Analysis Of Oral Data Research Articles

L’influence des langues non maternelles dans l’acquisition du SN en espagnol L3

This article investigates the role of second or non-native languages (L2) in the acquisition of an additional language (L3). We study the impact of cross-linguistic influence on the placement of the adjective in the Noun Phrase. The analysis of oral data from learners of Spanish L3 shows that the position of adjectives departs from the canonical word order of both Spanish L3 and French L1, reflecting the word order that characterizes the other languages known by the speakers, English and German. We will attempt to identify the psycholinguistic factors underlying this phenomenon. Particular attention will be placed on the ‘foreign language effect,’ which can transform non-native languages into a default grammatical model for the processing of L3 linguistic input.

Gender and Communication Strategy Use in Learning English as a Second Language

Abstract The study examined the use of communication strategies in same- and cross-gender interactions by learners of English as a Second Language (ESL). Analysis of oral data from 10 female same- and 10 cross-gender interactions using an integrated psycholinguistic, social interaction and discourse-based framework showed that communication strategies were mainly used to overcome linguistic inadequacies rather than to enhance the message. Female learners used considerably more restructuring while male learners preferred approximation to bridge communication gaps when understanding of meanings may not be shared. The ESL learners were found to accommodate in their use of communication strategies to the gender of their interaction partners. In cross-gender dyads, there were attempts at a more careful formulation of the message, as indicated by a decrease in the use of approximation by both female and male speakers and an increase in restructuring of the message by male learners. The results revealed that it was not the gender of the learners but the gender of the interaction partners that heightened the use of message-enhancing communication strategies, particularly, topic fronting by female speakers and lexical repetition by male speakers. The potential of cross-gender interactions in ESL language learning contexts is discussed.

Linguistic Connections Between Co-Occurring Speech and Writing in a Classroom Literacy Event

This article considers the linguistic interface of spoken and written language in a context of their co-occurrence, a classroom literacy event. In doing so it extends the discourse analytic concern with the speech-writing relationship to a context of situated literacy, typically the focus of ethnographic research. Through close analysis of oral data with corresponding text segments, the study identifies 3 primary speech-writing connections: spoken reference to a written text or segment, spoken repetition or paraphrase of written language, and text as a determiner of the topics of talk. Together they result in a complex network of linguistic relations between speech and writing that seem to contribute to instances of interactional trouble. The article also proposes that literacy event participation may be problematic because of multiple language demands that can require rapid processing and production of both spoken and written language as well as the tracking of links between the two modes. It further suggests that a discourse analytic approach can inform the ethnographic question of how literacy functions in context and, conversely, that analyses of literacy events can illuminate the discourse analysis concern with how spoken and written language are related.

Pindolol availability in hypertensive patients with normal and impaired renal function

Intravenous and oral pharmacokinetics of pinlolol were studied in 18 hypertensive patients-9 with normal renal function and 9 with impaired renal function. Analysis of data showed that a linear two-compartment model was suitable to describe the pindolol kinetics. Compared with patients with normal renal function, patients with chronic renal failure exhibited: (1) unchanged transfer rate constants and distribution volumes and (2) decreased total body clearance with decreased renal clearance and unchanged nonrenal clearance. Analysis of oral data by the Loo-Riegelman method showed that the pindolol absorption kinetic was not first order. Compared with patients with normal renal function, patients with chronic renal failure exhibited decreased fraction of dose effectively absorbed and increased initial rate of absorption. The initial rate of absorption was inversely correlated with the creatinine clearance. The study disclosed evidence that absorption was modified in chronic renal failure.

The use of oral data in legal anthropology: a Senegalese example

Oral data are an integral part of the raw material used in anthropological research on social organization. They have also been heavily relied upon in the study of disappearing American Indian societies and, more recently, in the reconstruction of African history. By contrast, with some striking exceptions, they are in danger of being neglected in the anthropological study of law. Oral data have only recently been employed in Frenchsponsored studies in this field. In the English-speaking world, the dominant theme of dispute settlement and its apparent corollary, the case method, may leave little room for the systematic collection and the careful analysis of oral data.