Anemia In Women Research Articles

Optimizing the transfusion strategy in surgical patients in a Lebanese university hospital

Background and purposeOur aim was to analyze factors that influence transfusion requirements in surgical patients in order to achieve a transfusion-saving strategy.MethodsData was collected from patient’s files at the Notre Dame de Secours-Jbeil University Hospital Center between January 2017 and June 2019. Selection was made for 400 patients who had undergone surgery and required transfusion. The studied variables were age, sex, and type of surgery whether planned or urgent with its expected level of bleeding. The presence of chronic anemia, coronary artery disease, values of hemoglobin and hematocrit before and after transfusion, iron status preoperatively, and post-operation complications were also noted.ResultsThe analysis of 400 transfused surgical patients showed that the mean age was 62 ± 18 years with 52.5% women and 47.5% men. In 82.3% of patients, surgical bleeding was expected, 77.8% of surgeries were scheduled, and 22.3% were urgent. Fifty-two percent of patients were known to have coronary artery disease. Orthopedic (35%) and cardiothoracic (29.5%) surgeries had the highest transfusion rate.Among all patients, only 106 patients (26.5%) underwent a preoperative iron workup. The pre-transfusion levels of hemoglobin were 9.9 ± 0.6 and hematocrit of 29.7 ± 1.9. 26.3% of patients had a post-transfusion complication.On the other hand, 19.5% of women and 20% of men were already anemic when admitted to the hospital.Anemic women required 7.6 times more transfusions than non-anemic, while anemic men required 12.38 times more transfusions than non-anemic men. Age, presence of coronary artery disease, and chronic anemia have been found to be factors increasing the risk of post-transfusion complications. Finally, urgent and unplanned surgeries are 2.9 times more likely to cause post-transfusion complications.ConclusionThis study therefore confirms that anemic patients are more likely to receive perioperative blood transfusions. Consequently, in order to reduce blood transfusion and its complications, it would be beneficial primarily to diagnose and treat anemia preoperatively. Other transfusion-saving strategies could also be useful in the setting of surgical bleeding, such as the use of tranexamic acid and different autologous transfusion methods like the cell saver.

The Effect of SMS Gateway Intervention on Increasing Knowledge in Pregnant Women with Anaemia

Background: Anemia in pregnancy is one of the indirect causes of the high maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Indonesia. To prevent and overcome anemia in pregnancy, an Iron supplement tablets program (IST) is carried out. However, this Programme has yet to show tangible results. One of the challenges is a low mother's compliance to consuming IST due to a lack of knowledge. Today, Short Messaging Service (SMS) appears to be an alternative to health promotion media. Aims: This study aims to determine the effect of SMS gateway on the level of knowledge about IST consumption among pregnant women with anemia. Methods: This study is a double-blind experimental research with a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) design. We took anemic pregnant women at seven health centers in Makassar City who met the inclusion criteria with a total sample of 68 people (35 control and 33 intervention). Results: There was a significant difference in the mean value of pre-test and post-test knowledge levels in the intervention group that received SMS gateway (p-value = 0.047). However, there is no significant difference in the mean value of pre test and post-test knowledge between the control and intervention groups (p-value = 0.215). Conclusion: There is an effect of SMS gateway on the knowledge levels regarding IST consumption among pregnant women with anemia.

THE STUDY OF MATERNAL OUTCOME FOLLOWING EARLY AND DELAYED CORD CLAMPING IN BIRTHS ASSOCIATED WITH ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY

Aim and Objectives: (The objectives of the study are as follows: 1) To compare the Blood loss in both early cord clamping (ECC) versus delayed cord clamping (DCC) (in the third stage of labor). (2) To compare the third-stage complications following ECC versus of DCC in anemic pregnant females. (3) To compare Maternal hemoglobin and hematocrit at 24 h of delivery in both ECC versus DCC. Methods: This prospective study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi pregnant women. A total of 120 anemic pregnant women between 32 and 40 weeks of gestation admitted in the labour room were enrolled in the study (hemoglobin between 7 and 10.9 g%). Twenty patients were lost to follow-up. Third-stage complications of 46 women who underwent ECC (<60 s) were compared with 54 women who underwent DCC (more than 60 s to <3 min). Maternal hemoglobin and hematocrit at 24 h of delivery were also compared between both groups. Results: The mean blood loss in both the groups was 325±89.287 and 326.85±66.384, comparable statistically with p=0.906. Out of 100 patients enrolled, only two patients had postpartum hemorrhage. Each one belonged to each group (p<0.909). None of the groups had retained placenta showing no statistical significance between two groups (p<1). DCC was not associated with increased risk of third-stage complications whether in cesarean section or vaginal delivery. There were no differences in operative time, post-delivery decrease in hematocrit, rates of postpartum hemorrhage, bleeding complications, maternal blood transfusions, and therapeutic hysterectomy between the two groups. Conclusions: DCC is safe for mother especially in anemic mothers also as it does not increase the mean blood loss and also it has beneficial effect on neonates. No difference in third-stage complications and maternal hemoglobin and hematocrit levels at 24 h in both groups. It should be recommended in routine practice where it is not contraindicated especially in resource-poor settings.

