Analysis Ofthe Data Research Articles

Unlocking land lease investment potential in Zanzibar: challenges and opportunities

ABSTRACT Land is a critical resource for real estate investments globally, and in Zanzibar, accessing land leases poses significant challenges for potential investors. This study investigates the land lease process in Zanzibar, focusing on the obstacles and opportunities encountered by investors. Utilising a qualitative methodology, 14 informants were engaged through structured interviews, including government officials and real estate speculators. Thematic analysis of the data revealed key challenges: bureaucratic hurdles, weaknesses in the legal framework, inconsistent coordination among authorities, lack of transparency, and operational inefficiencies. These challenges hinder investment potential and deter both local and international investors. To address these issues, the study recommends implementing anti-corruption measures, legal reforms to simplify and clarify land lease processes, establishing a ‘One Stop Centre’ for investments, and improving administrative efficiency. By enhancing the transparency and efficiency of the land leasing system, Zanzibar can create a more conducive environment for investment. The findings of this research offer valuable insights for policymakers, scholars, and researchers aiming to improve the investment climate in Zanzibar, ultimately contributing to sustainable economic development in the region. The study emphasises the importance of targeted reforms to unlock the land lease investment potential and foster growth in various sectors.

Striving to Disclose the Electrochemical Processes of Organic Batteries.

ConspectusOrganic/polymeric materials are promising as electrode materials for batteries because of their advantages of flexibility, high specific capacity due to the possible multielectron transfer, low cost from green natural resources, and weak intermolecular interactions that enable the storage of low-cost large-sized or multivalent metal ions. However, the development of organic electrode materials (OEMs) and organic batteries and the understanding of the electrochemical process face great challenges in the characterization of polymers and the charge storage mechanisms: (1) the charged and/or discharged states of OEMs are often air unstable, which makes the ex situ characterizations susceptible to the interference of air. (2) OEMs, particularly polymeric materials, are designed to be insoluble to deliver high cyclability, which makes it difficult for them to be separated from the electrode. (3) Possible multielectron transfer makes it difficult to determine whether the proposed charge storage mechanism or the experiment results are wrong when the actual capacity mismatches with the theoretical capacity based on the proposed mechanisms. (4) It is difficult to achieve single crystals of polymers, and hence, it seems impossible to know the actual locations of the stored ions in the polymers. (5) The typical methods for characterization of insoluble polymers are only qualitative, and it is challenging to quantify the amount of stored ions. (6) Even for most in situ characterizations, they can only give the tendency of qualitative structural evolution.In this Account, we give an overview of the significance of organic batteries and the challenges related to the characterization and charge storage mechanisms of organic electrode materials. Then, we summarize our efforts in recent years to reveal the charge storage mechanisms and insights into the electrochemical process. Focusing on the complexity of polymer materials, we proposed a strategy to control the reaction kinetics in order to obtain high-quality single crystals or microcrystals of polymers. The chemical structure and reaction mechanism of polymers could be successfully revealed by single crystal structure analysis. To avoid the inconvenient characterizations brought by the insolubility of polymers, soluble monomers or oligomers were studied under the same conditions to simulate and analyze the electrochemical process of polymers. We also proposed the synthesis of isomers for a deep understanding of the structure-property relationships of OEMs. On the other hand, traditional qualitative characterization instruments or techniques were reconsidered to give more information or even quantitative results via insightful analysis of the data or smart design of experiments. In addition, by introducing internal standard substances, it was also possible to realize quantitative characterizations. Strategies to convert the black box of different charged/discharged states into detectable materials or signals were also developed. This Account provides a summary of our recent progress in understanding the electrochemical process of OEMs and prospects of future development of rechargeable organic batteries.

