Acquired ear deformities can arise from various causes, including trauma, burns, cancer resection, and animal bites. This article presents a case of delayed ear reconstruction in a 30-year-old Caucasian female who suffered a traumatic partial ear amputation of the middle helix due to a horse bite. The reconstruction involved a 3-step surgical procedure: implantation of a tissue expander, reconstruction using an autologous septal cartilage graft, and recreation of the retroauricular sulcus. The tissue expander was inserted through a small incision, and inflation was performed over several weeks to create adequate skin coverage. Following the expansion, septoplasty was conducted to resect the deviated septum, and the cartilage was secured and covered with the expanded skin flap. A skin graft was later harvested from the inguinal groove to enhance the retroauricular sulcus. The postoperative period was uneventful, resulting in a satisfactory and stable outcome. This case highlights the effectiveness of using septal cartilage grafts and tissue expansion as viable options for delayed partial ear reconstruction, particularly in cases where traditional methods may pose higher risks of complications.

Introduction Rabies being highly fatal disease can be prevented by timely and prompt post- exposure prophylaxis. Still many people are delaying in taking PEP due to many reasons. Understanding the sociodemographic of people delaying it and spatial analysis of bite cases can lead to targeted intervention in One health approach. Method A hospital- based cross- sectional study among all animal bite patients attending anti- rabies clinic of tertiary care- centre by universal sampling technique from the period of November- December 2024. Results Among all cases included, 61.8% were males, 85.2% had category III bite indicating severe and prompt PEP administration. 78% cases were from urban residence within the district and within 10 km of area. Nearly equal number of cases caused by both pet (46%) and stray (47%) animal. QGIS analysis shows 3 hotspots and the clinic caters to a wide geographical area. Conclusion Salient findings were majority of dog bite both pet and stray being equally distributed, category III cases among adult males within the district. Spatial analysis shows unique hotspots for targeted interventions, strengthen surveillance and reporting. Keywords Animal bite cases, ARV clinic, Geospatial analysis

Abstract Design, setting and outcomes This is a retrospective cohort study of 307 adult patients presenting with upper limb animal bites to a UK tertiary plastic surgery unit conducted between January 2023 and January 2025. Primary outcomes were length of stay, requirement for formal debridement in theatre and escalation beyond initial management plan: delayed admission, readmission or conversion from nonoperative to operative management. Results Multivariable models included age, delay in initial debridement, anatomical site, co-morbidities and antibiotic regime. Significant predictors of longer admission included increasing age (P < 0.001), delay in initial debridement (P = 0.003), and treatment with non-penicillin-based antibiotics (P = 0.010). The incidence of surgical debridement was significantly increased by age (P = 0.002), delay in initial debridement (P = 0.020) and treatment with non-penicillin-based antibiotics (P = 0.022). Treatment with non-penicillin-based antibiotics significantly increased the likelihood of escalation beyond initial management plan (P = 0.001). Patients receiving non-penicillin-based antibiotics (n = 35, 11%) had a 27% longer admissions, were nearly three times more likely to require formal debridement in theatre and were seven times more likely to require escalation beyond initial management plan. The mean per-patient cost was £547 when treated with co-amoxiclav and £1288 when treated with non-penicillin-based alternatives. Conclusions and relevance In adults with upper extremity animal bites, older age, delay to initial debridement and treatment with non-penicillin-based antibiotics were associated with worse clinical outcomes. These findings support prioritising timely debridement and identify patient-reported penicillin allergy as a potentially modifiable factor with clinical and economic consequences.

