Food Composition Analysis Research Articles

Unveiling the Nutritional Quality of Terrestrial Animal Source Foods by Species and Characteristics of Livestock Systems.

Background. It is well-established that a range of macronutrients, micronutrients and bioactive compounds found in animal-source foods play unique and important roles in human health as part of a healthy diet. Methods. This narrative review focuses on terrestrial animal source foods (TASFs). It particularly analyzes five groups: poultry eggs, milk, unprocessed meat, foods from hunting and wildlife farming, and insects. The objectives were as follows: (1) examine the nutrient composition of TASFs within and across livestock species, drawing on the country and regional food composition databases; (2) analyze the influence of intrinsic animal characteristics and production practices on TASF nutritional quality. Results. TASFs are rich in high-quality proteins and fats, as well as micronutrients such as vitamin B12, iron or zinc. This study found differences in the nutritional quality of TASFs by livestock species and animal products, as well as by characteristics of livestock production systems. Our findings suggest that there may be public health opportunities by diversifying TASF consumption across species and improving certain aspects of the production systems to provide products that are both more sustainable and of higher quality. Conclusions. Future research should adopt a more holistic approach to examining the food matrix and the dietary patterns that influence TASF digestibility. It is necessary to include meat from hunting and wildlife farming and insects in global food composition databases, as limited literature was found. In addition, scarce research focuses on low- and middle-income countries, highlighting the need for further exploration of TASF food composition analysis and how intrinsic animal characteristics and livestock production system characteristics impact their nutritional value.

Potential and Transformation of Indigenous Floral Foods in Africa: What Research Tells Over the Past Two Decades (2000–2022)

Indigenous foods are the ancestral diet endemic to and consumed by the local people for ages, but there has been a recent discrepancy in their acceptability, growth and development. While some research suggested frequent consumption and growth of indigenous foods, others reported poor development and declining consumption despite their rich nutrition content. Moreover, research has failed to investigate and compile indigenous foods’ growth and developmental trends in whole and niche areas to ensure their promotion and competitiveness with their exotic counterparts due to reports highlighting their rambling and anecdotal pictures of economic significance and nutritional potential. The study reviewed literature and collated past research to examine and forecast the developmental growth of indigenous foods for more than two decades (2000–2022). It identifies niche areas that have received more or less growth of indigenous food, and the type of research (review, data, and experimental research) contributing to its growth and development. Through the review of related literature, this study demonstrates that indigenous foods contribute to improving household health, food, and nutritional security. For example, 80% of South Africans depend on indigenous foods for medicinal purposes. It also enhances the dietary diversity of household and reduces poverty through income generation and employment. Some indigenous foods (green leafy vegetables) are richer sources of mineral elements than their exotic crops counterparts. Some indigenous foods play a crucial role in the cultural identity of people/ethnic groups. Indigenous foods are beneficial in terms of income, as research shows that some households generate more than 25% of their income from the sales of indigenous foods harvested from the wild. Indigenous foods agribusiness is dominated by rural dwellers, the poor, and vulnerable people, with most (75%) of the stakeholders being elderly women. Most indigenous foods transactions occur in an open market structure and are overshadowed by vendors and middlemen. 951 articles were used to investigate the growth show steady growth and development of indigenous foods research. However, the growth is skewed toward a few niche areas. Medicinal, food, and nutritional composition analysis are some niche areas witnessing indigenous foods’ rapid growth and research development. Some indigenous foods have also seen growth in research development in a domestication niche area, but growth and development are lacking in the genetic improvement of many indigenous foods. Lack of awareness campaigns, value addition, marketing, and private/entrepreneurial investment and managerial/logistic techniques are other niche areas slowing the growth of indigenous foods, as revealed by the limited research. In decades (2000–2022), only 5.99% and 3.79% of research focused on indigenous foods value addition and awareness campaigns. More pragmatic research, policies, promotions, and value-additions approaches are needed.