The effect of UNIMMAP multiple micronutrient supplements versus iron-folic acid and placebo in anemia reduction among women of reproductive age in Kebribeyah Woreda, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia: a study protocol for a community-based individual RCT

BackgroundWomen of reproductive age (WRA) in developing countries are often at risk of micronutrient deficiencies due to inadequate intakes and excessive losses.ObjectiveThe purpose of this trial is to assess the effectiveness of United Nations International Multiple Micronutrient Antenatal Preparation-Multiple Micronutrient Supplements (UNIMMAP-MMS) versus iron-folic acid (IFA) among WRA in reducing anemia.MethodsThree parallel groups of WRA will participate in a community-based, individually randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled superiority trial. After consent, the sample of 375 mildly or moderately anemic women based on hemoglobin by Hemocue will be randomly assigned across two interventions and one control arm. Trial participants in intervention arms will receive UNIMMAP-MMS or IFA while those in the control arm will receive placebos twice a week for 17 weeks. The primary outcome will be a change in mean hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations. Outcome assessors and study participants will be blinded to the type of supplements and study arm.DiscussionThe World Health Organization (WHO) added UNIMMAP-MMS to its essential medicine lists in 2021 but recommended rigorous study. Several factors in addition to inadequate intakes of iron and folic acid contribute to the high prevalence of anemia among WRA in the Somali region. The findings of this study will provide evidence on the effect of UNIMMAP-MMS and IFA on Hb concentrations and anemia prevalence among anemic WRA.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05682261. Registered on January 12, 2023.

MODERN VIEWS TO THE PROBLEMS OF ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY

The paper explores how hemoglobin measured from cord blood at birth is related to anemia during pregnancy among women living in a hypertension zone in Gabon. The type of anemia was to be tested as a risk factor for adverse outcomes in pregnancy. High and low hemoglobin anemia were defined and compared with normal hemoglobin at delivery and with pregnancy without anemia. Anemia in pregnancy is a life-threatening state with increased risks of adverse outcomes to mother and infant. Although this could be detected by caesarean section, women with anemia were likely to have complex labor and the doubling of hemorrhage after pre-labor rupture of membrane suggests a causal relation. Tiredness increased throughout pregnancy for anemic women, but four obstetric outcomes were not worse than non-anemic women. Fetal growth was physiology at delivery was poor but expressed breast milk after a complicated peripartum did not show difference in content or volume. Anemia would appear to worsen outcome of already complicated pregnancies, including development of pre-eclampsia and a doubling of the need for hospitalization. A recent systematic review has shown clear benefits to correcting anemia on reducing decreased birth weight preterm infant mortality, but pregnant are a difficult group to treat. This supplement will also show the effectiveness of using various interventions to prevent and treat anemia and improving women's overall knowledge of anemia for better self-care.

Incidence and Antepartum Risk Factors of Severe Postpartum Haemorrhage in Anaemic Pregnant Women in Lagos, Nigeria: A Secondary Cohort Analysis.