Animal bites are a significant public health challenge in India, accounting for 36% of global rabies deaths. The National Action Plan for Dog Mediated Rabies Elimination (NAPRE) outlines a multisectoral strategy to achieve elimination by 2030. Understanding bite demographics is crucial key to a One Health approach. This study aims to examines stray and pet bite profiles in Mumbai, focusing on bite characteristics and sociodemographic patterns. A cross-sectional study using record-based secondary data was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai. Data were collected for all animal bite cases from May 2022 to April 2023. Sociodemographic and bite characteristics were analyzed using descriptive and chi-square tests to assess associations. Of 4,186 bite cases, 80% involved strays and 19.8% pet bites. Males comprised 78.6%, and 40.3% were aged 20–40 years. Category 3 bites accounted for 79.7%. Dog bites (86.2%) showed a significant association with bite type (p < 0.01). Unprovoked bites were significantly more common among strays (87.3%) than pets (74.7%) (p < 0.01). Pet bites were significantly more likely to be observable (65% vs. 22%, p < 0.01). Bite type was significantly associated with gender, animal type, provocation, and observability, but not with age or residence. Findings highlight a higher burden of severe, unprovoked, and unobservable bites from stray animals in urban areas. Strengthening surveillance systems, ensuring mass dog vaccination, and promoting responsible pet ownership and animal health awareness are crucial to rabies control. Improved observability and timely reporting can enhance post-exposure care and reduce risks of animal bite.

Home-based workers in Thailand, such as those engaged in longan peeling, wooden furniture production, and craft paper lantern making, face multiple occupational health hazards. However, evidence on the associations between specific hazards and health outcomes in this vulnerable group remains limited. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 575 home-based workers. Data were collected through the "Healthy i-Work" web application and analyzed using logistic regression. Occupational hazards and self-reported health outcomes were systematically assessed. The most frequently reported hazards included awkward postures (59.7%), unstable income (52.9%), use of sharp tools or machinery (51.3%), and dust exposure (45.9%). Musculoskeletal disorders were the most common adverse health outcome (69.6%), followed by fatigue, numbness, eye strain, and stress. Logistic regression analysis showed significant associations between ergonomic hazards and musculoskeletal pain; psychosocial hazards and stress-related symptoms; dust and chemical exposure and respiratory or skin symptoms; noise exposure and hearing impairment; heat exposure and heat-related symptoms; and insect or animal bites and infection-related symptoms. Home-based workers are exposed to diverse occupational hazards that significantly impact their physical and psychological health. These results highlight the urgent need for occupational health interventions and preventive strategies tailored to informal work settings. The findings emphasize the importance of developing practical workplace safety measures, providing ergonomic and protective equipment, and strengthening inclusive social protection policies. Occupational health professionals and policymakers should prioritize interventions that reduce risks, promote worker well-being, and safeguard the health of informal home-based workers.

Rabies remains a fatal yet preventable zoonotic disease in Nepal, particularly in the Terai region where human-animal conflict is frequent. This study analyzes the epidemiological patterns of animal bites and evaluates the timeliness and completeness of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) administration in Kapilvastu District to guide local public health interventions. A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from the anti-rabies vaccine register of Kapilvastu Hospital from 1 June 2022 to 31 May 2023. All recorded animal bite victims (N = 2,853) were included. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize demographics and exposure patterns. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with delayed PEP initiation (> 24 h after exposure). The study recorded 2,853 animal bite cases, predominantly males (64.5%) and children aged 0–10 years (31.4%). Dogs were responsible for the vast majority of bites (91.6%). While the PEP completion rate for the full three-dose intradermal regimen was high (93.6%), a critical delay in treatment initiation was observed; only 14.1% of victims received their first dose on the day of exposure. Multivariate analysis revealed that victims residing in municipalities outside the district headquarters had significantly higher odds of delaying treatment (AOR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.22–1.80). Adolescents (11–20 years) were also more likely to delay PEP compared to younger children (AOR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.07–1.70), whereas victims with high-risk bites (head/neck/hand) sought care more promptly (AOR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.62–0.95). Although vaccine coverage and completion rates in Kapilvastu are commendable, the dangerous delay in initial treatment remains a critical gap in rabies prevention. Public health interventions must specifically target adolescents and remote communities to emphasize the urgency of immediate PEP, regardless of wound severity or distance to healthcare facilities.

Effectiveness of rabies immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies infiltrated into animal bite wounds after dilution: Real-world evidence from an anti-rabies clinic in India.

