Angry People Research Articles

Angry Content for Angry People: How Anger Appeals Facilitate Health Misinformation Recall on Social Media

ABSTRACT Social media is often viewed as a breeding ground for misinformation, given the anger-laden nature of its content. Despite the persuasiveness of anger and misinformation on social media, little is known about how misinformation surges in power when users are exposed to misinformation-related anger appeals and/or misinformation-unrelated (i.e. ambient) anger. Employing two online experiments across different health contexts, the studies test mechanisms of anger appeals and their individual and combined effects on misinformation recall. Specifically, Study 1 (N = 210) examines the interaction between a misinformation-related anger appeal and issue relevance, illustrating that issue relevance increased the recall of emotion-neutral appeals but did not influence recall among those exposed to the misinformation-related anger appeal. Expanding on this finding, Study 2 (N = 400) investigates a three-way interaction between exposure to a misinformation-related anger appeal, ambient anger, and issue relevance. The findings underscore the role of ambient anger in contributing to misinformation recall for users with high issue relevance and those exposed to misinformation-relevant anger appeals. These results further highlight the complex and conditional influence of anger appeals on misinformation recall.

Feeling Revengeful


 
 
 I provide an account of feeling revengeful and I do so while rejecting the view that anger is ‘the emotion’ of revenge and that to be angry, conceptually, is to have a desire for vengeance. My aim is to challenge us to see the complex dimensions of revenge as feeling(s), which will also disprove the above views. I also make a case for precision in the ways we describe our affective states and trouble the tendency to necessarily link anger to revenge, anger’s action tendency to vengeance, and view angry people as ‘the avengers.’
 
 

The Weathersfield Affair

The Weathersfield Affair

Investigating the relationships between emotional experiences and behavioral responses amid the Covid‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional survey

The Covid‐19 pandemic produced a complex combination of intense negative emotions among the general public, influencing people's coping reactions toward the pandemic. Yet each discrete emotion may affect people's behaviors in different ways. Unveiling the specific emotion–behavior relationships can provide valuable implications for designing effective intervention programs. Through the lens of the appraisal theory of emotion, we assessed the relationships between negative emotions and pandemic‐related behaviors among the Chinese population midst the early outbreak of the pandemic. An anonymous online survey was distributed to mainland Chinese participants (n = 2976), which assessed individuals' emotional states and behavioral reactions to the pandemic. Consistent with the differential appraisal theme underlying each negative emotion as delineated by the appraisal theory, mixed relationships between emotions and pandemic‐related behaviors were revealed. Specifically, anxiety was positively associated with behaviors of seeking pandemic‐related information, sharing such information, and stockpiling preventive goods, yet, contrary to prediction, anxious people were reluctant to adopt preventive measures, which is maladaptive. Sad people sought information less frequently and exhibited lower intention to stockpile preventive goods; but, opposing prediction, they shared information less frequently. Angry people were more active in sharing information and in stockpiling preventive goods. These findings suggest that public health practitioners can utilize the emotion–behavior relationships to identify the vulnerable individuals who tend to adopt maladaptive coping behaviors, help them address emotional distress, and encourage their adoption of effective coping behaviors.

Self-Distancing Moderates the Effect of Incidental Fear vs. Anger on Risk Taking and Loss Aversion

Studies have shown that incidental and normatively irrelevant emotions can carry over and bias decisions. However, people respond to and manage their emotions in different ways. Thus, incidental emotional influences might depend on how individuals regulate their emotions. In a preregistered experiment, we examined how the regulation of fear and anger impacts risk-taking and information processing in a task that mimics complexity and uncertainty. Drawing on the appraisal tendency framework, we propose that fear and anger lead to opposite effects on risk-taking and that these effects are moderated by decision makers’ use of a tactic of emotion regulation known as self-distancing. Participants were asked to recall and describe a fear-inducing or anger-inducing event from either an immersed or self-distanced perspective. Next, they completed the Iowa Gambling Task for our measure of risk-taking. A series of linear mixed random-effects models supported our hypotheses. First, incidental fear reduced risk-taking relative to incidental anger, and this effect reversed among participants who engaged in self-distancing. Second, self-distancing reduced reliance on intuitive information processing during the task. Third, analytical (but not intuitive) processing was negatively related to risk-taking. Finally, exploratory analyses revealed that fearful and angry people’s choices were driven more by their sensitivity to losses and gains than their sensitivity to risk. Incidental fear led to an aversion to decks associated with frequent losses.

