Diagnostic Analysis Research Articles

Empowerment of genetic information by women at-risk of being carriers of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies.

The emergence of therapies acting on specific molecular targets for Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DBMD) led to expanded access of diagnostic DMD analysis. However, it is unclear how much of these advances have also improved healthcare and access to genetic testing for women at-risk of being carriers. This study evaluates the process of genetic counseling and empowerment of genetic information by women from DBMD families. We carried out a cross-sectional study between February and June 2022 in Brazil. The online survey with items regarding sociodemographic data; family history; access to health services; reproductive decisions; and the Genomic Outcome Scale was answered by 123 women recruited from a rare diseases reference service and a nationwide patient advocacy group. Genetic counseling was reported by 77/123 (62.6%) of women and 53.7% reported having performed genetic analysis of DMD. Although the majority knew about the risks for carriers of developing heart disease and muscle weakness, only 35% of potential carriers have had cardiac studies performed at least once in their lives. Country region, type of kinship, number of affected males in the family, age, notion of genetic risk, education level, and participation in advocacy groups were the main factors associated with adequate healthcare access to women and empowerment of genetic information. Education to health professionals and policies to expand access to carrier genetic testing, whether public policies or regulation of pharmaceutical companies' diagnostic programs, is paramount to improve the care of families with DBMD in Brazil.

ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА РЕЧЕВЫХ НАРУШЕНИЙ У ДЕТЕЙ С АУТИЗМОМ И СПЕЦИФИЧЕСКИМИ РАССТРОЙСТВАМИ РЕЧИ И ЯЗЫКА

A wide range of speech disorders causes the complex structure of the defect, which results in a disharmonious clinical and psychological characteristic of autism. The expediency of using the method of speech disorders in children with infantile autism is justified by the results of diagnostic efficiency analysis from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine. A wide range of speech disorders causes the complex structure of the defect, which results in a disharmonious clinical and psychological characteristic of autism. Objectivization of speech pathologies with the help of scientifically grounded diagnostic method of speech disorders in children with infantile autism gives an opportunity to create a speech profile of the child, which helps to determine the principles of their correction. The expediency of using the method is justified by the results of diagnostic efficiency analysis from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine.

Circulating Gastric Cancer Stem Cells as Blood Screening and Prognosis Factor in Gastric Cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death, associated with late diagnosis and treatment resistance. Currently, screening tests for GC are not cost-effective or have low accuracy. Previously, we described an extended phenotype of gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs; CD24+CD44+CD54+EpCAM+) that is associated with metastasis and tumor stage in GC patients. The goal of the current research is to evaluate the presence of these GCSCs in the peripheral blood of GC patients and healthy volunteers. A total of 73 blood samples were collected from 32 GC patients and 41 healthy volunteers. After peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) extraction, multiparametric flow cytometry was performed looking for GCSCs. Using clustering data through artificial intelligence (AI), we defined high/low levels of circulating GCSCs (cGCSCs) and proceeded to evaluate its association with clinical and prognostic variables. Finally, a diagnostic test analysis was performed evaluating patients and healthy volunteers. We found that cGCSCs are present in most GC patients with a mean concentration of 0.48%. The AI clustering showed two groups with different cGCSC levels and clinical characteristics. Through statistical analysis, we confirmed the association between cGCSC levels and lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and overall survival. The diagnostic test analysis showed sensibility, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of 83%, 95%, and 0.911, respectively. Our results suggest that the assessment of cGCSCs CD24+CD44+CD54+EpCAM+ could be a potential noninvasive test, with prognostic value, as well as highly sensitive and specific for screening or diagnosis of GC; however, a larger scale study will be necessary to confirm this.