The magnitude and risk factors for postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) have been extensively investigated, although little is currently known about the incidence and predictors of severe PPH, specifically among women affected by prenatal anaemia in Nigeria. The study determined the incidence and antepartum risk factors of severe PPH in anaemic pregnant women in five health institutions in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria. A secondary analysis was performed using the data of pregnant women with anaemia from the "Predict-PPH" study that was conducted between January and June 2023. This study included n=570 pregnant women affected by anaemia who gave birth in five hospitals in the Lagos metropolis of Nigeria. The study outcome was severe PPH, defined as an estimated blood loss of at least 1000 mL within 24 hours of childbirth. A backward stepwise conditional approach in a multivariable logistic regression model was utilised to identify the independent risk factors for severe PPH in anaemic pregnant women. Of the 570 women with prenatal anaemia enrolled in the primary study, 42 (7.4%) had severe PPH. The identified independent risk factors for severe PPH were maternal obesity (adjusted OR = 3.85, 95% CI = 1.85-8.02), antepartum haemorrhage in index pregnancy (adjusted OR = 2.98, 95% CI = 1.29-6.90), uterine fibroids (adjusted OR = 6.10, 95% CI = 2.39-15.52), delivery gestational age ≥39 weeks (adjusted OR = 2.62, 95% CI = 1.23-5.56), and delivery by caesarean birth (adjusted OR = 16.75, 95% CI = 5.81-48.31). About one in 13 anaemic pregnant women enrolled in the study developed severe PPH during childbirth. Maternal obesity, antepartum bleeding in the current pregnancy, co-existing uterine fibroids in pregnancy, delivery gestational age beyond 38 weeks, and caesarean birth in the current pregnancy were factors that were significantly associated with severe PPH in anaemic pregnant women. These findings underscore the importance of increased vigilance during both the antenatal and peripartum periods to identify women with these risk factors for the initiation of timely interventions to prevent severe PPH.

Efektifitas Konsumsi Telur Ayam Rebus Dan Tablet Fe Terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin Pada Ibu Hamil Anemia Di Klinik I Bekasi Tahun 2023

Pregnancy is a physiological and natural process. Based on WHO data in 2020, the global prevalence of anemia in pregnant women throughout the world is 41.8%, which is related to anemia in pregnancy caused by iron deficiency and acute bleeding. Efforts that can be made to overcome anemia are by giving beetroot, pomegranate, dragon fruit or guava juice or you can also consume boiled chicken eggs to increase hemoglobin levels. The nutritional content of chicken eggs is rich in high quality protein. The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of consuming boiled chicken eggs and fe tablets on hemoglobin levels in anemic pregnant women at Clinic I Bekasi in 2023. The research method used is the Quasi-experimental Pre-Post Test With Control Group Design method. Sampling was taken with a total sampling of 30 people. Data analysis used frequency distribution and independent t test. This study uses primary data from Hb examination values by researchers. The research results showed that the average increase in Hb in the intervention group was higher than in the control group. The calculated t value (6.768) > t table (2.048). The results of the analysis used the Independent t test with a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05, meaning that Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, meaning that there was an effect of consuming boiled chicken eggs and Fe tablets on hemoglobin levels in anemic pregnant women at Clinic I Bekasi in 2023.It is hoped that this research will provide material for consideration of non-invasive therapy that can be offered to pregnant women in order to reduce the number of pregnancy complications, especially helping pregnant women have a healthy and happy pregnancy.

Differences In The Effectiveness Of Date Juice And Beet Juice In Increasing Hemoglobin Levels In Anemia Pregnant Women In The Work Area Of The Tirtamulya Health Center In 2023

Background: beets and dates can increase hemoglobin for those who have anemia. The nutritional composition of dates is that they are rich in natural sugars, fiber, potassium, magnesium and B vitamins, iron, calcium and phosphorus in fairly high amounts, while beets also contain nitrates, compounds that can help improve blood flow and performance. brain so that it can be known to increase hemoglobin levels in the blood. Purpose of writing: to find out the difference in the effectiveness of giving date juice and beet juice in increasing hemoglobin levels in anemic pregnant women in the working area of the Tirtamulya Health Center in 2023. Research method: Pre-experimental study with type one group pre test – post test design by means of relationships cause and effect by involving a group of subjects. the subject group was observed before the intervention was carried out and then observed after the intervention was carried out. The sampling technique is non-probability sampling with a purposive method. The study was divided into 2 variables, namely the independent variable, namely the consumption of date juice and beetroot juice. Results: Assessment before and after administration of date palm juice obtained a value of Sig 0.000, sig value <0.05 which can be concluded that there is effectiveness of giving date juice in increasing Hb levels in anemic pregnant women. While theassessment before and after giving beetroot juice obtained a Sig value of 0.000, a sig value <0.05 which can be concluded that there is effectiveness of giving beetroot juice in increasing Hb levels in anemic pregnant women. Conclusions and Suggestions: The results of this study are expected to provide information that giving date palm juice and beetroot juice is a type of natural food that can increase Hb levels.