Losing Sight of Billy: Moving Beyond the Specular in *Haxby’s Circus*

Katharine Susannah Prichard’s Haxby’s Circus: the Lightest Brightest Little Show on Earth (1930) chronicles the life of Gina Haxby as she travels with a circus troupe owned by her father. Her close friend is Billy Rocca, a short-statured person and fellow performer. When Gina has an accident and becomes disabled, she realises she has absorbed her culture’s aversion to visibly disabled people, and looks to Rocca to learn how to live in an ableist world. While Gina’s character arc drives the novel, her trajectory is driven by the presence of a disabled character. Rather than using Rocca merely as a plot device, or to stand in as a metaphor (what Mitchell and Snyder refer to as ‘narrative prosthesis’), or reverting to stereotypes of short-statured people (for example, as fantasy creatures, or angry people bent on revenge), Prichard portrays Rocca as a sensitive, cultured and generous man who has learnt to weather – although not without bitterness – the constant slaps of prejudice. She portrays Rocca as a human being who works hard, desires, makes a living and, despite his embedding in the long and degrading history of short-statured people’s work in circuses and shows, exerts agency and control over his life. She also positions him as the subject of a prejudiced gaze, and uses focalisation to capture the psychological ramifications of this prejudice. Through the connection between Gina and Rocca, and Gina’s eventual reconciliation with her disability, Prichard underscores the importance of connection in the disabled community. Prichard published Haxby’s Circus in 1930, some fifty years before the establishment of Disabled Peoples International and its first World Assembly in Singapore. Her attempts to move beyond stereotypical representations of bodily difference mark Haxby’s Circus as an important text in Australian literature about disability.

여성 돌봄종사자의 업무 소진에 영향을 미치는 요인 - 제6차 근로환경조사를 이용하여 -

Purpose: We intend to provide the basic data for the creation of a working environment and improvement of work methods to prevent burnout of female care workers by identifying the factors affecting their work burnout of female care workers. Methods: We used logistic regression analysis to analyze the relations of 1,159 people classified as care workers using the 6th Working Environment Survey. Results: There was a significant difference in the rate of experiencing burnout depending on the general, working environment, and health-related characteristics of female care workers. In general characteristics, workers in their 50s and older experienced more work burnout when the average working hours per week were over 40 hours. In work environment characteristics, the work of lifting or moving people and the work exhaustion of workers dealing with angry people caused more work burnout. In health-related characteristics, it was found that workers who suffered from work stress and experienced headache and fatigue experienced more work burnout. Conclusion: It is necessary to improve social awareness of care services and strengthen legal protective measures for care workers. It is also essential to prepare a detailed work manual suitable for care workers and to train coping. In addition, customized education and various programs for the physical and formal health of female care workers should be activated.

Corona XLVI – Oh my, Omicron!

Corona XLVI – Oh my, Omicron!

Anger: A Secularized Theological Concept

ABSTRACT Media accounts often suggest that anger motivates the rise of populist political movements. Indeed, populism and anger are so closely associated in popular discourse as to become almost one: populism just is angry people doing politics. And today, many people are angry. I class accounts of anger into two groups. Some cultural critics and philosophers take anger as a fitting response to a wrong. Others take anger, or at least a certain type of anger, as opaque, directed at the injustices baked into a normative order. By turning to accounts of anger from the Hebrew Bible, where human and divine anger is closely tied with authority, I argue that the opaque concept of anger is often forgotten, or repressed. When it is recovered, we are attuned to questions of domination, and to possibilities for flourishing in a radically different world.

High spirits: heavy metal and mental health

High spirits: heavy metal and mental health

Turn Anger into Passionate Disagreement?

People can be outraged over, say, mismanagement or fraud and motivated to address such problems; they can, however, also be angry and lash out against the innocent. In addition to such unpredictability, angry people can seem literally out of their mind. My aim is to render anger intelligible and productive from a social epistemological perspective: epistemological because I assume that anger involves value recognition and arouses reflection; social because I assume that the related values and inquiries involve questions of justice and/or morality. I believe that value disagreements are set up at cross purposes if we disqualify the emotional reactions of those whom we judge too unpleasant to understand. However, I also believe that we should not take anger at face value. My proposal is pragmatic for two reasons. First, and in line with classical pragmatist tenets about the role of doubt and other emotions in reasoning, it is pragmatic because I think that anger results from moral and political uncertainty and leads to a failure to understand one another and, hence, to a failure to act together. Second, my proposal is more concerned with what could be made of anger rather than focussing on what anger essentially is. In sum, I suggest that communities can regulate and use the variety of angry experiences in situations of uncertainty and conflict about moral and political values; that would be “passionate disagreement.” I explain four pragmatic considerations that go along with it and address three problems one might raise in response.

