Integrating scenarios, policies, and pathways for effective climate policy analysis: An extended concept and analysis framework

A novel graph-theoretic and data visualization framework for spatiotemporal bubble analysis in turbulent flows

This paper presents a unified framework for transient analysis of cascaded M/M/c/K networks with split and merge under multiple service policies, including first-come-first-served (FCFS), priority, percentage, and circulate. A history-buffer mechanism is introduced to preserve temporal arrival composition, enabling propagation of nonstationary departures across interconnected nodes without enlarging the state space. Coupled with time-dependent Kolmogorov forward equations, a stable explicit iteration is developed to compute transient queue-length distributions. Numerical experiments verify that the proposed method can accurately reproduce full transient dynamics across multi-stage networks.

Estimating landslide triggering rainfall thresholds: a probabilistic framework for susceptibility analysis

Fault impact analysis is essential for translating fault detection metrics into actionable maintenance priorities by identifying which faults most strongly degrade HVAC performance. Prior studies have assessed energy penalties through simulation; however, empirical evidence linking operational faults with indoor air quality remains limited. This study addresses this gap by analyzing more than 90 million rows of data from building automation systems (BASs) across 299 air handling units (AHUs) in 23 U.S. commercial buildings and 335 zones in 4 buildings to estimate the impacts of operational faults on indoor CO 2 levels. The analysis quantifies the effects of 23 fault types on indoor CO 2 , including 19 AHU-level faults and 4 terminal unit faults. The statistically significant findings reveal that “low-static-pressure” faults and “unstable outdoor-air damper” faults yield the largest increases in AHU return air (RA) CO 2 . On the other hand, economizer and simultaneous cooling-or-heating faults that hold the “outdoor air (OA) damper excessively open” reduce CO 2 due to unintended high outdoor air intake. Among terminal unit faults, “airflow lower than setpoint” produces the greatest increases in zone CO 2 . These results provide large-scale empirical evidence of the impacts of operational HVAC faults on indoor air quality and offer clear guidance for prioritizing fault diagnostics and maintenance actions in commercial buildings. • Develops a causal framework to estimate HVAC fault impacts on indoor CO 2 from BAS data. • Analyzes 90M BAS records from 299 AHUs (23 buildings) and 335 zones (4 buildings). • Establishes an evidence-based ranking of faults detrimental to ventilation effectiveness.

A unified framework for small object analysis in UAV imagery: Tracking single target from multiple detected targets

A hybrid DEC-SIE framework for potential-based electromagnetic analysis of heterogeneous media

The Doyle–Fuller–Newman model is arguably the most ubiquitous electrochemical model in lithium-ion battery research. Since it is a highly nonlinear model, its input–output relations are still poorly understood. Researchers therefore often employ sensitivity analyses to elucidate relative parametric importance for certain use cases. However, some methods are ill-suited for the complexity of the model and appropriate methods often face the downside of only being applicable to scalar quantities of interest. We implement a novel framework for global sensitivity analysis of time-dependent model outputs and apply it to a drive cycle simulation. We conduct a full and a subgroup sensitivity analysis to resolve lowly sensitive parameters and explore the model error when unimportant parameters are set to arbitrary values. Our findings suggest that the method identifies insensitive parameters whose variations cause only small deviations in the voltage response of the model. By providing the methodology, we hope research questions related to parametric sensitivity for time-dependent quantities of interest, such as voltage responses, can be addressed more easily and adequately in simulative battery research and beyond. • Time-dependent global sensitivity analysis of 24 parameters of the Doyer–Fuller–Newman model for drive cycle simulations. • Use of an innovative history-aware approach, which aggregates the parameters’ effects over time to obtain accurate results. • Investigation of the model error introduced by arbitrarily valued insensitive parameters and discussion of ramifications in the context of battery model parametrization. • Open-source implementation of novel algorithms for variance-based sensitivity analysis of time-dependent model outputs.

Exploring aroma descriptions of different cherry juice and the mechanism of aroma formation in Lapins using volatilomics and machine learning.

• A hybrid strategy is proposed for simulating ductile fracture under large deformation. • An effective element size concept is proposed to account for element distortion. • Fracture strain is reformulated using stress triaxiality and effective element size. • Arcan tests confirm improved accuracy for crack growth under large deformation. • The model offers a consistent and stable framework for ductile fracture analysis. While strain-based damage models have been widely used to simulate ductile fracture, their predictive accuracy substantially decreases when applied to crack growth accompanied by large deformation. This study systematically identifies the underlying cause of this degradation and proposes a hybrid experimental–numerical strategy incorporating the effective element size concept to overcome it. Through comparative analyses of experiments and finite element simulations, it is demonstrated that the loss of reproducibility originates from significant element distortion near the crack front in high-ductility materials. To address this issue, the effective element size is defined based on the evolving geometry of each element, and the fracture strain is reformulated as a function of both stress triaxiality and effective element size. The proposed strategy enables efficient and robust identification of the required material parameters based on two standard experiments: a tensile test and a crack growth test. Validation using Arcan crack growth experiments confirms that the proposed approach markedly improves predictive accuracy under large deformation conditions, achieving close agreement with experiments even for high-ductility materials. The effective element size concept therefore provides a physically consistent and computationally stable framework for extending strain-based damage models to simulate large-deformation ductile fracture with high fidelity

A multi-indicator, data-driven framework for spatiotemporal analysis of compound droughts in the Southern Caspian Basin.

A multi-scale Mamba framework for advanced multi-layer photon shielding analysis

ELAI-SGCN: An explainable lightweight adaptive information-perceiving spiking graph convolutional network for EEG-based emotion recognition.

Ionic liquid-assisted synthesis of cationic hierarchical porous covalent organic frameworks for sensitive analysis of perfluorinated substances in human urine

DMIC2: A dynamic modality importance and cascaded cross-attention framework for multimodal sentiment analysis

ProtoKDM: An interpretable prototype-based framework for biomedical time-series analysis

Countries use lethal control as a tool to respond to human-large carnivore conflicts to varying degrees. The aim of this study was to explore the complexities surrounding the often-controversial decision to lethally manage carnivores. We examined the cases of the tiger (Panthera tigris) in India and the wolf (Canis lupus) in Germany. This study used an Institutional Analysis and Development framework to analyze contrasting sociopolitical processes. Through a review of legislative documents (n = 44) and interviews with experts (n = 47), the study examined the intricacies and challenges of the decision-making process and its implementation. While both countries were restrictive in their use of lethal control, decisions were primarily shaped by culturally embedded tolerance thresholds, accountability structures of decision-makers and influential societal factors. The findings demonstrate that effective carnivore management requires careful institutional design balancing scientific evidence with democratic participation.

Femorotibial degeneration equilibrium analysis for objective and clinically interpretable knee osteoarthritis stratification.

Constrained sediment carbon sequestration driven by agricultural diffuse pollution: Evidence from core-derived DOM.

Online reviews in e-commerce: A bibliometric analysis of consumer decision-making.