Is there a correlation between prepartum anaemia and an increased likelihood of developing postpartum depression? A prospective observational study

PurposePostpartum depression (PPD) represents a significant challenge to maternal and child health. Early screening for PPD is essential to ensure appropriate treatment and support. The present study aimed to assess whether maternal prepartum anaemia influences the likelihood of developing PPD within 3 days after delivery.MethodsIn collaboration with the Department of Psychiatry, a prospective observational study was carried out at the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department of the University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” in Naples. A total of 211 full-term pregnant women were enrolled, and their predelivery haemoglobin value was recorded. Women with gestational diabetes, hypertension, pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, intellectual disability, or pre-existing diagnosis of psychotic spectrum disorder were excluded. Participants provided written informed consent to fill out the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) 3 days after delivery. EPDS cut-off score of ≥ 10 was used to identify women at risk of developing PPD. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t test, the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test, and linear regression.ResultsThe participants were categorized into 2 groups based on EPDS scores: EPDS < 10 (176 patients) or EPDS ≥ 10 (35 patients). The two groups showed homogeneity in terms of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. The mean haemoglobin values of anaemic pregnant women in the EPDS ≤ 10 group (11.78 ± 1.39 g/dl) and the EPDS > 10 group (11.62 ± 1.27 g/dl) were not significantly different (p = 0.52). There was no significant correlation between the predelivery haemoglobin value and the EPDS postpartum score of < 10 or ≥ 10. The Wilcoxon Rank Sum test and the estimated coefficients of the linear regression model did not show any statistical relationship between continuous and binary haemoglobin values.ConclusionsOur study found that maternal prepartum anaemia did not negatively impact the likelihood of developing postpartum depressive symptoms, in the first 3 days after delivery.

Association of Gestational Iron-deficiency Anemia with Antenatal Depression among Pregnant Women: A Case-control Study from Tertiary Care Hospitals, Lahore.

The goal of this study is to investigate the potential association between gestational anemia and antenatal depression in pregnant women. It is a case-control study consisting of 684 pregnant women under 18 years recruited in different tertiary care hospitals, in Lahore, between June 2023 and December 2023. Utilizing an online questionnaire, data collection encompassed demographics, dietary habits, and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Pregnant women with antenatal hemoglobin (Hb) levels above and below 11.0 g/dL were categorized as a nonanemic and anemic group. Statistical analysis involved Chi-square tests to explore the relationships between gestational parameters and maternal factors. The depression scores of anemic and nonanemic pregnant women compare two groups of pregnant women based on their Hb levels: those with Hb <110 g/l during pregnancy (anemic) and those with Hb ≥110 g/l (nonanemic). The anemic group had higher depression scores than the nonanemic group, both for those with EPDS <12 points and those with EPDS ≥12 points. However, P = 0.077 indicates that this difference was not statistically significant at a typical alpha level of 0.05. No significant association was found between gestational anemia and antenatal depression in pregnant women. These findings prompt further research to unravel the intricacies of the association between gestational anemia and depression. The outcomes thus urge the researchers and health-care professionals to consider the diverse factors that may contribute to mental health outcomes during pregnancy and refine strategies for maternal care.

EFFECTIVENESS OF ACCOMPANIMENT FOR ADOLESCENTS AND PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ANEMIA: ENDEAVORS IN EARLY STUNTING SCREENING DURING THE FIRST 1000 DAYS OF LIFE

The 2022 Indonesian Nutritional Status Study survey reveals that the prevalence of stunting among children under five was 21.6%. In Central Java province, the rate was 20.8%, while in Brebes Regency, it reached 29.1% (the highest in Central Java). Stunting poses a significant nutritional challenge affecting the growth and development of young children. This issue is linked to factors such as malnutrition in pregnant women, adolescents, and nursing mothers, as well as the presence of infectious diseases in mothers. The well-being of young women is crucial, as they will become the next generation of parents, shaping the nation's future. By 2030, an estimated 68% of Indonesia's economic support will come from individuals of productive age, including current adolescents who will soon become parents. This cross-sectional observational study aimed to assess the effectiveness of assisting adolescents and pregnant women with anemia as an early stunting screening initiative. The data collection involved checking hemoglobin levels in adolescents and pregnant women, assisting those with anemia for 30 days, and then re-evaluating their hemoglobin levels. Univariate frequency distribution analysis indicated increased hemoglobin levels among adolescents and anemic pregnant women. Chi-square analysis resulted in a p-value of 0.04, suggesting that assisting adolescents and pregnant women as an early stunting screening effort effectively addresses anemia.