Adaptation of the ‘scale of classroom teachers’ digital technology use and perceptions in primary literacy education’ into Turkish and analysis according to variables

ABSTRACT The process of integrating digital technology into education dates back to early reading and writing education. In this integration, planning and sustaining the process is largely in the hands of teachers. Teachers’ perceptions and skills in using digital technology in education provide clues as to the extent to which technology and education cooperation can be beneficial. The aim of this study is to adapt the “Scale of Classroom Teachers” Use and Perceptions of Digital Technology in Early Reading and Writing Education’ developed by Fälth and Selenius (2022) into Turkish and analyze it according to demographic variables. The study group consisted of 296 first-grade teachers working in different schools. Lisrel and SPSS26 programs were used to analyze quantitative data, MAXQDA2022 program was used to categorize qualitative data. As a result of the research, high agreement was obtained in the adaptation of the scale into Turkish. In the analysis of the data according to demographic variables, there is no significant difference in the use and perceptions of digital technology in early reading and writing education according to the gender and digital education status of the participants. Significant differences were observed according to the level of education and seniority variables.

Leadership Approaches in Public Owned Industrial Organisations: Evidence from a Developing Country

This paper aims to examine the styles of leadership as practiced and desired by the management personnel within publicly owned industrial organisations in the developing country of Bangladesh. Sixty management personnel were systematically selected from three distinct manufacturing organisations for the study. Following a review of pertinent literature, a behavioural scientist assisted in the development of a questionnaire that included twenty forced-choice items. Analysis of the data was conducted using SPSS software. The findings show that perceived control in decision-making by the management personnel was much far from ideal. In the decision-making areas, such as, departmental policy making in connection with subordinates’ work, determination of the techniques and methods of the department, job assignment to subordinates, participation in subordinates’ activity, and maintenance of discipline, they had virtually little influence. They had to act in accordance with the systems and procedures laid down by the company. They, of course, desired much influence in decision-making in all the areas.

Unmet Needs Among Older Adult Informal Caregivers and Care Recipients in Singapore: A Qualitative Study

ABSTRACT With the global population aging, it is imperative to have a thorough understanding of the unmet needs experienced by older adults who require caregiving or are informal caregivers. It is also important to understand how the perspectives of caregivers and care recipients might differ and interact to mutually shape experiences during the care journey. The primary aim of this study was to provide an in-depth and holistic understanding of the unmet needs and challenges experienced by older informal caregivers and care recipients. In-depth interviews were conducted in Singapore with 43 participants aged 60 years and above (35 caregivers and eight care recipients). Five main themes emerged from the analysis of the data: i) unmet needs due to informational gaps, ii) fear of burdening family members, iii) caregivers’ de-prioritization of self-care due to care recipients’ needs, iv) differing views between caregivers and care recipients, and v) concerns about the future. These findings highlight challenges that are especially pertinent to older informal caregivers and care recipients and suggest the need to improve support for them, including having more frequent check-ins, recalibrating policies and programs for more flexible and person-centered support, and facilitating more conversations between care recipients and caregivers about future caregiving arrangements. (198 words)

The effect of service quality, tourist satisfaction, place attachment on environmentally responsible behavior in Praiijing traditional village

This study aims to find out and analyze the influence of Service Quality, Tourist Satisfaction, Place Attachment, and Environmentally Responsible Behavior on tourist attractions in Praiijing Traditional Village. Data processing is carried out using quantitative approaches and this type of research is causal. Variables used in this study are service quality, tourist satisfaction, place attachment, and environmentally responsible behavior. Technical analysis of the data used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) by using the SPSS 16.0 for Windows and AMOS version 22. This study used samples in the form of responses from respondents who had visited Praiijing Traditional Village with the number of samples used in the study 150 respondents. The results of this study showed the mutual influence between service quality, tourist satisfaction, place attachment, and environmentally responsible behavior.

Investigating the effectiveness of contract administration at construction stage to averting substandard construction performance: in Shagar city public building projects

ABSTRACT The construction industry frequently faces challenges such as cost overruns, delays, and poor quality due to design and construction errors, inadequate management, and insufficient resources. Effective contract administration is vital for mitigating these issues and ensuring successful project delivery. This study investigates the effectiveness of contract administration in Shagar City public building projects, identifying factors affecting it, assessing the impact of substandard contracts, and developing improvement strategies. For this study, descriptive statistics were used for the analysis of the data to measure and determine the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The method is used to analyze the responses in actual numbers using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS V 27) software supported by an Excel sheet. The research highlights significant problems in Shagar City’s construction industry, including contract documents and communication, contract administration resources, performance, supervisory and changes, quality control and disputes, financial impacts, safety and functionality, social and reputational impacts, etc. The study found that unclear contract documents, inadequate communication, inconsistent procedures, limited resources, and ineffective dispute resolution mechanisms contribute to substandard construction performance. To improve contract administration, the study recommends establishing clear and standardized contract documents, enhancing communication and collaboration, implementing efficient dispute resolution mechanisms, providing adequate resources, and promoting ethical conduct.