“A Gentle, Angry People”: Music in a Quaker Nonviolent Direct-Action Campaign to Power Local Green Jobs

“A Gentle, Angry People”: Music in a Quaker Nonviolent Direct-Action Campaign to Power Local Green Jobs

Emotion-body connection dispositions modify the insulae-midcingulate effective connectivity during anger processing.

The link between anger and bodily states is readily apparent based on the autonomic and behavioral responses elicited. In everyday life angry people react in different ways, from being agitated with an increased heart rate to remaining silent or detached. Neuroimaging evidence supports the role of mid-posterior insula and midcingulate cortex/MCC as key nodes of a sensorimotor network that predominantly responds to salient stimuli, integration of interoceptive and autonomic information, as well as to awareness of bodily movements for coordinated motion. However, there is still a lack of clarity concerning how interindividual variability in bodily states reactions drives the connectivity within these key nodes in the sensorimotor network during anger processing. Therefore, we investigated whether individual differences in body-centered emotional experience, that is an active (inward prone) or inactive (outward prone) emotion-body connection disposition, would differently affect the information flow within these brain regions. Two groups of participants underwent fMRI scanning session watching video clips of actors performing simple actions with angry and joyful facial expressions. The whole-brain group-by-session interaction analysis showed that the bilateral insula and the right MCC were selectively activated by inward group during the angry session, whereas the outward group activated more the precuneus during the joyful session. Accordingly, dynamic causal modeling analyses (DCM) revealed an excitatory modulatory effect exerted by anger all over the insulae-MCC connectivity in the inward group, whereas in the outward group the modulatory effect exerted was inhibitory. Modeling the variability related to individual differences in body-centered emotional experience allowed to better explain to what extent subjective dispositions contributed to the insular activity and its connectivity. In addition, from the perspective of a hierarchical model of neurovisceral integration, these findings add knowledge to the multiple ways which the insula and MCC dynamically integrate affective and bodily aspects of the human experience.

When does anger boost status?

A substantial literature asserts that anger expressions boost status. Across seven studies (N = 4027), we demonstrate that this assertion is often wrong. Rather than boosting status, many anger expressions predictably diminish status. We find that the intensity of expressed anger profoundly influences social perceptions and status conferral. Compared to mildly or moderately angry individuals, extremely angry people are perceived to be less competent and warm, and are thus accorded less status. We also contrast expressions of anger with expressions of sadness across different levels of intensity. At low levels of intensity anger expressions boost status conferral compared to sadness expressions and a neutral control condition, but at high levels of intensity anger expressions harm status conferral compared to sadness expressions and a neutral control condition. Taken together, our findings reveal that the relationship between expressed emotion and status is far more nuanced than prior work has assumed, and that the magnitude of an emotion can substantively moderate its effects.

Anger, Fear, and Echo Chambers: The Emotional Basis for Online Behavior

Emotions, such as anger and fear, have been shown to influence people’s political behavior. However, few studies link emotions specifically to how people debate political issues and seek political information online. In this article, we examine how anger and fear are related to politics-oriented digital behavior, attempting to bridge the gap between the thus far disconnected literature on political psychology and the digital media. Based on survey data, we show that anger and fear are connected to distinct behaviors online. Angry people are more likely to engage in debates with people having both similar and opposing views. They also seek out information confirming their views more frequently. Anxious individuals, by contrast, tend to seek out information contradicting their opinions. These findings reiterate predictions made in the extant literature concerning the role of emotions in politics. Thus, we argue that anger reinforces echo chamber dynamics and trench warfare dynamics in the digital public sphere, while fear counteracts these dynamics.

The Effects of Synchronization With Either Joyful or Angry People on Perception of an Emotionally Neutral Person

Synchronization has been shown to play an important role in social life through its effects on interactions between people and the quality of these interactions. However, little is known about how observing synchronization affects perceptions of the synchronized individuals. This paper examines how observed synchronization influences perceptions of a neutral person depending on the emotional valence of the faces with which they are synchronized. Two different forms of synchronization were used in these studies: synchronous flashing of faces and faces moving in a common direction. We hypothesized that observed synchronization biases the perception of emotions expressed by a neutral person and an observer’s attitude towards this person. These effects are expected to be congruent with the valence of the synchronizing faces. The results showed a divergent pattern of effects for different forms of synchronization. In Study 1, synchronous flashing biased only the perceived emotions. In Study 2, synchrony of movement affected participants’ attitudes towards the observed person. Our findings suggest that the form of observed synchrony is an important factor in drawing inferences about individuals.

