Marxist Research Articles

О трояком методе приращения знаний о религии

This paper is devoted to methodological way of research in religious studies, which could unite three different methods: first, cognitive science of religion (CSR), second, Marxist historical materialism, third, method of conceptual history. The CSR deals with data of social and evolutionary psychology describing social processes primarily by means of natural sciences. The Marxist approach, in its turn, points out specific human traits of social interaction. In this context, the Marxism could analyze religion-state and church-state relations as a product of complicated process of production, exchange, distribution and consumption of material goods resp. as a product of class inequality and struggle. The conceptual history (in R. Koselleck’s understanding) covers a particular but nevertheless important field of building the intellectual (philosophical, political, theological) worldview which reversely influences the whole religious community changing its cultural identity. Each method does not contradict others, however, each of them explains different aspects of religious life. The CSR explains the stability of the religious tradition, Marxism – its social roots and drive belts, while the history of concepts deals with the worldview evolution of an intellectual upper class, which produces theologies. The paper is provided with an example of applying the proposed synthesis to philosophy of religion of the German Idealism.

LENIN E A DEMOCRACIA

One of the most recurrent criticisms of Marxist political theory is the lack of reflection on the relationship between democracy and socialism. Even though the historical experiences of building socialism have not succeeded in putting socialist and proletarian democracy into practice, the discussion about its implementation can be found in important works by the precursors of Marxism, such as Marx and Lenin. The aim of this article is to review Lenin’s main reflections on bourgeois democracy and socialist democracy.

M. N. Roy and the Problem of Parliamentary Democracy.

This article offers a new interpretation of anti-colonial constitutional thought of the mid-twentieth century. Historians and political theorists have long viewed the circulation of democratic constitutions at the moment of decolonization in terms of the diffusion of electoral, parliamentary government. This article argues against such a "parliamentary" reading of anti-colonial democracy by examining the political thought of Indian Marxist thinker M. N. Roy (1887-1954). I reconstruct Roy's writings on anti-parliamentary forms of popular sovereignty through the 1940s. Further, I situate Roy's democratic theory as a response to understandings of political representation within the Indian national movement.

Three Dimensions of the Practical Turn in Ideological Theory

Marx and Engels, based on practical materialism and employing the philosophical paradigms of historical materialism and dialectics, developed the theory of ideology, marking its first practical turn. Grounded in the philosophical paradigm established by Marxism, Gramsci later formulated the theory of ideological hegemony, laying the cornerstone for Western Marxist ideology theory. Western scholars further advanced this practical turn by exploring the dimensions of popular culture, science and technology, and modernization.

Hipopotam w błocie. Zbigniewa Herberta kłopoty z katolicyzmem

This article discusses Zbigniew Herbert’s attitude to Catholicism during the 1940s. The fledgling poet was then in a period of intense intellectual and religious enquiry. He began collaborating with Catholic magazines, attempting to publish his poetic and journalistic texts. In his correspondence he discussed with various other authors the ideaological attractiveness of preconciliar Catholicism, at the time the most serious counterproposal to the Marxist ideology.

Październik 1956 roku w Wyższej Szkole Ekonomicznej w Sopocie i Wyższej Szkole Pedagogicznej w Gdańsku

The Higher School of Economics in Sopot and the Higher School of Pedagogy in Gdansk were universities established just after World War II and strongly ideologized in the 1950s. The purpose of this article is to reconstruct the events that took place during the October transition at both universities and also to identify the changes these events led to at party meetings. The introduction discusses the history of the WSE in Sopot and the WSE in Gdansk from the time of their establishment until 1956 and outlines the elements of ideological pressure applied to employees and students. An analysis of the minutes of university bodies (staff meetings, Senates) and party bodies at the universities (POP and KU PZPR) and above the universities (KM PZPR in Sopot, KW PZPR in Gdansk), memoirs of students and employees, and newspaper articles were used to achieve the goal. The changes that took place at the universities were primarily concerned with democratization, greater openness in discussion (while remaining faithful to broad Marxist ideology), changes in the conceptual instrumentarium and criticism of both the USSR and national and university authorities. Virtually all groups comprising the WSE and WSP academic community were involved in the 1956 changes, albeit to varying degrees and in different forms. Employees were more involved at meetings of university and party committees, while students were involved at rallies and in the forums of youth organizations.