Treatment Burden and Uncertainty in the Context of Advanced Multimorbidity: A Focussed Ethnography.

Advanced multimorbidity is the term used to describe when someone has multiple chronic conditions including those which are associated with palliative care needs. People living with advanced multimorbidity have to coordinate and undertake lots of different tasks related to their chronic conditions, and this can lead to them feeling overburdened, and disengagement from treatment regimes. In this study, we sought to explore how this "treatment burden" was experienced by people with advanced multimorbidity and their caregivers. We adopted a focussed ethnographic approach, in which patient/carer dyads (six groups of two, recruited from an emergency department) took part in two semi-structured interviews and kept a participant-led journal of treatment burden experiences. We also offered to observe any burdensome activities, although only one such session was conducted. A reflexive thematic analysis of the data was conducted by a single researcher, in which data were coded both inductively and through the lens of Burden of Treatment Theory, plus two theories of uncertainty (Total Uncertainty and Uncertainty Tolerance). The types of patient work were split between practical tasks (such as taking medicines or going to hospital) and cognitively burdensome activities (such as symptom surveillance and planning ahead). Burden of Treatment Theory was useful in understanding how work was distributed between patients and their relational networks. We found that multidimensional uncertainty mediated the balance between workload and capacity, and we propose a conceptual model of this relationship alongside a suggestion for how interventions can be used to manage uncertainty and burden.

Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Capsule Endoscopy Versus Conventional Capsule Endoscopy for Detection of Small Bowel Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Capsule endoscopy (CE) is a valuable tool used in the diagnosis of small intestinal lesions. The study aims to systematically review the literature and provide a meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and negative and positive predictive values of AI-assisted CE in the diagnosis of small bowel lesions in comparison to CE. Literature searches were performed through PubMed, SCOPUS, and EMBASE to identify studies eligible for inclusion. All publications up to 24 November 2024 were included. Original articles (including observational studies and randomized control trials), systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and case series reporting outcomes on AI-assisted CE in the diagnosis of small bowel lesions were included. The extracted data were pooled, and a meta-analysis was performed for the appropriate variables, considering the clinical and methodological heterogeneity among the included studies. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis v4.0 (Biostat Inc.) was used for the analysis of the data. A total of 14 studies were included in the present study. The mean age of participants across the studies was 54.3 years (SD 17.7), with 55.4% men and 44.6% women. The pooled accuracy for conventional CE was 0.966 (95% CI: 0.925-0.988), whereas for AI-assisted CE, it was 0.9185 (95% CI: 0.9138-0.9233). Conventional CE exhibited a pooled sensitivity of 0.860 (95% CI: 0.786-0.934) compared with AI-assisted CE at 0.9239 (95% CI: 0.8648-0.9870). The positive predictive value for conventional CE was 0.982 (95% CI: 0.976-0.987), whereas AI-assisted CE had a PPV of 0.8928 (95% CI: 0.7554-0.999). The pooled specificity for conventional CE was 0.998 (95% CI: 0.996-0.999) compared with 0.5367 (95% CI: 0.5244-0.5492) for AI-assisted CE. Negative predictive values were higher in AI-assisted CE at 0.9425 (95% CI: 0.9389-0.9462) versus 0.760 (95% CI: 0.577-0.943) for conventional CE. AI-assisted CE displays superior diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and positive predictive values albeit the lower pooled specificity in comparison with conventional CE. Its use would ensure accurate detection of small bowel lesions and further enhance their management.