ASUHAN KEBIDANAN PADA IBU HAMIL ANEMIA DENGAN PEMBERIAN BAYAM DAN MADU UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN

WHO states the prevalence of anemia in various regions of the world is around 40-88%. In 2018 the prevalence of anemia, meanwhile in 2018 it increased to 48.9%. One alternative to meeting iron needs can be done by consuming green vegetables, one of which is spinach, combined with honey, because honey helps the formation of blood. Research objective Provide midwifery care to mildly anemic pregnant women by administering spinach and honey to increase hemoglobin levels. The type of research used in the preparation of practice reports is descriptive research using the case study method. The research was conducted at the Tanjung Balai Karimun Health Center in January 2023. The subject used in this study was a third trimester pregnant woman with mild anemia. Midwifery care for pregnant women with mild anemia by administering spinach and honey has been carried out. After conducting the study to the case evaluation, there was no gap between theory and practice in the field. Based on the results of midwifery care, it was found that the consumption of spinach and honey can be an alternative treatment for mild anemia in pregnant women because it can help increase hemoglobin levels

Tackling the Immediate Implications of Anaemia in Women and Children

Anaemia persists as a significant global health issue, especially impacting women and children. Immediate consequences include fatigue, weakness, and impaired cognitive function, with pregnant women and young children facing elevated risks. Addressing anaemia requires widespread iron supplementation, nutritional education, and improved access to fortified foods. Resolving root causes like inadequate healthcare infrastructure and poverty is crucial. Collaborative efforts involving governments, NGOs, and the private sector are essential. Early detection, prompt treatment, and enduring preventive measures are vital. Community engagement and awareness campaigns are necessary for informed health decisions. By integrating these approaches, we can effectively tackle anaemia's immediate ramifications, aiming for a healthier future for vulnerable populations worldwide

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Perinatal Outcomes of Anemia Among Pregnant Women

Introduction: Anemia is a crucial common health problem affecting the developed as well as the developing world. Around the world, malnutrition is the most common cause for child and maternal death. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and outcome of anemia in pregnancy and her new.Methodology: Quantitative approach with descriptive survey method was used. Data were collected from 107 pregnant women using the non-probability purposive sampling technique.Result: The majority 103 (96.2%) of pregnant women are belong to the age of 20–30 years and mostly 62 (57.9%) were Hindu. The mode of delivery of pregnant anemic women shows that the majority 21 (70%) of women delivered vaginally. The majority of the mothers, 103 (96.3%), did not have a previous history of abortion. The distribution of weight of the newborn at birth states that the majority of newborns weighed above 2.5 kg (69%). The distribution of pregnant mothers based on associated risk factors reveals that only 5 (4.7%) pregnant women had thyroid problems, gestational DM, and epilepsy one each. The prevalence of anemia based on severity showed that most of the mothers 85 (78.4%) had moderate anemia as per the WHO classification.Conclusion: The study concludes that moderate anemia is prevalent among pregnant women. Some of the health problems associated with anemia are thyroid problems, gestational DM, and epilepsy

Anemia Prevalence and Risk Factors in Two of Ethiopia's Most Anemic Regions among Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.