Relation between Serum and Dietary Zinc Levels and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) in Medical Students of Ain Shams University

Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), is one of the commonest gastrointestinal disorders and IBS symptoms control often involve food restrictions that may cause zinc deficiency which is in turn may contribute to pathophysiology of IBS. Objectives To measure the proportion of IBS and its subtypes in medical students and to correlate between serum zinc level and dietary zinc intake with IBS. Methods A cross sectional study was carried out among a sample of students at The Nutritional Assessment of Medical Students of Ain Shams University (NAMS/ASU). A total of 199 students were involved, all participants were subjected to direct interviews self-administered questionnaires including GIT clinical symptoms, 24 hours food recall and food frequency questionnaire. They were also subjected to serum zinc level measurement. In addition to calculation of dietary zinc intake daily using food composition analysis software according to the Egyptian Food Composition Tables. Results The number of medical students that had positive ROME IV criteria were 104 students, in a proportion of 8.5% of the students participated in NAMES/ASU, with IBS-C was the commonest type. Serum zinc level was significantly low in IBS students with positive significance correlation to dietary zinc intake. Dietary consumption of zinc rich food showed significant reduction of serum zinc level with milk and dairy products intake of less than 3 servings per week. Conclusion the proportion of IBS in NAMES/ASU project was about 8.5% with the IBS-C was the most common subtype. They had low serum zinc level and a positive significant correlation with dietary zinc intake.

UNDERSTANDING THE FOOD AND FEEDING BIOLOGY OF CATFISH Sperata seenghala SYKES, 1839 FROM GOMATI RIVER OF TRIPURA, INDIA

Aspects of food and feeding biology of the Sperata seenghala of Gomati River of Tripura, a part of Eastern Himalayan hotspot region of India was studied over 12 months. The 176 fish (28.7 cm to 67.4 cm TL) specimens were examined for food composition analysis. Out of these, 21 (12.88%) had full stomach, 33 (18.53%) had empty stomach and 122 (68.58%) had partially-filled stomachs. The percent composition of various food items in stomach content was 7.5% of aquatic plant materials, 15.5% crustaceans, 29% aquatic insects, 6.7% molluscans, debris and detritus 5.3% and 36% fishes. Biomass of fish was highest in comparison to other food items. The alimento-somatic and hepato-somatic indices have every indication that S. seenghala is carnivorous and thus have intense liver activity. This study could render useful information on the food and feeding habits of the studied fish species and provide background biological knowledge for preparing its diet for future aquaculture practices.

Emerging applications of metabolomics in food science and future trends.

Metabolomics is a relatively new component in systems biology that focuses on the high-throughput characterization of small molecular metabolites in biological systems. It is widely used in several scientific fields, particularly in that of food. Due to its excellent detection and prediction capacities, metabolomics well suited to analyze such complex matrix. This review emphasizes the most commonly used food metabolomics analytical technologies with a focus on novel approaches that have emerged in recent years, highlighting their suitability for food samples analysis as aided by chemometric data visualization. A comparison is presented among different metabolomics platforms and their prioritization for which metabolite classes in food. Application of metabolomics are presented in the context of food composition analysis, food quality safety, and food traceability. Furthermore, the constraints and limitations of actual metabolomics applications are explored, bringing novel insights into metabolomics use in food science to maximize its application potential in that major industrial sector.

Validation of a Smartphone Application for the Assessment of Dietary Compliance in an Intermittent Fasting Trial.

Accurate dietary analysis of energy, nutrient intake, and meal timing in human studies using traditional dietary assessment methods (e.g., food records) is challenging and time-consuming. The widespread use of smartphones, tablets, and nutrition applications (apps) can overcome some of these problems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of an FDDB smartphone app and food database compared with PRODI®—a professional platform for nutritional counselling using the German Nutrient Database. Dietary records were collected from 10 subjects participating in the crossover intermittent fasting trial for 2 weeks at baseline and during the eating timeframe of 8 h (early or late in the course of the day). The FDDB app and database enabled a quicker and less sophisticated analysis of food composition and timing than the PRODI® software. Good agreement between the methods was found for energy and macronutrient intakes, while the FDDB data on most micronutrients and saturated/unsaturated fat intake were unreliable. In contrast to PRODI®, FDDB provided effective assessment of timely compliance, making it a promising tool for chrononutritional studies. Thus, the FDDB app is comparable to the traditional PRODI® dietary assessment method, and can be effectively used in human dietary trials and medical practice for specific goals.

