Analysis Of Gas Emissions Research Articles

Decomposition analysis of greenhouse gas emissions from residential buildings in South Korea: Focusing on changes in household size

Decomposition analysis of greenhouse gas emissions from residential buildings in South Korea: Focusing on changes in household size

Charging forward: A greenhouse gas emissions analysis of New York State's electric vehicle and clean energy goals

Charging forward: A greenhouse gas emissions analysis of New York State's electric vehicle and clean energy goals

Analysis of the greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption in beekeeping: what are the sensitivity factors?

We calculate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy consumption of two French beekeeping systems, one amateur system (Amat) and one professional system (Pro) with 300 hives. The GHG emissions reach 2.7 kgCO2eq/kg of honey for Amat and 1.49 for Pro. Travel to visit the apiaries accounted for 59% of the total GHG emissions for Amat and 28% for Pro, and sugar accounted for 21% and 41%, respectively. The energy consumption reached 37.4 MJ/kg for Amat and 19.9 MJ/kg for Pro; travel represented 65% of energy consumption for Amat and 34% for Pro, and sugar accounted for 15% and 32%, respectively. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the most important factor influencing GHG emissions was the bee mortality rate, followed by the distances covered by vehicles and the level of sugar use. The average energy consumption per kg of dry matter produced between Amat and Pro is close to that observed for French dairy cattle production. The GHG emissions are well below those of dairy production, by factors of 3.7 and 6.6 for Amat and Pro, respectively. Finally, we make the following recommendations to improve the environmental performance of beekeeping farms, in terms of GHG emissions and energy consumption, in the French context but a priori also in other contexts i) maintain efforts to identify and reduce causes of bee mortality; ii) limiting distances traveled and using low-energy, low-carbon vehicles; and iii) using well-insulated hives. We also provide the GHG emission and energy consumption factors for the artificial swarms purchased.

Life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emission intensity accounting and analysis of emission reduction potential for coal-to-olefin enterprise.

The modern coal chemical industry is an indispensable means of ensuring national energy security. However, one of the major sources of greenhouse gas emissions is modern coal chemical enterprises that use traditional coals as energy sources. In light of the profound influence of greenhouse gas on global warming and the mounting pressure to reduce emissions in China, the accurate accounting of greenhouse gas in modern coal chemical enterprises is of great importance. This enables the enterprises to gain a clear understanding of their own greenhouse gas emissions, providing invaluable data to implement emission reduction measures and formulate effective emission reduction strategies. Therefore, the greenhouse gas accounting studies are particularly valuable. Using the coal-to-olefin project of a modern coal chemical enterprise in China, a greenhouse gas accounting model employing the life cycle assessment analysis method is developed to estimate the emission intensity of modern coal chemical enterprises. In addition, a predictive model combining multiple linear regression and scenario analysis is constructed to explore the drivers of greenhouse gas emissions and predict greenhouse gas emissions under different scenarios, which provides methodological support for companies to develop effective emission reduction schemes. The accounting results showed that the annual greenhouse gas emission intensity of this enterprise's coal-to-olefin project was 10.39 tCO2e/ton. The multiple linear regression verified that the standardized coefficient of raw coal consumption was 0.358, followed by waste generated amount (0.274), net purchased electricity amount (0.242), and torch combustion times under abnormal conditions (0.144). The amount of raw coal consumed in coal-to-olefin has the most prominent impact on greenhouse gas emissions. Besides, the scenario analysis revealed that the adoption of advanced environmental protection and energy-saving technologies can help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Climate change detection and attribution: Bayesian estimation of abrupt change, seasonality and trend model, and Mann–Kendall trend test approaches

ABSTRACT Climate change is projected to have adverse impacts on environmental sustainability. This research combines statistical analysis and Bayesian modeling for climate change detection and attribution in Kaduna, Northern Nigeria. The study combines the Bayesian estimation of abrupt change, seasonality, and trend model (BEAST) with the Mann–Kendall (M–K) trend test for detection and correlation analysis with optimum fingerprinting for attribution. The study used 122 years of climate data (1901–2022), focusing on average annual rainfall and average annual surface temperature for climate change detection, alongside a 30-year analysis of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (1990–2020) for climate change attribution. The result of the M–K test reveals a significant increasing trend in temperature (approximately 0.004 °C/year) and a decreasing trend in rainfall (approximately 0.756 mm/year), indicating a warming climate and potential drought conditions. The Bayesian approach further identified multiple changepoints in temperature data, highlighting years of significant climatic shifts. Correlation analysis demonstrated a weak positive relationship between temperature increases and GHG emissions with a correlation coefficient of 0.27. Optimum fingerprinting results show a non-statistically significant relationship between the variables with an R2 value of 0.071, indicating that only 7.1% of the variability in temperature can be explained by the model.