Exploring the causes of workplace bullying among nurses in pediatric intensive care units: a qualitative study

IntroductionWorkplace bullying (WB) is a significant occupational hazard for nurses, especially in high-stress environments such as pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). WB adversely affects nurses’ physical and mental health, patient safety, and overall quality of care. This study aimed to explore the causes of WB among nurses working in PICUs.MethodsThis qualitative study used a conventional content analysis approach. Eleven nurses from the PICUs of the Children’s Medical Center Hospital, affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences, participated in the study. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured face-to-face interviews, continuing until data saturation was achieved. The data were analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman’s five-step approach. Lincoln and Guba’s four criteria—credibility, confirmability, dependability, and transferability—were used to ensure the study’s rigor.ResultsThe analysis of the data revealed two main categories: [1] the “Imposing and Stereotypical Atmosphere,” which encompasses sub- categories such as power imbalances, work-related challenges, immature behaviors among staff, and passive reactions of nursing managers; and [2] the “Victim’s Achilles’ Heel,” which emphasizes weaknesses in clinical and communication skills as contributing factors to WB.ConclusionThe study identifies organizational and personal factors as causes of WB in PICUs. Nursing leaders can implement targeted interventions aimed at improving workplace culture, monitoring interpersonal relationships, enhancing communication skills, and promoting the clinical skills of staff. These strategies can reduce WB and create a healthier work environment for nurses.

Technology Use in Finance: Continuation Intention in Fintech Applications, Türkiye Example

All sectors have to change and develop depending on technological change. The reason for this change is sometimes competition, sometimes achieving a longer economic life, and sometimes facilitating the current conditions. The intensity of use of financial markets and products is evaluated by financial participation. Technology has an important position, especially in increasing the use of financial products. Reasons such as time saving, ease of use, economic benefits, etc., which increase usage by consumers, are improving the demand for fintech applications. The study aims to evaluate the behavioral factors that may affect fintech applications, which are expressed as financial technology, and ensure their continued use. In this context, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of behavioral factors such as security, risk, convenience, benefit and brand image on individual fintech usage. Study data was obtained through surveys administered to 779 people, and SPSS and Jamovi statistical programs were used to analyze the data. In the analysis of the data, explanatory factor, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling analysis methods were applied. As a result of the analysis, the factors affecting individuals' use of Fintech were determined as perceived ease of use, perceived benefit and brand image. Keywords: Fintech, Behavioral Factors, Technology, Finance, Structural Equation Model

Family caregivers' role in dignity of people with schizophrenia: A qualitative study.

Background: When patients with schizophrenia feel a lack of dignity, their sense of worth is weakened and they are more likely to feel like a burden to their family. In this regard, families play a vital role in supporting the patient, who can effectively contribute to preserving their dignity. The concept of understanding the role of families in the patients' dignity is influenced by various factors. Still, there is limited knowledge in this domain in the sociocultural context of Iran.Aim: This study was to elucidate the role of family caregivers in the patients' dignity with schizophrenia, based on the perspectives of patients, family caregivers, and healthcare personnel.Design: This qualitative study was conducted utilizing conventional content analysis. The data were accordingly collected through field notes, and semi-structured, in-depth face-to-face interviews with 16 patients with schizophrenia, 4 family caregivers, 2 nurses, and 3 psychologists. The data were analyzed according to Graneheim and Lundman (2004).Ethical Considerations: The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee and followed ethical principles closely.Findings: The analysis of the data led to the emergence of two subcategories as follows: "Under the umbrella of family support" and "Being ignored by the family." The category of "Under the umbrella of family support" was characterized by subcategories including "Being the center of attention," "Understanding the patient's condition," "Financial support," and "Emotional support." Besides, the category of "Being ignored by the family" was characterized by subcategories including "Rejection from the family," "Not accepting the patient's condition," and "Tangential life with patients."Conclusion: This study found that some family caregivers were trying to reach the stage of acceptance. Following the understanding of the patient's condition, the family caregivers were responsible for the patient and were considered a strong support for the patient, and in such a situation, the patients' dignity was respected. On the other hand, some family caregivers did not accept the patient's condition and were indifferent to the patients' needs, which in such a situation created grounds for violating the dignity of the patients. A deep understanding of the factors threatening the patients' dignity with schizophrenia from their families can help health policymakers take positive steps toward preserving the dignity of these patients by designing and implementing programs aimed at raising awareness and empowering families.