Rabies is a uniformly fatal but vaccine-preventable disease. In India, the standard 4-session intradermal rabies post-exposure prophylaxis is currently administered. The World Health Organization has recommended a shortened 3-session regimen. Pediatric and adolescent-specific data for this abbreviated protocol remain sparse. To evaluate the immunogenicity of the 3-session intradermal rabies post-exposure prophylaxis regimen among children and adolescents under 18 years of age in India and to assess its adequacy for potential policy adoption. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Animal Bite Clinic of a tertiary teaching hospital in New Delhi, India. Eighty-two children and adolescents presenting for the 4th rabies vaccine dose were enrolled. Blood samples were collected before administration of the fourth dose, and IgG anti-rabies virus glycoprotein antibody values were estimated using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Values ≥0.5 EU/mL were considered seroprotective. Participants were followed up for 1 year for any development of rabies. Of the 82 participants, 79 (96.3%) had seroprotective values. The geometric mean value was 2.67 EU/mL. Three participants (3.7%) had values <0.5 EU/mL. Follow-up assessment post-4th dose confirmed seroconversion in 2 of them. The use and type of rabies immunoglobulin had no significant effect on seroconversion. No participants developed rabies over a 1-year follow-up. Although seroconversion was achieved in 96.3% of participants after 3 sessions, the 3.7% with nonprotective values raise concerns. Given the fatal nature of rabies and infrastructural variability in Indian healthcare, continuation of the 4-session regimen is recommended until broader validation is conducted in a representative pediatric population via multicentric studies.

Rabies is a preventable zoonotic disease, yet timely and complete post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) remains a major operational challenge in endemic countries. Compliance to the full vaccination schedule is critical for ensuring protection against rabies virus following category II and III exposures. A prospective observational study was conducted at the Anti-Rabies Clinic, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Bengaluru, India, among all animal bite victims attending for PEP between October 2021 to December 2022. Data on socio-demographics, exposure characteristics, health-seeking behavior, vaccination compliance, and reasons for drop-out were collected using a structured case record form. Compliance was defined as completing all five doses of intramuscular anti-rabies vaccine according to the Essen regimen. A total of 735 animal bite victims were enrolled; 80.4% completed the full vaccination course. Compliance declined progressively from 100% for the first dose to 93.7% for the second, 86.4% for the third, 82.3% for the fourth, and 80.4% for the fifth dose. The main reasons for drop-out were negligence (27.7%), work-related timing conflicts (26.3%), forgotten dates (22.9%), long travel distance (13.2%), and school timing conflicts (9.7%). Compliance with the 5-dose intramuscular anti-rabies vaccination schedule was suboptimal, with early-dose attrition as the main gap. Addressing behavioral barriers such as negligence and forgetfulness, alongside structural challenges like work-timing conflicts, is critical. Strengthening reminder systems and improving service accessibility within national programs could markedly enhance adherence and contribute to achieving zero human rabies deaths. Rabies is almost always fatal once symptoms appear, but it is preventable with prompt, complete post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). In India, ensuring bite victims finish vaccination is a public-health priority. We followed 735 animal-bite victims at a tertiary-care anti-rabies clinic to assess completion. Among those who presented, nearly all started PEP on the day of presentation; however, 19.6% did not complete the full 5-dose schedule. The main reasons for drop-out were negligence, work or school conflicts, and travel distance. We also examined which groups were more likely to miss doses and found higher non-completion among rural residents and people from lower socio-economic backgrounds. Targeted reminders, brief counselling, and easier clinic access could improve completion and help India meet its rabies-elimination goals by 2030.

Background: First aid is a vital life-saving skill, particularly in schools where children are vulnerable to injuries and medical emergencies. Teachers, as the immediate responders, play a crucial role in ensuring timely assistance and child safety. Aims: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of first aid among school teachers in Karur district, Tamil Nadu and to identify factors influencing their performance. Methodology: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 440 school teachers selected through multistage random sampling. Data were collected using a validated, semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS version 21.0 using appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean age of participants was 37.5±8.9 years and 85.5% were female. Overall, 57.3% reported prior first aid training. Good knowledge was observed in 54.5% of teachers, with higher knowledge regarding breathing difficulty (84.5%) and animal bites (71.1%), but lower for severe bleeding (15.5%) and epilepsy (28%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for potential confounders, only training status was significantly associated with knowledge (aOR 1.95, 95% CI 1.29–2.94). Good practice was reported by only 19.3% of teachers; postgraduate education and non-science subject specialization were independent predictors of good practice. Conclusions: More than half of the teachers had good knowledge, but correct practice was notably poor, showing a knowledge-practice gap. Regular, structured and hands-on training programs, supported by adequate resources in schools, are essential to enhance preparedness in managing emergencies.