Bishnu Prasad Rabha- A social revolutionary and influence of marxist ideology

Bishnu Prasad Rabha- A social revolutionary and influence of marxist ideology

The Concept of Marx Happiness in China

China has been the socialist country since 1949, when the new country was established. Communist Party of China (CPC) selected Marxism as the governing ideology for China which is consistent with the hierarchical and centre government system. CPC is dedicated to improving happiness of society for the citizens within the framework of Marxism ideology. However, the concept of Marxism happiness, and its development are still limited in terms of understanding and study. This paper explored the development of concept of Marxism happiness through the different works of Marx from his early writing to the authoritative academic book. The researcher then defined the concept of Marxism Happiness. This paper employs document analysis and thematic analysis to provide a clear understanding of the concept of Marxism Happiness and its implication for the happiness of Chinese citizens, meanwhile, it would be conducive to the researchers and policy makers in ideological construction of a country.

The Ubiquity of Asia: Cai Guo-Qiang's Fireworks and Spectral Marxism

Asia is everywhere. Asia feels ubiquitous, from soft to hard power; from high to low culture; and from the Americas to Africa. In the American cycle of capital accumulation, under Giovanni Arrighi's schema, the overrepresentation of the United States was marked through representation-based and symbolic notions like Disneyfication (Jean Baudrillard) and “the ascendancy of whiteness” (Rey Chow). Under our contemporary Asian cycle of capital accumulation, this geographic area's affective ubiquity appears much like that of the US by saturating global public sentiment. However, considering that Asia's ubiquity emerges across sites like China, South Korea, India, and Japan, among others, what might we use to capture this sense of affective intensity and spread beyond representation-based frames? More specifically, how do we contend with geographic space within racial capital today, and how might we update our models for understanding race and capital so as to fully grapple with this transitional moment from American empire to Global Asia? Under the American cycle, representational frames like Orientalism and white supremacy emerged to understand Asian racialization. Can these frames still help explain the ubiquity of Asia today? This essay explores how we might discuss the subject beyond representation and in light of the ubiquity of Asia and what methods we deploy for Marxist analysis. This essay focuses less on Asian bodies and Asian spaces and turns toward aesthetic objects and practices that engage the affective sublime. More specifically, it examines the aesthetics of fireworks for what they might offer as a lexicon to contend with the transition in cycles of capital accumulation and changes in our ideas of space and race. The article thus turns to the artist Cai Guo-Qiang for insight on the subject amid contemporary racial capital and the methods available for critique.

Marxist Analysis of Economic Conditions in “The Jungle Book”: Unveiling Socioeconomic Battles in the Animated World

Marxist Analysis of Economic Conditions in “The Jungle Book”: Unveiling Socioeconomic Battles in the Animated World

Marxist Analysis of Capitalistic Trauma and Its Impact on Moral Degeneration After Industrial Revolution

The study's objective is to present a Marxist interpretation of American society as it is portrayed in Stephen Crane's Maggie: A Girl of the Streets. It was never going to be published because of its eccentricity. Additionally, the story shows the seedy side of life that is full of prostitution, sexual activity, and destitution; all of these things are shown in an unflattering way. Crane's portrayal of a population of impoverished Irish immigrants living in appalling conditions is a striking example of capitalist exploitation and poverty, with low wages, filthy living conditions, and an acute need for immoral activities to survive the harsh industrial revolution era. The work serves as an example of how capitalism and the decline of moral principles are intertwined. The study employs a sociological approach to examine the miserable circumstances of the characters in the novel's social background. A Marxist analysis of the current narrative underscores the detrimental effects of capitalistic monetization, including moral degradation and the dehumanizing effects of the capitalistic economic system. In order to evaluate the core data, the researcher used a qualitative descriptive approach. The supporting data, on the other hand, were gathered from books, papers, journals, internet sites, and other sources.

Securing the Pandemic: Biopolitics, Capital, and COVID-19

In this article, I consider the interoperation of twin contemporary governmental imperatives, fostering economic growth and ensuring biopolitical security, in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. At a theoretical level, I thereby consider the question of the applicability of a Marxist analysis vis-à-vis a Foucauldian one in understanding state responses to the pandemic. Despite the apparent prioritization of preserving life over economic activity by governments around the world in this context, I will argue that the basic problem that COVID-19 posed for the state was one of sheer unknowability and that the fundamental motive for the governmental response was a concern for security in Foucault’s sense, that is, ensuring a baseline predictability in the social field, upon which economic activity, like myriad other social activity, is premised. I argue that this drive for security motivated states to appeal to medical experts to determine the direction of their response, who in turn applied a default model of quarantine. While we cannot be certain that the medically-guided response was optimal in terms either of health outcomes or economically, I argue it served its essential purpose by providing a structured framework for social action in the face of the unknown. While this is vital for the maintenance of the basic coordinates of capitalist society, I argue it nonetheless cannot entirely be explained simply by an appeal to Marxist categories and instead requires Foucault’s insights into the medicalization of society.