АНАЛИЗ ПЛАНОВЫХ И АВАРИЙНЫХ ОТКЛЮЧЕНИЙ В СЕЛЬСКИХ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИХ СЕТЯХ 0,4 КВ

Interruptions in the power supply of rural consumers are associated with emergency and planned outages. Using the example of one of the central regions of Russia, an analysis of statistical data on accidents and planned outages in rural power grids of 0.4 kilovolts for the period 2018-2023 was carried out. (Research Purpose) The research purpose is analyzing statistical data on emergency and planned outages in rural power grids of 0.4 kilovolts and identifying the relationships of these types of outages. (Materials and methods) Used literature sources, collected statistical data on the number of emergency and planned outages. Their analysis was performed by descriptive and diagnostic methods. (Results and discussion) It was shown during the descriptive analysis that there is an increase in outages of all kinds with a peak in 2023. It was determined during the diagnostic analysis that this is due not only to physical and moral wear and tear of the equipment, but also to changes in the accounting procedure for emergency shutdowns adopted in 2021. We have identified a significant impact on the number of outages of the self-isolation period due to COVID-19, as in 2020 the number of planned repairs decreased by 38 percent compared to 2019. It was found that due to a decrease in the number of scheduled repairs, there was an increase in emergency shutdowns in 2022 - by 1.5 times, in 2023 - by 5.7 times. (Conclusions) A correlation analysis was carried out by the number, duration of emergency and planned outages and the total power turned off by types of outages. It was stated that the correlation for all the studied indicators for the period 2021-2023 has become higher compared to the period 2018-2021, as the system for recording outages after the changes in 2021 turned out to be more objective. It was noted that the number of planned and emergency outages has a linear correlation of at least 0.83 for the entire study period.

A scenario-based web app to facilitate patient education in lung tumor patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: Development and usability testing.

Patient education (PE) is essential for improving patients' knowledge, anxiety, and satisfaction, and supporting their postoperative recovery. However, the advantages of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)-smaller incisions and faster recovery-can result in shorter hospital stays, making PE more challenging to implement effectively. Multimedia PE can potentially enhance PE, but its effectiveness for patients undergoing VATS is unclear. This study developed a scenario-based PE web app for lung tumor patients undergoing VATS (SPE-VATS) to facilitate the PE process and evaluated its usability through a clinical trial. The SPE-VATS provided the experimental group (EG: 32 participants) with interactive scenario, query guidance, diagnostic analysis, experience sharing, and active reminder, while the control group (CG: 32 participants) used pamphlets and videos. The usability of SPE-VATS in terms of postoperative anxiety reduction and patient satisfaction with the app was evaluated using self-reported questionnaires based on the state-trait anxiety inventory, technology acceptance model, system usability scale, and task load index. There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative anxiety reduction between the EG and CG, possibly because 90% of the participants underwent a low-risk surgical type, and VATS is known to be advantageous in alleviating surgical anxiety. However, females and higher educated EG participants showed a non-significant but favorable reduction than their CG counterparts. Moreover, the EG was highly satisfied with the app (rated 4.2 to 4.4 out of 5.0), with no significant gender and education level difference. They particularly valued the interactive scenario, experience sharing, and diagnostic analysis features of SPE-VATS. The SPE-VATS demonstrated its usability and high patient satisfaction, particularly for female and higher educated patients. Low-risk patient predominance and VATS's advantages may explain non-significant postoperative anxiety reduction, warranting further studies on high-risk patients to evaluate the impact of SPE-VATS on clinical practice.

Innovation potantial management of a banking institution in the context of sustainable development

The article considers scientific approaches to the interpretation of the essence of innovation potential as one of the key factors of successful enterprise activity. It presents the general structure of the innovation potential of a banking institution in the form of a system of components, such as financial, personnel, marketing, material and technical, information, organizational, and it is proposed to expand this structure with elements of environmental and social components, which is extremely important in the context of sustainable development. It describes the process of managing the bank's innovation potential, which consists of developing plans, controlling processes, analyzing projects, coordinating between departments, providing resources and evaluating results. Approaches to assessing the innovation potential of an enterprise are systematized, a detailed analysis is carried out at the stage of substantiation of the possibility of an innovative project, when the goals and requirements for the components of the innovation potential are already clearly defined, and when weaknesses are identified, the bank takes measures to improve them. Diagnostic analysis is widely used in strategic management. The integral approach to assessing the innovation potential of an enterprise, which is most often used in the practice of entrepreneurship, is disclosed in detail. Taking into account the strategy of environmental and social responsibility of the bank in the context of sustainable development, it is proposed to include an assessment of the environmental and social aspects in the general methodology for assessing the innovation potential of the bank. When assessing the innovation potential of the bank, it is proposed to use the following scale: 0–4.0 – low level, 4.1–7.5 – medium level, 7.6–10.0 – high level of use of innovation potential. The results of the evaluation of each component of innovation potential are used to calculate the overall indicator of the level of innovation potential. After that, an average value is set for each component based on these estimates, which serves as the initial data for identifying the weaknesses of the bank. The integral indicator is calculated as the arithmetic mean of the total sum of all components of the bank's innovation potential.