Rabies remains a significant public health threat in Nigeria despite the availability of effective vaccines. Understanding spatial patterns of exposure and the protective effect of canine vaccination is essential for targeted control. We conducted a retrospective spatio-temporal analysis of routine rabies surveillance data from Kaduna State, Nigeria, covering January 2024 to March 2025. Data included animal bite incidents, vaccination status of biting animals, bite characteristics, and laboratory rabies confirmation outcomes. Temporal trends were assessed weekly and monthly. Spatial clustering was evaluated at the Local Government Area (LGA) level using Global Moran’s I, Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA), and Getis–Ord Gi* statistics. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated among animals with known vaccination status by comparing the risk of laboratory-confirmed rabies between vaccinated and unvaccinated animals using relative risk and multivariable logistic regression adjusting for animal sex and bite provocation. A total of 153 animal bite incidents were recorded across all 23 LGAs, with dogs accounting for 98.7% of cases. Vaccination coverage among biting animals was 69.3%, and 5.9% were laboratory-confirmed rabid. Significant spatial hotspots of rabies exposure were identified in Zaria (Gi* = 2.31, p = 0.02) and Jema’a (Gi* = 2.05, p = 0.04), while global spatial autocorrelation was not significant (Moran’s I = -0.15, p = 0.80). Rabies was confirmed in 1.9% of vaccinated animals compared with 14.9% of unvaccinated animals, corresponding to a crude vaccine effectiveness of 87.5%. After adjustment, vaccination was associated with an 88% reduction in the odds of rabies (adjusted odds ratio = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.02–0.59; p = 0.01). Canine rabies vaccination was strongly protective under routine field conditions in Kaduna State. The identification of localized spatial hotspots highlights the need for geographically targeted vaccination and strengthened surveillance to support rabies elimination efforts.

Background: Bite wounds from animals that transmit rabies are often treated by physician in the emergency room, but sometimes they still require consultation with a Plastic Surgery Specialist for further treatment. In this study, we present retrospective data on animal bites that transmit rabies at RSD Gunung Jati, Cirebon. Objective: To describe the number of data on patients bitten by animals transmitting rabies in the emergency room at RSD Gunung Jati Cirebon in 2019-2023. Method: Descriptive retrospective study by looking at medical record data of new patients bitten by rabies-infecting animals in the emergency room at RSD Gunung Jati Cirebon in 2019-2023. Results: The number of new patients with bites from rabies-infecting animals in the ER at RSD Gunung Jati Cirebon in 2019-2023 was 410 patients. The largest distribution was in the 30-59 year age group, namely 163 people (39.80%) and there were more male patients than female patients (51.22%). A total of 211 cases of bites were cat (51.46%). The most common injury conditions were mild risk injuries, amounting to 293 people (71.46%). The mostfrequent bite locations were on the upper extremities, 208 people (50.73%). The most common diagnosis was lowrisk animal bite wounds and received debridement + VAR treatment in 409 cases (99.76%). Conclusion: There were 410 new patients with bites from rabies-transmitting animals at RSD Gunung Jati Cirebonin 2019-2023, 293 patients with mild risk injuries, 117 patients with high risk injuries, and 7 patients on craniofacial bite locations.

