and its assessment.

Development of a CRISPR-Cas13a assay for mouse hepatitis virus detection.

Porcine CD161 promotes Japanese encephalitis virus entry: a potential host-directed antiviral target.

Small-scale livestock farms play an important role in food security and are often associated with lower levels of biosecurity, thereby increasing the risk of disease introduction and spread, which compromises both animal and public health. Establishing a clear legal framework for biosecurity could help ensure the consistent adoption of preventive measures on these farms. However, little is known about how biosecurity is regulated for small-scale farms across Europe, and on how these farms are defined at national level. This study aimed to map the biosecurity measures that are mandated for small-scale pig, poultry and cattle farms by national legislation and to identify the criteria used to define small-scale farms. Species-specific questionnaires covering pre-listed biosecurity measures were distributed to national experts, and validated information was obtained from 19 European countries. The results showed considerable heterogeneity: most countries lack a clear definition of small-scale farms, with categorization most frequently based on the purpose of animal keeping rather than the number of animals. Biosecurity measures were mandated by national legislation for small-scale farms, but were rarely tailored to the production systems, instead being applied uniformly to all holdings of a given species. Furthermore, regular assessment of biosecurity implementation was mandatory in around half of the small-scale farm types. These findings highlight legislative gaps and inconsistencies that limit the ability to design proportionate, risk-based approaches for small-scale farms. More targeted policies are needed including clear definitions and adapted biosecurity requirements. Otherwise, small-scale farm types continue to be overlooked in Europe's biosecurity framework.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered one of the greatest challenges to global health and a direct threat to human, animal, and environmental health. Thus, the objective of this survey was to characterise the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Enterobacterales isolated from Gallus gallus domesticus (commercial laying hens [CLH] and free-range hens [FRH]) in the Caatinga biome. Cloacal swabs were collected from 165 CLH and 165 FRH in the states of Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte, covered by the Caatinga biome. Bacterial isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed, and phenotypic and genotypic detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and cephamycins (AmpC) was carried out, as well as multidrug resistance (MDR) was calculated. Enterobacterales were detected in 92.1% CLH and in 100% FRH. Escherichia coli was the most frequent isolate, followed by Klebsiella spp. CLH showed higher MDR indices (45.4% with MAR ≥ 0.2) and a higher prevalence of resistance genes, including blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-8, and blaCMY-2. In FRH, MDR was less frequent (18% with MAR ≥ 0.2), but resistance genes were also detected. In Caatinga biome conditions, CLH demonstrated higher frequency of carrying resistant bacteria, reflecting the intensive management of commercial poultry farming. However, FRH, through contact with the environment and other animals, also represent potential reservoirs of MDR Enterobacterales and associated genes.

A novel Bacillaceae bacterium enhances phytoprotection and mercury detoxification in contaminated soils.

Utilization of aqueous distillate and solid residue fractions derived from zero-waste Hydrodistillation of Zanthoxylum myriacanthum wall. ex Hook. f. for improving broiler immunity and intestinal functions.