O USO DO O-ARM® OU DA RADIOSCOPIA EM CIRURGIAS DA COLUNA: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA COM META-ANÁLISE

ABSTRACT The great advances in using new devices and imaging systems in surgeries aim to reproduce an ideal and safe scenario for the surgeon, the team, and the patient. New systems and devices are constantly available to demonstrate and facilitate intraoperative navigation, thereby reducing errors and avoiding complications for the patient and staff. This study evaluates and compares using the O-arm® system and radioscopy in the freehand technique in spine surgeries. For this, searches were conducted in PubMed and Embase for randomized and non-randomized studies using the O-arm® system and radioscopy in spine surgery. Twenty-four studies were included and compared regarding procedure time, accuracy of implant positioning, effective radiation dose, safety, and efficacy. In one study, the O-arm® group showed a shorter surgical time when compared to the freehand technique (222.5 min. [SD=38.0] vs. 255.2 min. [SD=40.3], p=0.011, respectively). In two studies, the freehand technique resulted in a lower effective radiation dose for patients. In 12 studies, a higher incidence of complications was observed among patients undergoing surgery with the freehand technique. It was concluded that using the O-arm® is associated with a reduction in malposition of implants and more safety for instrumented procedures. Still, no evidence exists that its use can result in less surgical time. Level of Evidence I; Diagnostic Analysis and Studies, Investigation of a Diagnostic Test.

University English Translation Teaching in the Context of Artificial Intelligence: Problems and Countermeasures

Abstract With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, university English translation teaching faces many challenges and opportunities. This article studies the problems in teaching in this context and proposes effective countermeasures. Diagnostic analysis and factor analysis are used in the article to conduct an in-depth study of the three levels of the teaching process: knowledge skills, autonomy, and emotional development. The students achieved a 70% mastery rate in knowledge and skills, while their independence and emotional development performance was 60% and 50%, respectively. This paper proposes an English speech translation system based on artificial intelligence to enhance teaching effectiveness. After a 14-week teaching experiment, the average grade of the students in the experimental class improved by about 6.82 points compared to the traditional teaching class, proving the system’s effectiveness. The study diagnosed the current problems in university English translation teaching, verified the potential of AI technology in improving teaching quality through empirical research, and combined with AI technology can effectively improve the quality and efficiency of university English translation teaching.

Improving Support vector machine for Imbalanced big data classification

A significant proportion of one type of pattern and a relatively small quantity of another type of pattern can be found in many unbalanced real data sets. In addition, finding significant observations and excluding influential observations is effectively accomplished through diagnostic analysis. Support vector machines (SVM), a common classification technique, perform poorly on imbalanced datasets and when influential observations exist. In this research, the pigeon optimization algorithm as a metaheuristic algorithm is employed to address the influence observation issues in SVM. Experiments are done on three real sets of data. Our approach provides higher classification accuracy compared to other widely used algorithms. This approach could be used for further biological, chemical, and medical datasets.

Risk factors of technological development of industrial regions of the Russian Federation

In this article, the author continues research in the field of technological development of industrial regions of the Russian Federation. This study expands the author’s methodology for diagnosing the technological development of industrial regions. The purpose of the study is to diagnose material, labor and investment factors in the development of traditional and high-tech sectors of the economy of industrial regions. Based on the diagnostics carried out, the identification of risk factors for the technological development of industrial regions is identified. For the purpose of diagnosing and assessing the factors of technological development, the author has developed a research methodology in relation to the industrial regions of the Russian Federation, including: 1) Development of a system of indicators characterizing the factors of technological development of the industrial regions of the Russian Federation. Grouping of factors of technological development of industrial regions into three groups: material, labor and investment. Dividing the factors of technological development into two sectors of the economy: traditional and high-tech. 2) Analysis of the values of statistical indicators of factors of technological development of industrial regions of the Russian Federation. 3) Point-rating assessment of factors, which is carried out on a scale from -2 to 2. 4) Analysis of factors of technological development of industrial regions of the Russian Federation with values below the average for the Russian Federation for 2018-2022. 5) Grouping of industrial regions into risk zones, which was carried out on the basis of an analysis of scientific literature and diagnostics of factors of technological development. 6) Development of directions for neutralizing risk factors identified during the diagnostic process in the traditional and high-tech sectors of the economy. Research tools include: economic analysis, factor analysis, statistical analysis, comparative analysis, scoring.