Anatomia gniewu według Bazylego Wielkiego

The article opens with the background of the Basilian homily Against Anger and its moral and practical teachings. Afterwards, the causes and symptoms of anger are presented. St. Basil, in engaging the question of anger, causes each hearer to be more aware of this vice that can turn a man mad and bestial. He compares angry people with dangerous and venomous animals, afflicted by mental illness or possessed by the devil. Employing negative metaphors, the preacher shows the destructive force of anger and its fatal effects. But Basil also recognized the positive possibilities of anger, an affect which, properly evaluated and transformed, could turned to the service of numerous virtuous acts. Thus, Christians should activate anger in their battle against evil. The antidote to anger is calm, obedience to the word of God, and the imitation of Christ and the biblical examples.

Fighting Unfair Competition: The Bamberger Riot and the Emergence of Hire Purchase in Switzerland around 1900

Abstract Hire purchase is today one of the most popular modes of consumer finance worldwide, yet it is still in many ways stigmatized and controversial. In this respect, nothing much has changed since the late nineteenth century, when this new way of selling goods spread through the industrialized countries of the West. How unacceptable it was, Louis Bamberger—a pioneer of hire purchase in Switzerland—found out the hard way. In 1883, only months after the opening of his department store in St. Gallen, hundreds of angry people gathered in front of it and started smashing windows and looting. Beginning with this incident, which came to be known as the Bamberger Riot, this article traces the history of hire purchase and the controversy around it in Switzerland before the Great War. Focusing mainly on artisans and shopkeepers, I argue that the sudden emergence of hire purchase in Switzerland fundamentally challenged the market ethic and economic rationality of this section of the urban middle class.

Translating Memories – the Fight Over Pikachu in Hong Kong

ABSTRACTIt was an unusual scene – angry adults and young people making loud protests, accompanied and contrasted by cute yellow dolls, in defence of ‘Pikachu’ – or the ‘Pikachu’ they have long come to identify with. Nintendo’s decision to make the Mandarin transliteration of ‘Pikachu’, pikaqiu, the official Chinese name of its beloved Pokémon character has triggered this unexpected protest. On the surface it was a trivial fight over changing the translated name from the Cantonese-sounding beigaaciu to pikaqiu; to many locals, it was a battle to preserve memories and to safeguard a dwindling culture. This paper looks at the rise of China from a translation point of view, and examines how the predominantly Cantonese-speaking former British colony has struggled to come to terms with the increasing domination of the Mandarin language, whether in the realms of politics, entertainment world, everyday life, or even childhood memories. In the fight of asserting the ‘self’, translation has bcome a powerful tool to articulate the unique Cantonese identity of Hong Kong, whether in refuting the notion that the language is just a minor dialect compared to Mandarin, or in constructing and preserving the collective memory of a more glorious and recognizable past.

Why do angry people overestimate their intelligence? Neuroticism as a suppressor of the association between Trait-Anger and subjectively assessed intelligence

Trait-Anger and Neuroticism are substantially inter-correlated positively. However, there is some theoretical and empirical research that supports the notion that Trait-Anger and Neuroticism are influenced by several processes differentially. For instance, Trait-Anger is linked to optimistic bias, increased sense of control, approach motivation and high Narcissism. In contrast, Neuroticism correlates with pessimism, low sense of control, withdrawal motivation and low Narcissism. Building on these previous findings, we hypothesized that Trait-Anger and Neuroticism would be positively and negatively, respectively, associated with subjectively assessed intelligence (SAI). Furthermore, we expected that these two traits would act as mutual suppressors in predicting SAI. The results of two studies (ns = 303 and 225) supported our hypotheses. Trait-Anger was positively and Neuroticism negatively related to SAI, even after controlling for objective intelligence. These results are consistent with previous research which suggests that SAI is more substantially associated with personality than objective intelligence. Additionally, in study 2, we found that Narcissism mediated (partially) the relationship between Trait-Anger and SAI. In the discussion, we suggest that there might be two faces of Trait-Anger: one related to anxiety and one to overconfidence. Finally, a potential role of intelligence positive illusions in Trait-Anger is proposed.