Analysis of non-governmental organizations internal democracy: implications on members’ participation

Purpose This study aims to shed light on the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) decision-making process and how members’ participation affects the decision-making. Design/methodology/approach This study applied a qualitative approach to capture experiences, thoughts and opinions on NGO internal democracy. The study was conducted on the Tanzanian mainland, covering two NGOs. Data were collected through interviews and document reviews. The analysis of the data was conducted using a thematic approach. Findings The results reveal that, while NGOs are making promising progress in consolidating internal democracy and the annual general meeting remains the highest decision-making body, some members have been reluctant to attend such meetings, hence failing to participate. This has implications for NGOs strategic decision-making. Research limitations/implications The study focused on only two NGOs. This opens room for more studies to capture members’ opinions and experience on NGOs decision-making processes. Practical implications This study suggests considering the use of digital platforms as a way of improving members’ participation in NGOs decisions, reducing costs and increasing flexibility. Also, NGOs have to educate members, improve the level of internal accountability and strengthen leadership to attract members’ participation. This would help to realize the Tanzania National Strategy for NGOs Sustainability 2022/2023–2026/2027 for enhancing the capacity of NGOs to deliver their missions. This is relevant, especially in developing countries where there is a struggle to establish strong NGOs. Originality/value Most studies focused on the role of NGOs in promoting democracy; few have interrogated their internal democratic arrangements. This study interrogated the internal democracy of NGOs and the way it affects members’ participation in decision-making.

The business model and its impact on job creation

Abstract This paper aims to analyse empirically the relationship between the application of the key elements of the business model and the evolution of employment during the Great Recession. a period of enormous economic criticality due to the financial crisis around 2008. The analysis is based on data from 75 manufacturing companies across seven different business sectors in the Corredor del Henares (near Madrid), one of Europe’s fastest-growing business areas in recent decades due to its location, infrastructure, communications network, and human resources. A model with latent variables is estimated using the Structural Equation Modelling with Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method. The independent variables are the key elements of the business model as assessed by the companies’ top managers and the evolution of their sales; the dependent variable is their employment performance. The key elements of the business model are taken to be those proposed by Orea et al. (Contemp Econ 12(4):497–518, 2018, https://doi.org/10.5709/ce.1897-9254.293), as follows. Its central foundation is the value proposition and its adaptability; it is formed by customer and talent management; its key concerns are financial sustainability and infrastructure, which includes key partners and technology, safety and transparency. The business model underpins the success of the whole company: it is directly connected to business performance and, therefore, to employment generation. The analysis of the data confirms the positive impact of the business model on job creation and, specifically, that the value proposition positively impacts employment through talent, leadership and technology. Talent, oriented towards the customer and performance throughout the entire customer relationship process, is integrated into the management of the business, incorporating key partners and suppliers, leadership and technology. When the value proposition is well-defined and known to the entire workforce, it facilitates its own transformation, when necessary, in response to all new situations. There have been no other multi-sectorial studies of this kind in the field, and therefore, the conclusions provide new, generalizable and relevant information for research and business practice.

Protective dental guards as a way of preventing unwanted damage to the oral mucosa when using dental instruments.

BACKGROUND: Modern dental practice involves the use of several aggressive instruments (dental drills, scalpels, curettes, enamel knives, surgical lasers, coagulators, etc.). Working with these instruments in complex clinical conditions, with limited access to the manipulation site and impaired visibility for the dentist, can lead to undesirable damage to the oral mucosa. However, currently in clinical practice, an effective means of protecting the oral mucosa from such injuries is lacking. As a possible solution to this problem, the authors propose the use of protective dental overlays. AIMS: The aim of the study presented in this article is to clarify the indications for the use of the proposed protective dental overlays. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted by observing a group of patients who underwent prosthodontic treatment with the use of fixed dental prostheses. The participating patients were divided into two equal subgroups. The effectiveness of using the proposed dental overlays was assessed through a comparative analysis of the data obtained during the examination of patients from both subgroups. The study included 40 patients with individual characteristics or conditions that complicated treatment, ranging in age from 20 to 60 years, divided into 2 equal subgroups. The inclusion criteria for the study were the necessity of using aggressive instruments (dental drills, lasers, etc.) during the prosthetic treatment process, as well as the presence of diseases or individual characteristics that hindered the dental treatment process. RESULTS: All patients successfully completed their participation in the study. During the research, it was found that patients in the first subgroup experienced 12.5% fewer undesirable damages to the oral mucosa compared to patients in the second subgroup. When testing the statistical significance of the obtained data, a p-value of 0.042 was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the use of the proposed dental overlays is effective in certain clinical situations.