Rabies remains one of the oldest known fatal diseases. It was established as early as ancient times that the virus is transmitted through the bites of infected animals. The situation concerning dangerous infectious diseases, including those with natural reservoirs like rabies, requires ongoing epizootiological monitoring. Eliminating the incidence of such natural focal diseases is extremely difficult, as their pathogens persist within these environmental reservoirs. The most effective and optimal method for preventing rabies in wildlife is oral vaccination. This involves distributing edible vaccine baits in the habitats of wild animals. This article outlines specific features of implementing rabies prevention measures for wildlife within a city of federal significance.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: India faces a growing challenge of an increasing stray dog population and bite incidents, leading to donor deferrals. As incidence of bite-related deferrals is rapidly rising among the top primary causes of temporary donor deferrals, this trend poses a risk to an already constrained donor pool. Deferrals frequently lead to donor attrition, hence, understanding its impact is critical for blood supply management. AIMS: To analyze prevalence, trends, and impact of antirabies vaccination (ARV) following animal bite-related donor deferrals in a tertiary care hospital blood center in Delhi from January 2021 to April 2025. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective observational study conducted on blood donor deferrals due to ARV. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were extracted from donor screening logs and compared with hospital emergency room/outpatient departments (ER/OPD) records of patients postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) with ARV during the same period. Trends in ARV-related deferrals were calculated and compared with % PEP-ARV cases in ER/OPD. RESULTS: During this period, 68,296 donors registered at our blood center, of whom 7094 (10.4%) were deferred for not meeting eligibility criteria. Among these, 528 (7.7%) were temporarily deferred due to ARV. The ARV-related deferral rate showed an alarming rise of 189.5% (3.8% in 2021–11% by April 2025), correlating with the rising number of PEP-ARV cases in the ER/OPD. Notably, only 1.32% of these returned for subsequent donation, indicating substantial donor attrition. CONCLUSION: ARV-related deferrals are rising and significantly impacting donor retention. Revising deferral policies, enhancing public awareness, and integrating bite surveillance with donor data are essential to maintain the blood supply and address this growing concern.

Rabid animal bites are a medical emergency, requiring immediate post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to prevent human deaths. This study modeled geographical accessibility to health facilities stocking rabies vaccines and assessed the impact of optimizing vaccine placement within a rural Kenyan healthcare network. We used geocoordinates of Kenyan health facilities from an open-access inventory and identified those stocking PEP in Makueni County. Using population distribution data and a travel time friction surface, we estimated travel times to all health facilities, including those stocking PEP. We assessed the proportion of the population within 30 min, 1, 1.5, 2, and >2 h of these facilities. We further used dog-bite data from contact-tracing studies (2017-2021) to estimate the shortest distance and travel time for patients accessing PEP. Two-thirds (66.6%) of the population lived within a 30-min walk to any health facility, but only 7.4% had similar access to a PEP facility. Using the non-motorized travel scenario, 66.6, 29.4, 3.5, 0.3, and 0.2% of the population were within 30 min, 1 h, 1.5 h, 2 h, and more than 2 h of walking time, respectively, to any health facility. Among 931 bite patients identified through contact tracing, 376 (40.4%) could reach any health facility within 10 min, while only 289 (35.4%) had similar access to a PEP facility. Additionally, 27 (2.9%) required over 60 min to reach any health facility, while 26 (3.2%) needed over 60 min specifically to access PEP. When considering motorized travel, the entire population was within 30 min of both any facility and a PEP facility. Our findings demonstrate that increased geographic distance and longer travel times to health facilities substantially reduce accessibility to rabies PEP, particularly in rural settings where reliance on non-motorized travel is common. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide quantitative, county-specific estimates of travel time impacts on PEP access in rural Kenya, filling a critical evidence gap for planning PEP distribution under Kenya's Stepwise Approach to Rabies Elimination (SARE). Optimizing the placement of PEP within existing healthcare networks can increase the proportion of the population able to reach services within recommended time thresholds. Expanding vaccine availability at strategically located facilities would therefore improve timely PEP to bite victims and support efforts to prevent human rabies deaths. These results highlight the importance of incorporating geographic accessibility analyses into planning for rabies elimination programs.

