Andrographis Paniculata Research Articles (Page 1)

Identification of allelochemicals and investigation of the mechanism of action of Andrographis paniculata.

Dynamics, fate, and dietary health risks of chlorpyrifos and atrazine in Andrographis paniculata

481 Andrographis paniculata extract promotes skin homeostasis through synergistic effects on human epidermal stem cells and their microenvironment

Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) is an important medicinal plant growing in the Southeast Asia. Recent initiatives have been undertaken by various agencies to promote its cultivation. Symptoms such as leaf curling, yellowing of vein and clearing were observed on Kalmegh plants in Bhubaneshwar, Odisha. To identify the causal virus, DNA extracted using the CTAB method and subjected to PCR amplification using primers targeting the coat protein gene, DNA-A and the associated betasatellite. The coat protein gene, DNA-A component and betasatellite were successfully amplified, cloned and sequenced. The sizes of the begomovirus DNA-A and betasatellite components were approximately 2.7 kb and 1.4 kb respectively. The nucleotide sequence shared highest identity (89 %) with Andrographis yellow vein leaf curl virus (AYVLCV) isolate- 64 (KM359406). The associated betasatellite showed 95 % sequence similarity with AYVLC betasatellite (KC9672282, KM359409). The analysis identified three key structural elements: the satellite conserved region (SCR), an adenine (A)-rich region and the open reading frame (ORF) ßC1. The present investigation characterizes the leaf curl virus and the associated satellite DNA molecule, which will pave the way for further research for reliable diagnosis, epidemiology and durable management strategies.

The inflammatory response is a protective biological response to harmful stimuli involving immune cells and inflammatory mediators. However, chronic inflammation can trigger a variety of inflammatory diseases. In this study, we screened natural products for anti-inflammatory materials. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees (A. paniculata) is used to treat inflammatory diseases in Asia. However, the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory effect is unclear. We analyzed the anti-inflammatory effect of A. paniculata boiling water extract (APW) and A. paniculata 70% EtOH extract (AP70E) and the underlying mechanisms of action. Interestingly, 100 µg/mL AP70E suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nitric oxide (NO) production to a significantly greater degree than APW. In addition, 100 µg/mL AP70E significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 and suppressed the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Janus kinase (JAK)/signaling transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling axes. Moreover, it significantly reduced the activity of the JAK/STAT axis independently of its reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. In conclusion, AP70E has potential as an anti-inflammatory agent.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-025-05143-y.

Maximizing andrographolide production through optimized in vitro micropropagation of colchiploid Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees

The rise of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria poses a significant threat in healthcare. These bacteria render common antibiotics ineffective, necessitating stronger options with potentially harsher side effects. To combat these resistant strains, researchers are exploring two avenues: developing new antibiotics and creating drugs that inhibit beta-lactamase activity. This study focused on the anti-beta-lactamase potential of 27 phytochemicals against class A Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) of Klebsiella pneumoniae, specifically CTX-M-15, SHV-1, SHV-2 and KPC-2, using molecular docking simulations. Docking analysis and ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) predictions were performed using CB-Dock v.2 and SwissADME web servers, respectively. Phytochemicals derived from Brideliastipularis, Andrographis paniculata, quercetin derivatives, and withanolides were screened for their inhibitory activity against beta-lactamases. Interestingly, withanolides, a class of steroidal compounds, displayed high inhibition potential. Among these, withanolide B exhibited remarkable inhibitory activity against three beta-lactamase enzymes, with the SHV-2-withanolide B complex demonstrating a binding score of -10.2 kcal/mol. This study primarily discusses phytochemicals with high binding scores and favorable drug-like properties.

Liver injury in non-severe COVID-19 with various pandemic phases: A real-world study.

Deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying of Xin Xue Granule on LPS-induced pyrexia rats: A multi-omics analysis.

Light-induced Dof transcription factors up-regulate the andrographolide biosynthesis in Andrographis paniculata

Targeting thioredoxin reductase 1 by Andrographolide contributes to inducing ROS-mediated apoptosis in human NSCLC cells.

Enhancing Growth Performance and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Composition of the Nile Tilapia through Dietary Supplementation of Andrographis paniculata Leaves Extract

Malaria continues to be a significant life-threatening parasitic disease, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. It is transmitted by infected Anopheles mosquitoes that carry Plasmodium species. In India, the predominant species are P. falciparum and P. vivax, with the emergence of drug-resistant strains highlighting the urgent need for alternative treatment options. Ethnomedicinal plants have long been used by rural and tribal communities for the prevention and treatment of malaria. This review systematically compiles information on 33 indigenous plant species used across India, detailing the plant parts used, preparation methods, and bioactive compounds present. Key phytochemicals, such as alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides etc etc demonstrated the potentialities antiplasmodial, immunomodulatory, symptomatic relief activities etc. Important ethnomedicinal species, including Andrographis paniculata, Swertia chirata, Azadirachta indica, Artemisia nilagirica etc demonstrate efficacy against both chloroquine-sensitive and resistant strains of malaria. These findings demonstrate the scientific and therapeutic relevance of ethnomedicinal plants as accessible, affordable and effective alternatives for malaria management. They also emphasize the importance of traditional knowledge in drug discovery and public health policies.