In Sub-Saharan African (SSA) nations, including Ethiopia, anemia is a significant public health issue. Ethiopia has continued to bear the enormous burden of anemia infections. Over time, the prevalence of anemia has significantly increased in Ethiopia. In addition, there is a paucity of literature and regional variations in the pace of increment expansion. Therefore, the primary goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of anemia and risk factors among women in Ethiopia's two most anemic regions. 2,519 women participated in a community-based cross-sectional study from January 18 to June 27, 2016. In order to determine the causes of anemia in women in two of Ethiopia's most anemic regions, an ordinal logistic regression model was taken into consideration. The applicability of the proportional odds test was evaluated using the chi-square test of the parallelism assumption. A p value of 0.05 or below was used to define crucial and statistically significant predictor variables. The overall prevalence rate of anemia was 56.8% (95% CI (54.8%-58.7%)). The chi-square test of the parallelism assumption indicated that the odds ratios were constant across all cut-off points of women's anemia levels at a 5% significance level (p value = 0.122). Of the severity of anemia levels among women, 48.2, 46.1, and 5.7% had mild, moderate, and severe anemia levels, respectively. In multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses, being born (lived) in the Somali region (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.37, 1.90), having a parity of 4-5 (AOR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.66), and having ≥6 children (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.7), being a contraceptive user (AOR = 3, 95% CI: 2.5, 3.6), being currently pregnant (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 2.3, 3.4), having no ANC follow-up (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.6, 2.3), being married women (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.9), and user of unimproved toilet facility (AOR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.6) were significantly positively associated with anemia. Finally, the anemia burden was dangerously greater than the national average. The region, usage of contraceptives, being pregnant at the time, ANC follow-up, toilet facilities, parity, and marital status all had a substantial impact on anemia. Therefore, to lessen the prevalence of anemia in certain parts of Ethiopia, public health initiatives that improve maternal health service utilization are required, such as ANC follow-up to minimize parity.

Use of iron in perinatal anaemia: Indications for women’s health care policies and procedure

This paper reviews management of obstetric anaemia and the role of intravenous iron for the treatment of obstetric anaemia. Red blood cell transfusions are routinely used for haemoglobin restoration in anaemic women. The decision for red blood cell transfusion is made on a combination of haemoglobin level and clinical status, and it is suggested that transfusions are not necessary in those who are well compensated or when alternative therapy is available. To reduce the risk, intravenous iron infusion is proposed as a bloodless therapeutic approach. There are a variety of iron preparations. Intravenous iron infusion can reduce the requirement for blood transfusion in hemodynamically stable women with perinatal anaemia, especially in resource-scarce settings. It a cost-effective bloodless approach for the treatment of anaemia than can enhance patient outcomes. According to the literature, when haemoglobin is greater than 90 g/L, blood transfusion is not often required. In perinatal women with anaemia, the decision whether to administer blood or iron is based on patient preferences, haemoglobin levels, clinical symptoms, past and present medical conditions and the clinician’s judgement. Nevertheless, due to the lack of rigid criteria for blood transfusions in the majority of clinical settings, it is considered the default treatment for anaemia in perinatal women.

RAPIDIRON Trial follow-up study — the RAPIDIRON-KIDS Study: protocol of a prospective observational follow-up study

BackgroundAnemia is a worldwide problem with iron deficiency being the most common cause. When anemia occurs in pregnancy, it increases the risk of adverse maternal, fetal, and postnatal outcomes. It induces preterm births and low birth weight (LBW) deliveries, long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae, and an increased risk of earlier onset of postnatal iron deficiency. Anemia rates are among the highest in South Asia, and India’s National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) for 2019–2021 indicated that over half of pregnant women, and more than 65% of children, in the country are classified as anemic (Sciences IIfP, National Family Health Survey-5, 2019–21, India Fact Sheet). In 2021, the parent RAPIDIRON Trial (Derman et al., Trials 22:649, 2021) was initiated in two states in India, with the goal of assessing whether a dose of intravenous (IV) iron given to anemic women during early pregnancy results in a greater proportion of participants with normal hemoglobin concentrations in the third trimester and a lower proportion of participants with LBW deliveries compared to oral iron. As a follow-up to the RAPIDIRON Trial, the RAPIDIRON-KIDS Study will follow the offspring of previously randomized mothers to assess, neurobehavioral, hematological, and health outcomes.MethodsThis prospective observational cohort study will follow a subset of participants previously randomized as part of the RAPIDIRON Trial and their newborns. Study visits occur at birth, 6 weeks, 4 months, 12 months, 24 months, and 36 months and include blood sample collection with both maternal and infant participants and specific neurobehavioral assessments conducted with the infants (depending on the study visit). The primary outcomes of interest are (1) infant iron status as indicated by both hemoglobin and ferritin (a) at birth and (b) at 4 months of age and (2) the developmental quotient (DQ) for the cognitive domain of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development Version IV (BSID-IV) at 24 months of age.DiscussionThis RAPIDIRON-KIDS Study builds upon its parent RAPIDIRON Trial by following a subset of the previously randomized participants and their offspring through the first 3 years of life to assess neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral (infants, children), hematological, and health outcomes.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05504863, Registered on 17 August 2022. Clinical Trials Registry – India CTRI/2022/05/042933. Registered on 31 May 2022.