Preseptal cellulitis, the most common periorbital cellulitis manifestation, is more common in children. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the diagnosis and treatment of preseptal cellulitis infections in patients admitted to Children's Medical Center, an Iranian referral hospital, between 2015 and 2019. The demographic characteristics of patients, symptoms at admission, affected eye (unilateral/ bilateral and right/left), the duration of symptoms and treatment, imaging findings, and the microbial culture were recorded from patient history and medical files. During 5 years, 136 children with preseptal cellulitis, of whom 71 (52.2%) were boys and 65 (47.8%) were girls. The age range of the patients was between 9 days and 15 years, with a mean age of 41.9±39.3 months. All of the children had eyelid swelling and edema upon their initial visit. The most common accompanying symptoms in patients after edema and swelling of the eyelids were fever (41.2%), followed by eye discharge in 30.1%, and tenderness in 19.9% of patients. Ocular involvement was 51.5% in the right eye, 44.9% in the left eye, and 3.7% in both eyes. A CT scan was performed in 58 cases (42.6%), showing preseptal cellulitis in 29 patients (21.3%), followed by ethmoid sinusitis in 14 cases (10.3%). The most commonly used antibiotics, either alone or in combination, were clindamycin (72.8%, n=99), ceftriaxone (54.4%, n=74), vancomycin (27.2%, n=37), metronidazole (23.5%, n=32), and cefotaxime (17.6%, n=24). Preseptal cellulitis in children presents with a spectrum of symptoms and is frequently associated with risk factors such as sinusitis, odontogenic infections, insect bites, or periocular trauma. Imaging, particularly CT, is essential for evaluating disease severity and identifying complications. One limitation of this study is the occurrence of negative culture results, which could be due to factors such as sample collection, transportation, or possible issues with the culture techniques. According to this study, children with preseptal cellulitis might exhibit a variety of symptoms. The most common risk factors for preseptal cellulitis infection are sinusitis, odontogenic infections, animal or insect bites, and periocular trauma. Patients usually received clindamycin, ceftriaxone, and combination antibiotics.

Multidisciplinary Management of Complex Craniofacial Animal Bites in Children: A Case Series and Review of Principles

Management of Animal Bite Injuries To Head and Neck

Animal-related injuries remain a notable public health concern among lower secondary school students, particularly in rural areas such as Dau Tieng District, Binh Duong Province. A 2024 study conducted at Nguyen Binh Khiem Lower Secondary School showed that 37.8% of students had experienced injuries caused by animal bites, stings, butting, or scratches. Most incidents occurred at home (56.4%) and on the way to school (33.8%), reflecting students’ frequent exposure to domestic animals and their daily living environments. Commonly injured body parts included the limbs (42.9%) and the trunk (34.6%). Notably, 57.9% of students practiced self-treatment after the incident, while only 43.6% received care at healthcare facilities, increasing the risk of infection and complications, particularly rabies. Analysis of associated factors indicated that students with conduct ratings of “fair” or below had a 2.55 times higher risk of animal-related injuries compared with those with good conduct (OR = 2.55; 95% CI: 1.35–4.81). In contrast, no statistically significant associations were found with sex, age group, or academic performance. These findings highlight the need to strengthen education on animal injury prevention skills, provide guidance on appropriate first aid, and enhance responsible animal management within families and communities in order to reduce animal-related injuries among students.

Introduction: Rabies is a vaccine preventable disease having 100% fatality. India is endemic for Rabies accounting for 36% of the world’s Rabies deaths. ASHAs are the grass root level worker who spreads awareness about Rabies and wound care after animal bite. Objectives: 1. To assess the knowledge of Rabies among ASHAs. 2. To assess the knowledge of wound care after animal bite among them. 3. To determine the association of various sociodemographic factors with knowledge of Rabies and wound care after animal bite among ASHA. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 139 ASHAs from Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation selected by stratified random sampling from 86 UPHC from September 2024 to November 2024. A self-administrating questionnaire was used. Results: The mean age of ASHAs was 43.8 ± 8.1 years and mean work experience of 11.6 ± 5.8 years. None of them had any prior training in Rabies or wound care. Dog bite (92.1%) was the commonest source recognized by the majority of participants and 82% thought Rabies is fatal. About 97.1% knew about Rabies vaccine, 20% knew the right number of doses. 62.6% believed in traditional remedies for wound care, while 76.3% knew about washing the wound with soap and water. Total knowledge score was most strongly associated with work experience (p = 0.024). Conclusion: This study identifies lack of knowledge regarding Rabies and appropriate care of wounds following animal bites among ASHA workers in Ahmedabad city suggesting the need for training.