Chemometric discrimination of electrolyte and sugar leakage in two genotypes of Andrographis paniculata under different heavy metal stresses.

Introduction:Traditional medicine has made use of the anti-inflammatory qualities of Andrographis paniculata to enhance patient outcomes. The negligible toxicity and biological benefits of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) make them interesting. This work investigates the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles utilizing extracts from Andrographis paniculata using a STEM-mediated method, and assesses the toxicity and anti-inflammatory properties of the resulting material for developing embryos. Aim: To synthesize selenium nanoparticles using Andrographis paniculata extracts and assess their anti-inflammatory properties and embryonic toxicity to evaluate their potential for biomedical applications. Material and methods : Using extracts from Andrographis paniculata, selenium ions were reduced to generate selenium nanoparticles. Using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), the nanoparticles was evaluated. Using a panel of tests, comprised of the bovine serum albumin (BSA) assay for protein denaturation, the membrane stabilization assay for erythrocyte membrane protection, and the Egg Albumin Denaturation Assay is used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of substances by measuring their ability to inhibit the denaturation of egg albumin, a model protein. Zebrafish embryo models are employed for evaluating the toxicity of embryonic materials, in addition to hatching and viability rates have been recorded using graphical analysis. Results: The production of nanoparticles made of selenium with an identical size distribution was validated by STEM analysis. Profound anti-inflammatory effects were demonstrated by anti-inflammatory assays, which demonstrated a considerable suppression of protein denaturation in the BSA assay, increased membrane stabilization in the membrane stabilization assay, and decreased erythrocyte aggregation in the EA assay. Adverse effects were dose-dependent at higher doses, but at lower concentrations zebrafish embryo toxicity tests showed little harm. The viability and hatching rate graphs showed that selenium nanoparticles were well-tolerated at the right doses. Conclusion: With the help of Andrographis paniculata extracts, selenium nanoparticles were effectively synthesized, and at the right doses, they demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory efficacy and minimal embryonic damage. These findings point to the possibility of using selenium nanoparticles mediated by Andrographis paniculata in anti-inflammatory treatments and other biological contexts.

Introduction:Nanotechnology is revolutionizing biomedical sciences, particularly in synthesizing selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) using plant-based methods. These plants contain metabolites like proteins and flavonoids that act as reducing agents to generate and stabilize nanoparticles. SeNPs, known for their immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties, are significant in medicine, agriculture, and environmental applications. Andrographis paniculata, a traditional medicinal plant, shows promising cytotoxic and free radical scavenging activities when used in SeNP synthesis. Materials and methods : The study investigates the cytotoxic effect and free radical scavenging activity of selenium nanoparticles synthesized using Andrographis paniculata. The plant extract, prepared by filtering the leaves, was mixed with sodium selenite to produce the nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were then tested on brine shrimp nauplii to assess their toxicity at various concentrations. Observations and data calculation were performed to evaluate the mortality rate, providing insight into the potential biomedical applications of the synthesized nanoparticle Results: The study evaluates selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) synthesized using Andrographis paniculata for their cytotoxic and antioxidant properties. The SeNPs exhibit dose-dependent antioxidant activity, with increasing efficacy at higher concentrations, comparable to standard antioxidants. Although the standard shows greater antioxidant activity at lower doses, A. paniculata SeNPs demonstrate significant inhibition of oxidative agents, suggesting their potential for biomedical applications. Additionally, the SeNPs show minimal cytotoxicity and promote wound healing, while the nauplii assay reveals a time and dose-dependent cytotoxic effect, highlighting their therapeutic versatility. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that Andrographis paniculata stem extract effectively synthesizes selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) with strong cytotoxic and antioxidant properties. These SeNPs show significant potential as therapeutic agents in cancer treatment due to their notable cytotoxic effects against various cancer cell lines. Additionally, their robust free radical scavenging activity underscores their potential as antioxidants. The dual functionality of A. paniculata stem-mediated SeNPs offers a promising avenue for developing novel anticancer and antioxidant therapies. Further research is essential to understand their mechanisms and assess in vivo efficacy and safety.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer globally and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with over 1.9 million new cases and 935,000 deaths reported in 2020. Despite therapeutic advances, recurrence, drug resistance, and systemic toxicity remain major challenges. Natural products withantioxidant and cytotoxic activity are increasingly investigated as complementary therapies. Andrographis paniculata (Sambiloto), rich in andrographolide, exerts anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting migration and invasion, and modulating PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signalling pathway. Catharanthus roseus (TapakDara) produces vinca alkaloids, including vincristine and vinblastine, which inhibit microtubule polymerization and are widely used in chemotherapy. Combining these extracts may enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity through synergistic interactions. This in vitro study assessed the cytotoxic and synergistic effectsof A. paniculata extract (APE) and C. roseus extract (CRE) on HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells. Extracts were prepared by ethanol maceration, and cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay at concentrations ranging from 5 to 100 μg/mL. IC₅₀ values were calculated using linear regression, and the combination index(CI) was determined at 1, 1/2 and 1/4 IC₅₀ to evaluate synergism. APE and CRE exhibited comparable cytotoxicity, with IC₅₀ values of 90 μg/mL and 89.5 μg/mL, respectively. The combination treatment revealed synergistic effects (CI <1) at multiple ratios, particularly at 1/4 IC₅₀ (CI = 0.58), demonstrating enhancedcytotoxicity at reduced concentrations. Both APE and CRE demonstrated significant cytotoxic effects against HCT-116 cells. Their combination produced synergistic interactions, suggesting potential as complementary phytotherapeutic agents for CRC with the benefits of dose reduction and minimized toxicity. Further in vivo and mechanistic studies are warranted.