Traditional dishes, online tools, and public engagement: A feasible and scalable method to evaluate local recipes on nutritional content, sustainability, and health risks. Insight from Abruzzo, Italy

Food composition analysis of traditional dishes could help identify populations’ dietary patterns and association with observed diseases. To deal with these purposes, recipes of the Italian region Abruzzo were collected from the local population, elaborated by a cooking school, and computed micro and macronutrients composition and environmental sustainability through the tool FOODCONS, following the EUROFIR standardised procedures. Food allergen content was assessed through the Healthy Meals web app. The nutritional profile of dishes varied based on ingredients type and amount. Dishes mainly based on red meat, cheese and eggs presented higher environmental impact than plant-based first and side courses, did not line up with the Mediterranean model, and contained highly cholesterol and saturated fat content, which contribute to atherogenic risk. On the other hand, one portion of each dish provided an adequate contribution to Dietary References Values (DRVs). Gluten, soy, eggs, and milk food were identified as most prominent allergens, as poor ingredients used in traditional recipes. Our results contribute to enrichment of the Italian compiled Food Composition Database (cFCDB) and allow us to know local dietary patterns through an easily achievable method, inform consumers about dietary health impact and lead them to a major awareness.

Cr3+-Sphere Effect on the Whitlockite-Type NIR Phosphor Sr9Sc(PO4)7 with High Heat Dissipation for Digital Medical Applications.

The analysis of human body composition and food composition requires high-efficiency broadband near-infrared (NIR) lighting sources to achieve a portable, appropriately sized equipment. Herein, we develop a whitlockite-type NIR phosphor Sr9Sc(PO4)7:Cr3+ with an emission centered at 860 nm and full width at half-maximum of 147 nm. Due to the structural characteristics of the matrix, the 60 mol % Cr3+ substitution at the Sc3+ sites gives an internal quantum efficiency up to 56.5%. By replacing Sr with Ba and Ca, we observe a nontypical spectral shift phenomenon and discuss the influence of the second-sphere effect on octahedral Cr3+ ions. To evaluate the diagnostic application, we design a NIR ceramic device with a high optical power of 27.38 mW and high heat dissipation, which can decrease surface working temperature by nearly 50 °C for digital intraoral application. This study provides the research of the second-sphere coordination effect for selective octahedral sites such as Ca, Sr, and Ba coordinated by O atoms on a whitlockite-type crystal. Furthermore, the device promotes a nonionizing solution for detecting dental caries, tooth calcification, and diagnostic application.

Related Factors and Economic Burden Evaluation of Nosocomial Infection in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Kidney disease in China has the characteristics of “three highs and one low“, namely high incidence, high disability rate, high treatment cost and low awareness. The main outcome is a progressive deterioration of renal function that is not easily corrected, and patients are often hospitalized repeatedly due to factors such as infection, fatigue, lack of medication, water and electrolyte imbalances. It not only accelerates the deterioration of renal function, but also easily causes psychological problems and seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Kidney is an organ with dual functions of endocrine and material metabolism in the human body, and plays an important role in both physiological and pathological processes. Its main functions include urine generation, renal tubular reabsorption, regulation of water and electrolyte metabolism, and endocrine functions. Chronic kidney disease is defined by an unexplained decrease in GFR over three months. At present, clinicians usually take drug corrective measures only when CKD patients have intermediate and advanced PEM with abnormal index examinations (such as decreased plasma albumin, anemia, etc.), and the clinical efficacy is not stable. At present, there are few studies on the related factors and economic burden of nosocomial infection in patients with chronic kidney disease. This study understands the nutrient intake of patients in each disease process, and makes individualized nutritional dietary guidance programs more targeted. Starting from the second day of the patient's hospitalization, the food eaten by the patient was weighed by professionals using the weighing method for 3 consecutive days. By recording and entering into the analysis system, it performs the calculation and analysis of food composition and nutrient intake, and analyzes it using statistical methods. The experimental results showed that patients aged 31-60 years had a higher risk of preoperative infection.