Performance and Gas Emissions Analysis on Four Stroke Diesel Engine with Multi-Feedstock Biodiesel

Performance and Gas Emissions Analysis on Four Stroke Diesel Engine with Multi-Feedstock Biodiesel

Radiation and Combustion Effects of Hydrogen Enrichment on Biomethane Flames

Hydrogen has been presented as a promising energy vector in decarbonized economies. Its singular properties can affect important aspects of industrial flames, such as the temperature, emissions, and radiative/convective energy transfer balance, thus requiring in-depth studies to optimize combustion processes using this fuel isolate or in combination with other renewable alternatives. This work aims to conduct a detailed numerical analysis of temperatures and gas emissions in the combustion of biomethane enriched with different proportions of hydrogen, with the intent to contribute to the understanding of the impacts of this natural gas surrogate on practical combustion applications. RANS k-ω and k-ϵ turbulence models were combined with the GRI Mech 3.0, San Diego, and USC mechanisms using the ANSYS-Fluent 2024-R2 softwareto evaluate its performance regarding flame prediction. The Moss–Brookes model was adopted to predict soot formation for the methane flames by solving transport equations for normalized radical nuclei concentration and the soot mass fraction. The Discrete Ordinates (DOs) method with gray band model was applied to solve the Radiation Transfer Equation (RTE). The results of the experiments and numerical simulations highlight the importance of carefully selecting turbulence and chemical kinetics models for an accurate representation of real-scale industrial burners. Relative mean errors of 1.5% and 6.0% were registered for temperature and pollutants predictions, respectively, with the USD kinetics scheme and k-omega turbulence model presenting the most accurate results. The operational impacts of hydrogen enrichment of biomethane flames were accessed for a practical combustion system. With 15% of hydrogen blending, the obtained results indicate a 73% penalty in CO emissions, an increase of 6% in NO emissions, and a 34 K flame temperature increase. Also, a reduction in flame radiation due to hydrogen enrichment was observed for hydrogen concentrations above 20%, a behavior that can affect practical combustion systems such as those in glass and other ceramics industries.

Modeling of hydrogen blending natural gas combustion characteristics and emission analyses in industrial burners

Modeling of hydrogen blending natural gas combustion characteristics and emission analyses in industrial burners

A Well-to-Wheel Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Passenger Vehicles in Thailand: Strategies for Enhancing Sustainable Transportation

A Well-to-Wheel Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Passenger Vehicles in Thailand: Strategies for Enhancing Sustainable Transportation

Assessing Science-Based Decision-Making in US Climate Change Lawsuits

Abstract Judges in US state courts are increasingly presiding over lawsuits that involve disputes related to climate change. This gives the courts an important role in helping shape climate governance. However, the extent to which judges choose to engage with relevant scientific information when deciding climate cases is unclear. To understand how science informs judicial decision-making, we analyse the language of court documents from 68 climate cases across seven politically distinct US states. We conclude with three major takeaways. First, we find that high levels of engagement with science tend to correlate to what we call ‘positive’ climate outcomes, that is; outcomes that favour an analysis or reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Second, we report that technical content introduced by legal parties and scientific resources published by state agencies are frequently cited sources of science. Third, we find that claims regarding environmental rights and involving adaptation and mitigation disputes gave rise to the highest levels of judicial engagement with climate science. Ultimately, these findings highlight the key role that science plays in informing judicial decision-making, despite considerable political and policy diversity among the investigated states.

Prospective Use and Assessment of Recycled Plastic in Construction Industry

The accumulation of plastic waste poses a significant environmental challenge, necessitating sustainable solutions. This study investigates the potential of recycling waste plastics for use in the construction industry, emphasizing their integration into building materials and components. Earlier waste plastic recycling was excessively studied as an ingredient in concrete composites, roads, and other use in research. However, in this study, recycled plastic is assessed for use as a sole material for structural products. Raw plastics, including high-density polyethylene, Low-Density Polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin, samicanite, and virgin polyethylene, were analyzed for recycling through mechanical extrusion, and their mechanical properties were analyzed to determine their feasibility for construction applications. In this study, the extrusion process, combined with engineered dyes, was investigated with comprehensive material testing as per the ASTM standards to obtain the properties desired for construction. Advanced characterization techniques, including SEM, FTIR, and TGA, were employed to evaluate the chemical composition, thermal stability, and impurities of these waste plastics collected from municipal waste. A gas emission analysis during extrusion confirmed a minimal environmental impact, validating the sustainability of the recycling process. Municipal waste plastic has a considerable quantum of HDPE, PP, and LDPE, which was considered in this research for recycling for construction products. A total of 140 samples were recycled through extrusion and tested across shear, flexural, tensile, and compression categories: 35 samples each. The results showed that rHDPE and PP had good tensile strength and shear resistance. The findings pave the way for developing cost-effective, durable, and eco-friendly building materials, such as rebars, corrugated sheet, blocks, and other products, contributing to environmental conservation and resource efficiency for the construction Industry.