Elevated cholesterol levels can lead to various diseases and reduce quality of life, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which poses a growing global health concern. Andrographis paniculata (sambiloto) contains andrographolide, a bioactive compound known to inhibit cholesterol synthesis, suggesting its potential as a herbal alternative to manage hypercholesterolemia. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sambiloto leaf extract (Andrographis paniculata Nees) on the liver histopathology of male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) fed a high-cholesterol diet. This true experimental laboratory study used a post-test control group design with randomized probability sampling. Rats were divided into six groups: normal control, negative control, positive control (atorvastatin), and three treatment groups receiving sambiloto extract at doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kgBW. Liver histopathology was assessed using the NAFLD Activity Score (NAS), and data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by post hoc LSD analysis. The results showed a significant effect of sambiloto extract on liver histopathological changes (p = 0.028, p < 0.05), although no significant differences were observed among the different dosage groups. In conclusion, sambiloto leaf extract has a significant influence on improving liver histopathological profiles in male Wistar rats fed a high-cholesterol diet.

Abstract Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) pose significant global health challenges, often worsened by the use of certain therapeutic agents and exposure to environmental toxins. This review aims to explore the nephroprotective role of botanicals, specifically focusing on the damage to kidneys caused by prolonged use of modern medicines and environmental toxicants. Main body of the abstract This review provides a detailed overview of Traditional Indian Medicinal Plants (TIMP), highlighting their botanical components and the potential mechanisms through which they offer nephroprotection in cases of chronic kidney disease. The analysis includes existing research studies on the nephroprotective effects of these plants, particularly in the context of both acute and chronic kidney diseases. Findings suggest that botanicals derived from TIMP hold promising potential for developing nephroprotective therapies. Short conclusion Research has shown that TIMP can effectively reduce kidney damage induced by various nephrotoxic agents, as evidenced by studies on animal models. Some of the TIMP with notable potential for treating chronic kidney disease include Camelia sinensis (L.), Nigella sativa (L.), Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.), Daucus carota (L.), Foeniculum vulgare (L.), Glycyrrhiza glabra (L.), and Cucumis sativus (L.). Graphical abstract

BackgroundThis study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of a newly formulated Andrographis paniculata intimate wash in comparison with commercial brands (SebaMed®, Sumber Ayu, Lactacyd®, and Good Virtue & Co.) against vaginal pathogens. The antimicrobial activity of each formulation was tested against Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Additionally, Lactobacillus crispatus was tested to ensure the formulations did not inhibit normal vaginal flora.MethodsThe broth microdilution method was used to assess antimicrobial efficacy by calculating the percentage of microbial inhibition. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for A. paniculata and commercial intimate washes against the tested pathogens, except for L. crispatus, due to the inability to observe turbidity. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was evaluated for the A. paniculata intimate wash against the same pathogens.ResultsThe A. paniculata intimate wash showed the highest percentage of microbial inhibition across all tested pathogens. It also recorded MIC and MBC values of 3.125 mg/ml against E. coli and C. albicans. Among commercial products, SebaMed® demonstrated the strongest antimicrobial effect against S. agalactiae at the same MIC concentration. The study concluded that the A. paniculata intimate wash is a potentially effective treatment for selected vaginal pathogens at higher concentrations and may promote the growth of L. crispatus. SebaMed®, a clinically established product, also exhibited notable antimicrobial properties. However, further in vivo and clinical trials are necessary to confirm efficacy and assess toxicity. The study highlights the need for continued research into the potential of herbal intimate washes for treating vaginal infections.