Voices from the virtual classroom: students' views toward ethical challenges in the context of online formative assessment

The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a significant shift toward online Education. However, this transition has raised concerns about assessment, distance learning effectiveness, and student workload. These pandemic-induced conditions may also lead to ethical challenges in education. Despite existing research on ethical issues in online education, the focus on ethical challenges related to online formative assessment, especially in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts, is still limited. Therefore, this study aims to explore students' perspectives on ethical challenges related to online formative assessment. To achieve this objective, a mixed-methods approach was employed. Initially, a qualitative phase involving online focus group discussions was conducted with three distinct groups of eight Iranian EFL learners. These groups encompassed EFL learners from universities, institutes, and schools. Each group participated in a 70-min online discussion to examine the ethical challenges they encountered in online formative assessment following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thematic analysis of the data revealed that ethical challenges could be categorized into three main areas: group work, feedback, and cheating. Subsequently, a ranking scale was employed to determine the primary category that presented the most significant ethical challenge based on students' viewpoints. The findings indicated that feedback was perceived as the most pressing ethical challenge, followed by issues with cheating and group work categories. Finally, the gathered information was categorized based on the specific learning contexts of the participants. This research provides valuable insights for EFL teachers, policymakers, and educational assessment systems. Based on these findings, it is recommended that EFL teachers and policymakers implement targeted professional development programs, foster a culture of academic integrity, and adopt clear guidelines to address these ethical challenges.

Voices from Crisis: Perspectives of EFL Learners on Emergency Distance Education After an Earthquake

This study aims at uncovering the perspectives of tertiary English language learners on the emergency distance language learning practices carried into effect following the devastating earthquakes in Türkiye in 2023. The study adopted a descriptive phenomenological research pattern as a qualitative study to gain an in-depth understanding of the perceived benefits and drawbacks of emergency online education based on the actual experiences of learners during the crisis period. With this purpose, qualitative data were collected from 77 participants through online reflection forms at the end of the online education period. The analysis of the data revealed that the leading benefits of emergency online education were easy access to courses, recordings, and materials; the supportive attitudes and efforts of the instructors; motivational and psychological support; and economization in terms of time and money. On the other hand, internet connection failures, poor technological devices, electricity cut-offs, distractors leading to demotivation, the psychological burden of the crisis conditions, disciplinary issues, interaction and socialization restrictions, and digital literacy of instructors were among the reported drawbacks of practices. As pedagogical implications, it is understood that there is a clear need for preparedness for emergency scenarios, and it is a requirement to equip all the stakeholders with the necessary qualifications needed to implement emergency distance language learning practices.

A Cross Sectional Study to Assess the Knowledge and Attitude on Ill-Effects of Cell-Phone Usage among Post-Metric Students of Selected Hostels at Bagalkot with a View to Develop an Information Booklet on Prevention of Ill-Effects of Cell-Phone Usage

Background: Now a days, information technology most important in day to day life. Many of the items we can use today as the result of technology is advanced also have drawbacks. Cell-phones are a vast improvement over the telecommunication technology of the past, and are daily becoming a key of life. The aim of study was to assess the level of knowledge and attitude on ill effects of cell phone usage among post matric hostel students. To find the association between knowledge and attitude of hostel students regarding ill effects of cell phones and selected demographical variables such as age, gender, education, use and source of information regarding ill effects of cell phone. To develop and distribute an information booklet regarding prevention of ill effects of cell phones among post matric hostel students. Methods: Non experimental descriptive survey design, a descriptive survey approach was used to find out the knowledge and attitude of ill effects of cell phones among post matric hostel students. A descriptive survey approach was used for this study. The sample consisting of 100 post matric hostel students. They were chosen by non probability convenient sampling technique. The study was conducted in the selected hostels of bagalkot. The data was collected after the by a structured questionnaires. Result: A total of 100 Post-matric hostel students were included in the study. Analysis of the data revealed that 2% of Post-matric hostel had poor knowledge, 95% had average and 3% had good knowledge, and also Assessment of levels of attitude among post metric hostel students reveals that, majority of post metric hostel students (97%) had high attitude, (3%) of the them had moderate attitude, and on any low attitude students were found. Association between level of knowledge and the demographic variables is found significant with variables such as educational status of post matric hostel students (χ2= 9.97; P<0.05), and how long they have been using mobile phone ...