Machine learning-driven analysis of greenhouse gas emissions from rice production in major Chinese provinces: Identifying key factors and developing reduction strategies

Machine learning-driven analysis of greenhouse gas emissions from rice production in major Chinese provinces: Identifying key factors and developing reduction strategies

Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions Analysis of the Chlor-Alkali Process and By-Product Hydrogen in the United States

Hydrogen is considered a key energy carrier for which interest has grown over recent years. Chlor-alkali plants in the United States (U.S.) can potentially recover and supply the by-product hydrogen at scale. However, there is a scarcity of standard analysis for energy use and emissions associated with products from chlor-alkali plants owing to lack of data and variations in chlor-alkali plant technology and operation. A rigorous life cycle analysis (LCA) is needed to quantify the emissions of by-product hydrogen and other products from chlor-alkali plants. In this study, we performed well-to-gate (WTG) emissions analysis of chlor-alkali products based on U.S. plant operating data gathered from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Chemical Data Reporting database, the U.S. Energy Information Administration survey EIA-923 form, and the EPA’s Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program. We performed process-level mass allocation to allocate energy use and emissions to the chlor-alkali products. This study shows that the by-product hydrogen has WTG CO2 emissions of 1.3–1.9 kgCO2/kg H2 for plants without combined heat and power (non-CHP) and 1.5–2.4 kgCO2/kg H2 for plants with combined heat and power (CHP). Furthermore, we identified that electricity upstream emissions are the key driver affecting the emissions of by-product hydrogen from non-CHP plants, while CHP emissions can be reduced by electricity export to grids with higher carbon intensity (CI). Finally, the study shows that chlor-alkali plants in the U.S. can potentially meet up to 320 kilotons of hydrogen demand (approximately 3% of total demand) annually.

Climate change and class structure: greenhouse gas emissions of social classes in the United Kingdom

This interdisciplinary research article is situated at the interface of environmental studies and sociology. By bringing an ecological analysis of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to bear on contemporary class theory, we provide a new framework to analyze the social underpinnings of climate change. Our work offers the first operationalization of Andreas Reckwitz's theory of a fourfold class structure in post-industrial societies for the quantitative analysis of GHG footprints. Engaging with Reckwitz's diagnosis of a split middle class, we find no major division in terms of per capita GHG emissions within the middle layers. While the 'new middle class' exhibits slightly higher emissions than the 'old middle class', despite cultivating more pronounced pro-environmental values, the two middle classes are mainly differentiated through compositional factors. Based on representative expenditure data for UK households, we reveal that the old middle class has comparatively high housing-related emissions, while the new middle class creates substantially more environmental pressure through their mobility. At the same time, our analysis uncovers major disparities in terms of total emissions elsewhere in the class matrix. We demonstrate that the lower class has the smallest carbon footprint, while the upper class plays in an ecological (and not merely economic) league of its own. We discuss how these findings provide new insights into contemporary class relations and contribute to a better interdisciplinary understanding of the nexus between GHG emissions and power structures.

Planetary Health Diet in a hospital cafeteria: Increasing employee satisfaction and reducing greenhouse gas emissions and costs

Planetary Health Diet in a hospital cafeteria: Increasing employee satisfaction and reducing greenhouse gas emissions and costs

Review of Balancing Economic Growth with Environmental Sustainability in LNG Project Development

The liquefied natural gas (LNG) industry plays a pivotal role in meeting global energy demands, contributing significantly to economic growth. However, this growth is accompanied by environmental challenges that necessitate a careful balance between economic development and sustainability. This paper provides a comprehensive review of strategies and challenges associated with achieving this delicate equilibrium in the context of LNG project development. The review begins by outlining the economic drivers in LNG project development, examining the investment and financing landscape, market dynamics, and the economic benefits that projects bring to local and national economies. Subsequently, the environmental considerations in LNG project development are explored, emphasizing the importance of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in identifying and mitigating environmental impacts. The focus includes an in-depth analysis of greenhouse gas emissions and measures to maintain air and water quality standards. Strategies for achieving the balance between economic growth and environmental sustainability are then discussed. This includes an examination of technological innovations, policy and regulatory frameworks, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives employed by industry stakeholders. However, inherent challenges such as economic pressures, profit margins, and evolving regulatory landscapes are also addressed, providing insight into the obstacles faced in achieving this balance. The paper presents case studies that illustrate both successful and challenging instances of balancing economic growth and environmental sustainability in LNG projects. The implications for the future of LNG project development are discussed, and recommendations are provided to guide stakeholders in integrating innovative technologies, strengthening regulatory frameworks, and enhancing stakeholder engagement to achieve a sustainable balance between economic growth and environmental responsibility in LNG projects.

Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energy Consumption Depending on the Material and Construction Solutions and the Energy Carrier Used—A Case Study

Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energy Consumption Depending on the Material and Construction Solutions and the Energy Carrier Used—A Case Study

Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions of a Mill According to the Greenhouse Gas Protocol

This article discusses the challenges of adapting to and mitigating climate change through sustainable resource management in the agri-food sector. These aspects are mandatory obligations for businesses under new EU directives and regulations. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions must be controlled at every stage of the value chain, from the acquisition of raw materials to transportation and cooperation with suppliers. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the areas generating GHG emissions in the agri-food enterprise toward the development of guidelines for the sustainable development of domestic food production. This paper presents a GHG study in three scopes at one of the mills in Poland based on the GHG protocol methodology. The analysis of consumption of energy carriers was used to determine GHG emissions (Scopes 1 and 2), and the total amounted to about 2.1 million kg CO2eq (the share of Scope 1 was about 16% and Scope 2 as high as 83%), and the average carbon footprint of flour production in terms of unit weight was 0.040 kg CO2eq/kg. Extending the analysis to Scope 3, the emissions associated with this scope accounted for the largest share (92%), while Scopes 1 and 2 accounted for only 8%. The determined carbon footprint (considering the three GHG emission scopes) was 0.52 kg CO2eq/kg. In Scope 3, the largest contribution was from category 1 emissions (92%) related to grain cultivation, and category 5 (6%) were emissions related to the transportation of sold products. The smallest impact is from category 3 emissions related to the management of generated waste. Regular calculation and reporting of emissions in each area enables the company to more fully understand its environmental impact, identify risks and implement changes that bring financial and environmental benefits.

ANALISIS KUALITAS GAS BUANG PADA STEAM BOILER BERBAHAN BAKAR BIO-SOLAR DAN BATU BARA

Steam boilers fueled by biodiesel and coal are one of the industrial activities that still produce exhaust emissions such as Total Particulate (PM), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Opacity, Nitrogen Oxide (NOx), and Carbon Monoxide (CO) which is very dangerous for public health and the environment. Therefore, analysis of flue gas emissions in steam boiler installations equipped with filtration devices (cyclones, water scrubbers, and electrostatic precipitators) before being discharged into the environment is of important. Exhaust gas emission was measured by using a gas analyzer, smoke tester, and portable quality air monitor. The results of exhaust gas emission analysis showed that the average concentration of PM, SO2, and CO did not meet the specified emission quality standard thresholds, exempted for opacity concentration for both steam boilers fueled with biodiesel and coal. It is suspected that this is caused by the sub optimal performance of the filtration equipment used in this system. Therefore, regular maintenance is required, and if necessary, a redesign of the entire system can be carried out.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ КОНЦЕНТРАЦИИ ВРЕДНЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ В ВОЗДУХЕ РАБОЧЕЙ ЗОНЫ УСТАНОВОК ЛАЗЕРНОЙ РЕЗКИ МЕТАЛЛОВ

Laser cutting of metal is becoming increasingly popular in various industries thanks to modern compact laser cutters that are used even in small enterprises. Problems associated with laser metal cutting shops at metallurgical and metalworking enterprises include the threat to workers' health due to harmful emissions from such industries. During the laser cutting of metal sheets, the material is thermally affected, resulting in the release of harmful substances into the air that are part of the steel, such as nitrogen oxides, manganese, zinc oxide and others. These substances can cause various diseases of the respiratory tract, skin and eyes. To reduce the level of air pollution in factories, such technical solutions as the installation of fume hoods and filtration systems are used. However, the efficiency of these systems does not always provide a sufficient level of absorption of harmful substances, which requires constant monitoring and improvement. In the work carried out to assess the efficiency of filtration and exhaust systems, calculation methods for determining the concentration of harmful substances are proposed and an analysis of gas emissions is carried out. These methods allow us to determine the actual values of harmful substances in the air, which in turn allows us to compare them with sanitary and epidemiological standards.