Programmable DNA barcode-encoded exponential amplification reaction for the multiplex detection of miRNAs.

Multiple analysis of miRNAs is essential for the early diagnosis and monitoring of diseases. Here, a programmable, multiplex, and sensitive approach was developed for one-pot detection of miRNAs by melting temperature encoded sequences and exponential isothermal amplification (E-EXPAR). In the presence of target miRNAs, the corresponding templates initiate the cycles of nicking and polymerization/displacement, generating numerous barcode strands with unique encoding sequences. Subsequently, generated barcode strands hybridize with fluorescent probes and quench the fluorophore by a triplet of G base through a photo-induced electron transfer mechanism. Finally, a melting curve analysis is performed to quantify miRNAs by calculating the rate of fluorescence change at the corresponding melting temperature. Based on this, miRNA-21, miRNA-9, and miRNA-122 were detected with the detection limits of 3.3 fM, 2.9 fM, and 1.7 fM, respectively. This E-EXPAR was also employed to simultaneously detect three miRNAs in biological samples, showing consistent results with RT-qPCR. Overall, this study provides a programmable and universal platform for multiplex analysis of miRNAs, and holds great promise as an alternative to the multiplex analysis in clinical diagnostics and prognostics for nucleic acid detection.

Subfamily of betaherpesviruses as a cause of epithelial and stromal keratitis

This article presents the first clinical results of intravital morphological verification of epithelial and stromal keratitis associated with betaherpesviruses. The study group included 12 patients (12 eyes) diagnosed with herpetic keratitis. During the initial visit to the clinic, each patient underwent a standard ophthalmological examination, as well as a number of laboratory tests: immunochemical analysis of blood, molecular diagnostics, and confocal microscopy. Histological study of the cornea was additionally performed in cases indicated for surgical treatment (2 patients). According to enzyme-linked immunoelectrodiffusion essay (ELISA), acute-phase immunoglobulins of class M (Ig M) to cytomegalovirus (CMV) were detected in only one clinical case. Class G immunoglobulins (Ig G) to both CMV and human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6) were detected in the majority of cases. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) revealed CMV DNA in tears (2 patients) and in saliva (4 patients). The HHV-6 genome was found in tears (2 patients) and in saliva (3 patients). According to the results of confocal microscopy, owl's eye cells were found in 8 patients of the group. Histological examination of the cornea helped identify pathognomonic cells in one case. Thus, 8 patients of the group were diagnosed with keratitis associated with the betaherpesvirus subfamily. Results of observation of the study patients suggest the possibility of developing keratitis associated with the subfamily of betaherpesviruses with localization in the superficial layers of the cornea. Confocal microscopy can be useful for identification of pathognomonic owl's eye cells in the corneal tissues and confirmation of the diagnosis of betaherpesvirus-associated keratitis. Investigation of the etiological factor of superficial and stromal viral keratitis is important for determining the further tactics of pharmacotherapy.

Structural analysis of prognostic diagnostics of cardiovascular system adaptive capacity and assessment of psycho physiological resistance to stressоgenic cognitive loads.

Aim: To conduct a structural analysis of cardiological signs of adaptation to stressogenic cognitive loads by identifying factor features of correlations between heart rate variability (HRV) and coping-testing data indicators. Materials and Methods: 43 people aged 19.7±1.8 years (23 boys and 20 girls) were monitored for their HRV. Methods included DC-06000 portable ECG recorder, 3X series "badge" type (single channel) and COPE Test. The study process includes four stages. Results: As a result of further factor correlation analysis, it was revealed that Factor 1 "HRV Stress Indicators" has a negative correlation (p<0.05) of "moderate" strength ρs= -0.363 with Factor 2 "Strategies to avoid problems and stresses" and a positive correlation of "weak" strength ρs=0.167 with Factor 3 "Psychoemotional Indicators". If two factors correlate with each other, it indicates they are related and can interact, which is important for adequate interpretation of the results of factor analysis. Conclusions: Structural analysis of the complex of cardiological signs of adaptivity to stressogenic cognitive loads and coping-testing data revealed the existence of three correlated factors: Factor 1 "HRV Stress Scores", Factor 2 "Strategies to avoid problems and stress", Factor 3 "Psychoemotional indicators". The revealed negative correlation of Factors 1 and 2 may indicate that in case the impact of Factor 2 "Strategies to avoid problems and stress" increases, the intensity of Factor 1 "HRV Stress Scores" (i.e., stress signs according to the indicators of heart rate variability) may decrease.