Users’ perceptions of managerial measurements for cloud computing’s cybersecurity – importance-performance analysis

Purpose This paper aims to investigate what are the managerial measurements for cloud computing’s cybersecurity from the users’ perspective, and whether the users’ perceived importance is aligned with the actual performance. It also examines whether different user groups perceive the importance of these measurements differently. Design/methodology/approach This paper proposes a research framework, develops hypotheses, then conducts a large-scaled survey to test empirically the research model and hypotheses. It uses paired samples t-test, importance-performance analysis and ANOVA for the data analysis. Findings The results from analyses indicate that users’ perception of the importance of cloud computing cybersecurity measurements are mostly aligned with the performance of those measurements. There are three measurements that are significantly different from importance to performance, and they are “integrity of data,” “confidentiality of data” and “security and privacy.” The importance performance analysis of the data shows that there are two measurements that need to be “concentrated on,” namely, “preventative plans” and “enforceable contracts.” Research limitations/implications The study developed cloud computing cybersecurity (CC) alignment formulae that could help theoretical and practical development of the cloud computing cybersecurity field. Originality/value This research fills the research gap for cybersecurity in cloud computing, as it is, to the best of the author’s knowledge, one of the first studies to measure users’ perception of the cloud computing cybersecurity’s actual performance and compare them with the users’ perceived importance of those measurements. The research framework and model developed in this research will help enhance the knowledge of the cybersecurity and cloud computing fields, and it has managerial implications, as it provides understanding from the users’ perspective as to the important managerial measurements for cybersecurity in cloud computing. The study developed cloud computing cybersecurity (CC) alignment formulae that could help theoretical and practical development of the cloud computing cybersecurity field.

Rehabilitation volume, psychological readiness, and motor function are important factors for a successful return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A 2-year follow-up cohort study.

To find contributors to return to sport success or time until return to sport in individuals after an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Cohort study. Secondary analysis of the data of two intervention studies. We included adults < 36 years of age with a tendon autograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction who were active in any type of sport prior to the injury and aiming to return to sport. All participants were prospectively monitored for 24 months. At the end of the individual post-surgery rehabilitation and re-injury prevention programmes, self-report- and objective functional outcomes were quantified. The potential return to sport success (return to the same type of sports, frequency, intensity, and quality of performance as pre-injury), secondary injuries, and all rehabilitation and training measures were prospectively monitored. To determine the contributing factors, Cox regressions for traits and baseline factors and a logistic mixed model, which also included prospective time-dependent factors, were calculated. 203 participants were included; 104 (51 % of the total sample and 68 % of the full cases) successfully returned to their sporting activity. The median duration until return to sport was 302 days (interquartile range was 114 days). Contributing factors were the type of working (blue- vs. white collar: odds ratio for return to sport = 0.51 [95 % confidence interval = 0.29 to 0.90]) and the athletic status (elite vs. non-elite: odds ratio = 2.28 [1.03 to 5.03]). Prospectively, higher rehabilitation volumes until the end of the rehabilitation were predictive for return to sport success: the odds ratio per additional hour of rehabilitation was 1.004 [1.001 to 1.006]. Functional abilities such as the normalised knee separation distance during drop jump landing (odds ratio = 0.961 [0.924 to 0.999]) were predictive at a later stage, at the end of the re-injury prevention. Psychological readiness for return to sport was predictive at most of the timepoints: those who were confident to return to sport were more successful to return to sport at the end of the rehabilitation (odds ratio = 1.029 [1.004 to 1.056]) and at the end of the re-injury prevention (odds ratio = 1.038 [1.004 to 1.073]). The most important factors for a successful pre-injury-level return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were the exercise volume, psychological readiness and functional hop/jump abilities. Whilst the impact of these modifiable factors was robust against multilevel modelling, the impact of athletic and working status vanishes when the prospective factors are included.