Feeding habit of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) in Kawal Waters, Bintan Regency

Kawal Waters is one of the waters in Bintan which has good fishery resources, one of that is the blue swimming crab. The Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus) is one of the important economic fisheries resources belonging to the Portunidae family. The blue swimming crab is one of the most common organisms used by the community. The purpose of the study was to determine food composition of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) in Kawal waters of Bintan Island, Riau Island on June 2021. The sampling used random sampling method. There were 34 individuals used for food composition analysis. The food composition in the stomach of blue swimming crab consisted of three groups of microalgae, crustacea, and detritus. The food composition in the adult size was found microalgae groups with the percentage composition 78%. It was followed by crustacea of 18,06%, and detritus of 5,12%. The highest of indeks of stomatch contens is in morning caught of 1,15 for males and 1,28 for female.

Intelligent system for assessing the harmfulness of food products based on the processing of textual and graphic information

The paper substantiates the need to assess the harm of food for consumers with chronic diseases or allergies, which is important to prevent possible deterioration of the disease or eliminate acute allergic reactions of the human body to harmful ingredients present in the product. It is proved that currently there is no convenient intelligent system that could recognize the composition of products on the Ukrainian market, provide product characteristics and assess the harmfulness of the product. It is proposed to use food labels and packaging as primary sources of food information that is available to the consumer. It is shown that the printed information on the packages is presented in text-graphic form. The development of a mobile system as a software solution for the detection and analysis of textual and graphical information on the composition of products based on the use of artificial intelligence methods is proposed and substantiated. The block diagram of the intelligent mobile system for detection and analysis of food composition has been developed. The MSER algorithm is used to select text regions on the input image matrix in the presented algorithmic software. The solution to the problem of character recognition was based on the use of convolutional neural network MobileNet-V2, which is currently the best option in the classification of images by mobile applications that do not have a server part, and therefore large computing resources. Alignment of text on the image was carried out using the method of finding a rectangle with the smallest area Developed algorithms for grouping words. A decision support algorithm has been proposed to assess the harmfulness of products. The developed system allows personalized selection of food for each individual user, ie, the assessment of the composition of products is calculated taking into account the state of health of use, existing threats, diseases, restrictions or allergies

Influence of the changing environment on food composition and condition factor in Labeo victorianus (Boulenger, 1901) in rivers of Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya

Labeo victorianus (Boulenger, 1901) is one of the endemic fishes in Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) but is now threatened by multiple stressors caused by human activities. We investigated spatial and temporal variability in food composition and condition of L. victorianus in influent rivers of Lake Victoria, Kenya. Sampling was done during the dry and wet seasons by electrofishing. Food composition analysis showed that L. victorianus is a benthophagus and omnivorous species whose diet is dominated by detritus, periphyton and insects. There were differences in food composition among rivers, with significant river X season interactions (PERMANOVA F = 11.6, df = 4, p = 0.001), suggesting that the diet depended on prevailing environmental conditions. In turbid rivers, the diet was dominated by detritus while in less turbid rivers it was dominated by insects and periphyton. Sand and mud also formed a significant part of the diet, which was an indication of a limited occurrence of preferable food items. There were ontogenetic shifts in food composition (PERMANOVA F = 4.6, df = 3, p = 0.001), but also with a spatial interaction (PERMANOVA F = 5.6, df = 7, p = 0.001), further indicating the role of environmental conditions in determining the diet for different size classes. Interestingly, the fish condition did not differ among rivers. This study shows that turbidity and organic matter and nutrient loading determine the diet of L. victorianus in LVB rivers, and provides further justification for the maintenance of water quality as a conservation measure for threatened species.