Советская политическая антропология между молотом идеологии и наковальней практики

The article attempts to explore the relationship between political power and the semantic picture of the world. Its purpose is to consolidate society and legitimize power. The article highlights the importance of the anthropological ideal in shaping the semantic picture of the world, which is formed by social institutions and transmitted by the media. The Soviet experience serves as a striking example of this relationship. Throughout the formation and development of Soviet power, the legitimacy of the regime was supported by Marxism ideology. However, the content of this teaching was systematically altered to suit current political objectives. Additionally, the proclaimed anthropological ideal of the Soviet man was characterized by responsible initiative and an active life position. However, in real social life, strict control and regulation were often enforced, leaving individuals without autonomy from childhood to old age. Ultimately, this has given rise to a paradoxical combination of infantilism, irresponsibility, intolerance, and lack of agreement that is deeply rooted to this day. People find themselves unable to form equal relationships and solve problems independently. We have developed a habit of resolving all issues, whether they are related to production or personal matters, through a vertical approach, using either a complaint or a denunciation. The analysis was conducted from a pragmasemantic perspective, which allows for the operational specification of the contexts of socio-cultural practices and the role of personal subjectivity in the dynamics of these practices. This prospect allows for political engineering based on specific considerations of each society's cultural and historical experiences, real problems, and common interests of social forces and actors, rather than abstract ideas and models. The language used is clear, objective, and value-neutral, with a formal register and precise word choice. The sentence structure is simple and logical, with causal connections between statements. The text is free from grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and punctuation errors. No changes in content have been made.

Metodologi Hermeneutika Hassan Hanafi

As a methodology for interpreting the Qur'an, hermeneutics consists of three models, objective hermeneutics, subjective hermeneutics and liberation hermeneutics. Speaking of Hassan Hanafi, of course, cannot be separated from the framework of occidentalism that he echoes as a form of response to orientalism thought developed by Western thinkers. Hasan Hanafi carries three extraordinary programs that are oriented towards the reconstruction of an liberated and independent Islamic culture. With his first program, Mawqifuna min al-turats al-qadim, Hasan Hanafi wants to reform Islamic thought by revitalizing classical turats and reconstructing them so that they are not obsolete and useful for today. The procedure of interpretation offered by Hasan Hanafi, that before interpreting a text, an interpreter must first analyze his own experience to bring up interests, motivations, and social positions. With its realist, thematic, temporal, transformative and experimental character, the interpretation methodology offered by Hasan Hanafi, in addition to showing the frame of renewal of his thinking, also appears to have been led to legitimize his leftist renewal project. In this interest bias is the occurrence of contradictions in hermeneutical thinking. On the one hand, turning the textualist paradigm of classical hermeneutics into a realist paradigm, while on the other hand, the objective scientific orientation of modern Qur'anic hermeneutics is returned to a subjective orientation as in classical hermeneutics. In turn, it can be concluded that the phenomenological and Marxist approaches with the main characteristics of inter-class conflict analysis in society, are so prominent even though they are clad under the pretext of asbab al nuzul and masalih al ummah theories.

A.A. Bogdanov as a Sociologist and Utopian: the «Klass für Sich» Problem

The article explicates the sociological and socio-utopian aspects of the general organizational concept of the Russian scientist encyclopedist A.A. Bogdanov (1873–1928), who referred himself to the sociological school of Marx. Bogdanov's modification of the Marxist approach to the social structure of capitalist society is shown, emphasizing the problem of becoming a "class for oneself" ("klasse für sich"), on the one hand, for the industrial proletariat, on the other hand, for the social group of technical intelligentsia. Bogdanov's analysis of technical intelligentsia as a sociological category is considered in the context of the Russian debates of the early twentieth century. about the class nature of the intelligentsia, the American utopia of technocracy and the utopia of "proletarian culture" by Bogdanov himself.