320 Machine learning for the prediction of placenta accreta spectrum- systematic review and diagnostic meta analysis

320 Machine learning for the prediction of placenta accreta spectrum- systematic review and diagnostic meta analysis

Oscillometry in Asthma: Respiratory Modeling and Analysis in Occupational and Work-Exacerbated Phenotypes.

Asthma onset or worsening of the disease in adulthood may be associated with occupational asthma (OA) or work-exacerbated asthma (WEA). Oscillometry and respiratory modeling offer insight into the pathophysiology and contribute to the early diagnosis of respiratory abnormalities. This study aims to compare the changes due to OA and WEA and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of this method. Ninety-nine volunteers were evaluated: 33 in the control group, 33 in the OA group, and 33 in the WEA group. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) was used to describe diagnostic accuracy. Oscillometric analysis showed increased resistance at 4hz (R4, p<0.001), 20hz (R20, p<0.05), R4-R20 (p<0.0001), and respiratory work (p<0.001). Similar analysis showed reductions in dynamic compliance (p<0.001) and ventilation homogeneity, as evaluated by resonance frequency (Fr, p<0.0001) and reactance area (p<0.0001). Respiratory modeling showed increased peripheral resistance (p<0.0001), hysteresivity (p<0.0001), and damping (p<0.0001). No significant changes were observed comparing OA with WEA in any parameter. For OA, the diagnostic accuracy analyses showed Fr as the most accurate among oscillometric parameters (AUC=0.938), while the most accurate from respiratory modeling was hysteresivity (AUC=0.991). A similar analysis for WEA also showed that Fr was the most accurate among traditional parameters (AUC=0.972), and hysteresivity was the most accurate from modeling (AUC=0.987). The evaluation of differential diagnosis showed low accuracy. Oscillometry and modeling have advanced our understanding of respiratory abnormalities in OA and WEA. Furthermore, our study presents evidence suggesting that these models could aid in the early diagnosis of these diseases. Respiratory oscillometry examinations necessitate only tidal breathing and are straightforward to conduct. Collectively, these practical considerations, coupled with the findings of our study, indicate that respiratory oscillometry in conjunction with respiratory modeling, may enhance lung function assessments in OA and WEA.

Diagnostic performance of serum metabolites biomarker associated with colorectal adenoma: a systematic review.

Evidence on serum biomarkers as a non-invasive tool to detect colorectal adenoma (CRA) in the general population is quite promising. However, the sensitivity and specificity of these serum biomarkers in detecting disease are still questionable. This study aimed to systematically review the evidence on the diagnostic performance of serum biomarkers associated with CRA. Database searches on PubMed, Scopus, and WoS from January 2014 to December 2023 using PRISMA guidelines resulted in 4,380 citations, nine of which met inclusion criteria. The quality of these studies was assessed using the QUADOMICS tool. These studies reported on 77 individual/panel biomarkers which were further analysed to find associated altered pathways using MetaboAnlyst 5.0. Diagnostic accuracy analysis of these biomarkers was conducted by constructing a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve using their reported sensitivity and specificity. This review identified six potential serum metabolite biomarkers with 0.7<AUC<1. Benzoic acid, acetate, and lactate significantly differentiate CRA vs. normal, while adenosine, pentothenate, and linoleic acid are highly remarkable for CRA vs. CRC. The five most affected pathways for CRA vs. normal are glycoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism; and nitrogen metabolism. Meanwhile, pyruvate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, glycerolipid metabolism, citrate/TCA cycle, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism were found to be altered in CRA vs. CRC. However, the association of suggested serum metabolites and altered pathways is still unknown. Despite promising emerging evidence, further validation studies in a diverse population with standardized methodology are needed to validate the findings.