Analysis of methodological components and available resources in Costa Rica to generate food composition data

ObjectiveAnalyze the methodological components and available resources for generation of food composition data (FCD) in Costa Rica (CR). MethodsLaboratories that perform food composition analysis in CR were consulted in order to characterize them and evaluate which complied with the standards established by international authorities for the generation of FCD. Finally, the applicability of the technical criteria determined by the international authorities for food and nutrient analysis was evaluated with experts in CR. ResultsWe found that several entities have the capacity of both in infrastructure and human resources to generate FCD, however their work is disjointed, they have a very limited budget and there is no national FCD system. One of the limitations that we identified is that public laboratories don’t offer analysis of water-soluble vitamins, which limits obtaining complete data on food samples. In addition, there is no consensus in the country regarding which foods and nutrients should be included in the food composition databases (FCDB). Costa Rica need to improve the generation of our own data in the country for some specific foods. ConclusionsPromote alliances between entities that have the capacity to produce data and work towards achieving an integrated FCD system in the country.

Macronutrient Values of Local Meals of Some Cameroonian Traditional Communities Living in Yaounde

Background and objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the macronutrient values of some traditional meals consumed by some communities living in Yaounde. Methods: The study was carried out among six traditional communities living in Yaounde (Cameroon) (<i>Mbo, Bamougoum, Eton, Bafia, Haussa and Dschang</i>). This study was carried out in two different stages: a food survey and a food composition analysis. In the first stage: the food questionnaire was administered to 30 natives of each community to investigate local meals more and rarely consumed. After a data analysis of these questionnaires, the most consumed meals were selected for food composition analysis. A total of 41 most consumed meals were selected and prepared (<i>Bafia</i> community (06), <i>Haussa</i> community (09), <i>Dschang</i> community (06), <i>Eton</i> community (06), <i>Mbo</i> community (07) and <i>Bamougoum</i> community (07)). A portion of 100g of each was used to evaluate food composition (moisture, ash, water, proteins and lipids). Results: The results of this study show that the highest meals from <i>Bamougoum</i>, <i>Dschang</i>, <i>Eton</i> and <i>Bafia</i> communities presented the highest level of ash. The protein contents were acceptable for most dishes and were significantly (p<0.05) higher for meals from the <i>Bafia</i> community. Some exhibited high lipid contents with more than 70g/100gdw.Conclusion: The results of this study are essential for determining diet-disease associations and could also be extremely useful for nutrition education and dietary interventions, and are necessary for the successful dietary management of metabolic syndrome and his comorbidities in Cameroon.

Определение химического состава мочевого камня in vivo по профилю потребления нутриентов

Introduction. Сurrently, existing methods for determining the chemical composition of the stone in vivo do not have the necessary accuracy. In this regard, the development of methods for high-precision determination of the chemical nature of urinary stones using modern technologies is relevant for modern urology. Materials and methods. 72 patients with urolithiasis who were treated at the Institute of urology and interventional radiology. N.A. Lopatkin – a branch of the Federal state budgetary institution «NMIC of radiology» of the Ministry of health of Russia, along with standard methods of examination, performed the determination of the chemical composition of urinary stones using infrared spectroscopy. Urinary stones were classified according to the predominant mineral component into six main types (calcium-oxalate, uric acid, calcium phosphate, magnesium-ammonium-phosphate, urate–ammonium and mixed), as well as determining the nutrition stereotype for 25 nutrients using an electronic questionnaire. The classification model was built using the tools of a modern set of Data mining methods-IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 (IBM Corporation, USA). Results. the data set includes the results of the survey of pattern of food and chemical composition analysis of urinary stones on the basis of which a model was produced, allowing high-precision to predict in vivo chemical type of urinary stones. The constructed machine-learning model (C5.0 algorithm) has high predictive accuracy (98.6-100%), specificity (98.2-100%), and sensitivity (100% for the main types of stones and 75.0% for mixed ones). Conclusions. the Developed method for determining the chemical composition of urinary calculus in vivo based on the indicators of the patients nutrition stereotype has a high specificity, sensitivity and accuracy, which allows using this prognostic model in clinical practice.