Pengaruh Pemberian Sari Kacang Hijau Terhadap Peningkatan Kadar Hemoglobin pada Ibu Hamil Anemia

Anemia is a condition where the number and size of red blood cells or hemoglobin concentration is below the normal limit value. It is estimated that 52.5% of women in Southeast Asia experience anemia. Iron content. Green beans are a source of vegetable protein, vitamins (A, B1, C and E), as well as several other substances that are very beneficial for the human body. The aim of this research was to see the effect of giving green bean juice on increasing hemoglobin levels of anemic pregnant women in the Lubuk Buaya Padang Health Center work area. The research design used quantitative quasi-experimental methods, one group pretest-posttest design. The sample size was 15 pregnant women. Research results The average hemoglobin levels of pregnant women before and after being given green bean juice in the treatment group were 10.5 gr/dL and 11.4 gr/dl. In these results there was an increase in hemoglobin levels. There is an effect of giving green bean juice on increasing hemoglobin levels in pregnant women with anemia, the result is p value = 0.000 and the significance value is greater than 5% (p=0.000&lt;0.05 for the variable Hb level (0.000). This means that giving green bean juice can increase Hb levels of pregnant women. This study concluded that there was an effect of giving green bean juice on increasing the value of hemoglobin levels in pregnant women.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE ISI PIRINGKU METHOD IN IMPROVING THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF ANEMIA PREGNANT WOMEN IN KARANGPLOSO HEALTH CENTER AREA, MALANG REGENCY

Anemia in pregnancy is a problem in Indonesia which is still the focus of attention in treating health problems. The role of cadres as the leading pillar in community services, especially pregnant women, is the main focus that needs to be prioritized. Increasing the knowledge and skills of cadres is important to improve the quality of services to the community, especially anemic pregnant women. By increasing understanding and developing the Isi Piringku approach, this community service seeks to strengthen the position of posyandu cadres to improve the nutritional status of anemic pregnant women. This activity consists of TOT (training of trainers) for cadres. Training activities for cadres consist of material about anemia in pregnant women and efforts to overcome it, as well as training on the Fill My Plate method to improve the nutritional status of anemic pregnant women. This community service activity was carried out in the Karangploso District work area with a focus on selected posyandu targeting anemic pregnant women. The results of this community service activity can be seen by the significant difference between before and after counseling with a p-value of 0.006 (α&lt;0.05) regarding the nutritional status of anemic pregnant women. This community service activity concludes that the counseling and training provided can increase the knowledge of posyandu cadres in improving the nutritional status of anemic pregnant women using the ISI PIRINGKU method as an effort to reduce maternal mortality.

The correlation between iron deficiency anemia and hypothyroidism during pregnancy

Abstract Background: Pregnant women are often iron deficient, and this has adverse effects on thyroid metabolism. Impaired maternal thyroid function in pregnancy may cause neurodevelopmental delay in the offspring. Objectives: To investigate if maternal iron status is a determinant of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and/or free T4 (FT4) concentrations during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: A case–control study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Azadi Teaching Hospital, Kirkuk, Iraq over a period of 7 months from February 1st to September 1st, 2020. It included 80 pregnant women with singleton pregnancy in the obstetric outpatient clinic and labor room. Verbal consent was obtained. They were divided into: (1) case group: it included 40 cases of iron deficiency (ID) anemic pregnant women with hemoglobin level of 105 g/L and less in the second and third trimesters. (2) Control group: It included 40 cases of healthy pregnant women. Estimation of gestational age was done depending on the date of last menstrual cycle, and/or early ultrasound scan. Results: In this study, 80 pregnant women in their second and third trimesters participated. Fifty percent were anemic, had elevated serum soluble transferrin receptor and negative body iron stores, 35% had a free T4 less than 7.5 pmol/L, and 47.5% had a TSH more than 4.0 mIU/L. 47.5% who were hypothyroid had negative body iron store. Serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, and body iron stores were highly significant predictors of thyroid status. Conclusions: Poor maternal iron status predicts both higher TSH and lower free T4 concentrations during pregnancy. On the basis of results, we had there may be a correlation between ID anemia of pregnant women and their thyroid status.