Characteristics of visual perception of patients’ faces and the formation of “observation” in the process of training cosmetologists

Professional experience assists specialists in processing information more quickly and effectively making precise decisions. Visual expertise, as a crucial component of experience, refers to the capability to rapidly perceive visual information within a specific professional domain, acquired through systematic education, professional development, and practice. Numerous studies utilize eye-tracking methods to analyze the relationship between professional experience and gaze patterns. For instance, experienced dermatologists have developed optimal scanning patterns, allowing them to efficiently allocate attention and accurately identify key diagnostic features within images amidst numerous secondary details. The purpose of this study is to analyze changes in oculomotor patterns after completing the author’s training program for doctors, aimed at versatile aesthetic analytics of the face, building individual treatment protocols and increasing the patient’s adherence to aesthetic medicine in order to assess the possibility of developing observation in the conditions of short-term training. Thirty cosmetic doctors participated in the study, which utilized eye-tracking methods with the Neuroburo program-hardware complex. The study was conducted in two phases – before and after training – with 15 patient facial images exhibiting various dermatological issues presented on a computer screen to the cosmetic doctors. Participants were tasked with identifying signs of dermatological disorders of the patients. Following training, a decrease in the number of fixations, an increase in saccadic amplitude, and a reduction in the overall scanning path length were observed among the cosmetic doctors. These findings indicate a more optimized perception strategy and suggest a more systematic and directed approach to diagnostic image analysis. The results suggest an enhanced global perception ability among the doctors, which may aid in recognizing broader patterns and structures and understanding the wider context and relationships between details.

Diagnostic Accuracy Analysis Of Photon-counting Detector CT For Detecting Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease

Diagnostic Accuracy Analysis Of Photon-counting Detector CT For Detecting Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease

The Value of Long-term Video EEG Monitoring to Diagnose and Track Childhood Epilepsy.

Long-term video-EEG monitoring (LTM) is a new technique to assess and track fluctuations, classify seizures, identify epileptic syndromes, and determine the number of seizures and epilepsy-simulating disorders. The present study aims to evaluate the concordance of traditional EEG and LTM in assessing childhood epilepsy. This cross-sectional before-after study was performed on 120 children with epilepsy who were referred to the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (EMU) at the Children's Medical Center between September 2021 and September 2022 and were monitored for at least eight hours in this unit. The source of the study information collection was the patients' recorded files. A neurologist reviewed the primary EEGs, and two experts blindly reviewed and interpreted the patients' LTMs under a clinical neurophysiologist's supervision. The diagnoses changed after employing LTM in most children with epilepsy. Based on the diagnostic agreement analysis between EEG and LTM, the coefficient value for LTM was calculated at -0.37 (p= 0.229), showing that LTM has significantly expanded patients' diagnoses and care plans. The use of LTM improves the diagnosis, classification, and monitoring of epilepsy in affected children and can be a reliable supplement to EEG in some instances.

Diagnostic Value Analysis of PI-RADS v2.1 Combined with ADC Values in the Risk Stratification of Prostate Cancer Gleason Scores: A Retrospective Study.

Prostate cancer is a remarkable global health concern, necessitating accurate risk stratification for optimal treatment and outcome prediction. By highlighting the potential of imaging-based approaches to improve risk assessment in prostate cancer, this research aims to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) v2.1 combined with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values to gain increased context within the broad landscape of clinical needs and advancements in prostate cancer management. The clinical data of 145 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer were retrospectively analysed. The patients were divided into low-moderate- and high-risk groups on the basis of Gleason scores. PI-RADS v2.1 scores were assessed by senior radiologists and ADC values were calculated by using diffusion-weighted imaging. Statistical, univariate logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were employed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of each index and combined PI-RADS v2.1 scores and ADC values. This study found significant differences in PI-RADS v2.1 scores and ADC values between the low-moderate- and high-risk groups (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed associations of various clinical indicators, PI-RADS score and ADC values with Gleason risk classification. Amongst indices, mean ADC demonstrated the highest sensitivity (0.912) and area under curve (AUC) value (0.962) and the combination of PI-RADS v2.1 with mean ADC showed high predictive value for the Gleason risk grading of prostate cancer with a high AUC value (0.966). This study provides valuable evidence for the potential utility of imaging-based approaches, specifically PI-RADS v2.1 combined with ADC values, in enhancing the accuracy of risk stratification in prostate cancer.