Overview of current research in Mobile Health

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in attention to such a topic as e-Health, as well as one of its main areas - mobile e-health (mHealth). This is due to global trends, such as the increased attention of state institutions to the health of their citizens, the desire of people to maintain their health and improve the quality of life, digitalization and qualitative growth in the level of medical services, the development and dissemination of personal wearable electronic equipment and ICT technologies. The article discusses a typical architecture of a network for providing mHealth services, which includes a user's smart phone or tablet with specialized software, various mHealth devices, such as an analyzer of the composition of food and drugs or a wearable biometric sensor, as well as a remote cloud server for processing and long-term storage of user data, for connection to Internet is used. The article provides an overview of works on the mHealth topic. In particular, it is noted that at present, Russian and foreign scientists are actively studying the architecture of networks, the characteristics of the generated mHealth network traffic. Peculiarities of using mHealth mobile applications for collecting and analyzing primary data on the user's health are considered. Active research is underway on the performance of mHealth devices, such as portable personal infrared micro spectrometers, which are capable of highly efficient field analysis of food and drug composition. It is noted that such devices and related services may become quite popular in the very near future.

Abnormal Bi3+-Activated NIR Emission in Highly Symmetric XAl12O19 (X = Ba, Sr, Ca) by Selective Sites Occupation

Near-infrared light-emitting diodes (NIR-LEDs) have been a potential candidate in food composition analysis, tempera-ture and security monitoring, biometrics, and medical applications. To realize t...

Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots-Synthesis,Functionalization and Sensing Application in FoodAnalysis.

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with stable physicochemical properties are one of the emerging carbon nanomaterials that have been studied in recent years. In addition to the excellent optical properties such as photoluminescence, photobleaching resistance and light stability, this material also has favorable advantages of good biocompatibility and easy functionalization, which make it an ideal raw material for constructing sensing equipment. In addition, CQDs can combined with other kinds of materials to form the nanostructured composites with unique properties, which provides new insights and ideas for the research of many fields. In the field of food analysis, emerging CQDs have been deeply studied in food composition analysis, detection and monitoring trace harmful substances and made remarkable research progress. This article introduces and compares the various methods for CQDs preparation and reviews its related sensing applications as a new material in food components analysis and food safety inspection in recent years. It is expected to provide a significant guidance for the further study of CQDs in the field of food analysis and detection.

Esterified carotenoids as new food components in cyanobacteria

Among the nutritional properties of microalgae, this study is focused in the presence of carotenoid esters in prokaryote microalgae, an event that has not been shown so far. Three carotenoid esters that accumulate in non-stressful culture conditions are identified in Aphanotece microscopica Nägeli and Phormidum autumnale Gomont, what may provide an extra value to the quality attributes of the carotenoid profile in cyanobacteria as functional foods. In addition, new data on the carotenoid characterization added quality criteria for the identification of the esterified metabolites, enabling the monitoring of these food components. Specifically, the metabolomic approach applied to the food composition analysis, has allowed to differentiate between the esters of zeinoxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin, which were undifferentiated to date during the MS characterization of carotenoids in other food sources. We propose a new qualifier product ion specific for zeinoxanthin ester, which it is not present in the MS2 spectrum of β-cryptoxanthin esters.

Food composition database reliability in calculations of diet offers

This study analysed food offers and compared food composition of daily menus of two most common hospital diets, pancreatic and diabetic diet. In diets that are concentrated on the minimisation of some food components (as minimisation of carbohydrate content in diabetic diet or fat intake minimisation in the pancreatic diet), use of a reliable Food Composition database (FCDB) is an important factor. By use of four FCDBs, Croatian, Danish, USDA and the hospital FCDB, the food composition was analysed. Seven daily offers per two seasons were analysed (seasons: Spring/Summer & Autumn/Winter). Descriptive statistics as well as multivariate tools were used to investigate differences in the food composition, when different FCDB’s were the basis of calculations. Multivariate analysis detected food composition differences in booth diets, when different FCDBs were used (content of energy, proteins, sodium, magnesium, iron & zinc) as well as for offers in different seasons. To be sure that the differences are significant we applied the Bland-Altman test. The results showed different biases and ranges – but none of the food component showed to be significantly different, what would lead to a potential rejection of some of the used FCDB. Those results are a strong confirmation that the Bland-Altman test ensures objective conclusions; like which FCDB is applicable for food composition analysis and menu planning.