Integration of Marxist ideology education in the education of ideologic and politic system of colleges and universities

Abstract Based on the technology of big data, this paper utilizes the IKH algorithm to study the optimal selection of education of ideologic and politic strategies, and constructs the education of ideologic and politic strategy selection model according to the IKH-PP algorithm according to the positive and negative incentive strategies of education of ideologic and politic and the improved krill swarm algorithm. Starting from the ideological and political teaching objectives, the evaluation system is determined, and the objective function of the education of ideologic and politic strategy selection model of the IKH-PP algorithm is derived by using projection-seeking analysis. Combining the research dimensions and research hypotheses, we complete the design of the ideological and political research in institution of higher education that integrates Marxist ideology, and use statistical analysis to conduct empirical analysis of education of ideologic and politic in institution of higher education. The results depict that on the model, compared with KH-PP, the precision of education of ideologic and politic strategy selection is improved by 3.96% and 4.1%, and IKH-PP can effectively improve the precision of education of ideologic and politic strategy selection. On the analysis of teaching examples, the Sig. Values of all 11 independent variables are less than 0.01, indicating that all 11 common factors show a significant positive correlation with the ideologic and behavioral choices of making ideologic and politic of identifying with the integration of Marxism in the value conflict. This study makes the theory of education of ideologic and politic in institution of higher education richer and better and is of great significance to the development of ideological and political and Marxist ideology integration teaching.

Unpacking the Class Struggle in Emily Dickinson’s Because I Could Not Stop for Death: A Marxist Analysis

This research paper explores a Marxist analysis of Emily Dickinson’s Because I could not stop for Death. This research takes a qualitative approach, which will involve a close reading of Dickinson’s poem to identify instances that reflect Marxist ideology. Drawing on the concepts of exploitation, alienation, and class-consciousness, this paper demonstrates how the poem can be read as a critique of the capitalist system, which serves the interests of the ruling elite at the expense of the proletariat. The poem’s central metaphor of Death as the controlling force behind the journey underscores the coercive and suppressive nature of the bourgeois regime. The imagery of the sights and sounds encountered enroute likewise symbolizes the exploitation of the working class for the benefit of the capitalist class. Ultimately, the speaker’s final realization of the ongoing struggle and the need for revolutionary struggle highlights the Marxist ideals of revolutionary consciousness as a vital component of class resistance. While this paper is limited in scope and depth, it offers a unique perspective on the significance of one of Dickinson’s most famous poems as a social critique of the dominant political and economic structure of its time.

Analysis of the Relationship between Marx's Doctoral Thesis and Modern Enlightenment Thought

Marx's Doctoral thesis, as the starting point of Marx's thought, has always been the focus of domestic scholars' attention. Marx's thought is the product of enlightenment, although Marx did not specifically discuss the inheritance of Enlightenment thought in the texts left by Marx, so in what sense Marx's thought inherited the Enlightenment thought is a topic worth exploring. In his Doctoral Thesis, Marx's analysis of Epicurean philosophy in ancient Greece is a key to understanding the relationship between Marx and Enlightenment thought, and the principle of agency in Epicurean philosophy can be regarded as the key to Epicurean philosophy. The relationship between Epicurus, enlightenment and Marx has become an inescapable topic in understanding Marx's thought.

Analysis of the multiple dimensions of ideological education in Marxist theory

Abstract A model is utilized in this paper to analyze the textual emotions of ideology in Marxist theory. Long and short-term memory networks are chosen as the main method of text analysis to construct the main process of Marxist ideology education. Combined with the hybrid self-attention mechanism, the efficiency of extracting data features from the text was improved. The results show that the ALBERT-SABL-based sentiment analysis model is 86.9% accurate in extracting the sentiment of the ideology, and the F1 value is 87.6%. Compared with TextCnn, the accuracy has improved by 1.8%. Different schools have different levels of identification with Marx’s ideology, and under the identification dimension, the highest sentiment identification dimension among the eight school samples is School 2, with a dimension of 100. This study provides reference data in the ideological education of Marxist theory and promotes the development of Marx’s ideology.

The "Changes" and "Constants" of Labour Education in Colleges and Universities in the New Era

In the new era, new changes have occurred in the educational object, educational content and educational form of college labour education, but its mission of nurturing people by adhering to the guiding ideology of Marxism, the fundamental principle of unity of knowledge and practice, and the cultivation of talents needed by the times remains unchanged. Based on this, labour education in colleges and universities in the new era should seek changes in the tension between "change" and "no change", and create a new form of labour education under the educational concept of "three-whole-education", in order to promote Labour education in colleges and universities can attract students, retain students, teach students well, and help colleges and universities to accomplish the mission of cultivating morality and educating people.