Amount Of Water Usage Research Articles

Monte Carlo Simulation Of Estimating Clean Water Supplies

Estimates are important tools in effective and efficient planning for predicting future events. Identical estimates of the future values of a variable for planning or decision making of a situation to estimate future values. Monte Carlo simulation is a simulation model that involves a series of random and sampling with a probability distribution that can be known and determined, then this simulation can be used. In this study, data is taken from the amount of water usage in PDAM Tirtanadi H.M branch. Yamin, North Sumatra from January 2018 to June 2019. Then, the data is processed and analyzed using Monte Carlo Simulation to determine the forecast results in the years that follow. The result is an estimated amount of water usage in 2019 and 2020 at PDAM Tirtanadi H.M branch. Yamin, North Sumatra is 8,604,556 and 8,592,873. The estimated amount of water use is down from the amount of water use in 2018 which reached 8,685,356. The amount of water usage in 2018, 2019 and 2020 decreases by about .

Paying for water in Turkey: an analysis of Turkish water legislation in light of the precedent criteria of the Turkish Constitutional Court.

Water, which is a basic need for humans and the natural world, is a limited resource. It is a cyclical element and not a freely traded commodity. The right to access to water is acknowledged as a basic right because of the importance of water for human life, and for this reason, water is a topic in many human rights texts. The restricted availability of this global resource, which must be sustainable to maintain life, has increased its importance for countries and made its fair and just management necessary. Putting the proper methods into practice is a lot harder than it appears, however, because theories and practices did not sit well together from different perspectives and different ones were developed worldwide. These approaches vary according to countries' access to water, amount of water usage, level of development, and economic situation. Because of these variables, a number of international studies have been carried out to eliminate the strain on water resources. The focus of these studies is on the definition of water resources and the rights and principles of usage and ownership of water. This study views water as a commercial commodity, and its subject is the pricing strategies for water and the underlying legal basis of the acknowledgement of water resources in Turkey as a public asset.

Water Consumption Trend among Students in a University’s Residential Hall

In a university, student can be considered as the largest proportion of the campus residents. A university has to allocate high costs to cover student facilities with a very restricted fund. It is important to understand how the student used these facilities. Hence, in this study, a trend of water consumption among student was investigated. The objective is to identify the amount of water usage per person and the difference between genders. To measure the water consumption among student, water meter reading (in litres) was done by observing every block of student’s hostels at randomly selected days within five weeks. The collected water meter reading (in litres) was analysed using descriptive and some statistical hypothesis tests. From the analysis, it was found that the average daily water consumption of students in the residential halls is exceed average water demand which is 250 litres/student that provided by Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara (SPAN). In addition, female student found to consume more water than male student. These outcomes showed that the university should take some initiatives to enhance student awareness on the importance of saving their daily water usage.

Analysis of the Effects of Rainfall, Land Use Changes, and Amount of Water Usage on Groundwater Level Decreasing (Study in Gedebage)

Sustainable urban development has been one of the main concerns for policy-makers. Increasing rate of population and urbanization have resulted in several socio-environmental impacts on people. Hence, water resources management in cities, as one of the most vital strategies, has become more complicated and challenging. In this study, the impact of precipitation, land-use changes, and amount of groundwater usageon groundwater level fluctuations was assessed. Using precipitation, remote sensing maps data from satellites, data of groundwater level, and land-use was extracted and processed by different formula and mapping tools. Gedebage Area in Bandung, Indonesia was selected as the case study location. The potential impacts of urban development in this city on groundwater resources were studied. The results suggest that from 2014 to 2018, Groundwater level decreasion was to increase simultaneously with run off discharge. Society perception confirmed that 95% is affected by precipitation, landuse change and amount of water usage at significance <0.05 while this change rate was more intense during previous decades and is predicted to be increased by 2030. Since relationship between precipitation, land-use change and amount of groundwater usage on groundwater level decreasion is undeniable, novel methodology of this stsudy can be employed for other fast-growing cities in Indonesia.

Analysis of the Effects of Rainfall, Land Use Changes, and Amount of Water Usage on Groundwater Level Decreasing (Study in Gedebage)

Analysis of the Effects of Rainfall, Land Use Changes, and Amount of Water Usage on Groundwater Level Decreasing (Study in Gedebage)

Innovation of New System of Water Supply for Wudhu

Wudhu (ablution) ritual is an activity of cleaning physical parts for Muslims to perform their prayer five times per day. During this wudhu ritual process, the water is allowed to run free and drain away. At-times, this has caused some concerns particualrly on water wastage. Many organizations in Malaysia such as AACE Technologies Sdn. Bhd. came out with a solution and steps as “Auto Wudu Washer” in order to overcome this wastage, but the result was not satisfying enough. This study introduces a wudhu system that can reduce the amount of water usage during wudhu ritual consistently by limiting around 1 litre per consumer. Generally, there were seven (7) parts that have been used in this project such as 1 litre of container, magnet, float, valve push button, washer and cap. These designs did not utilize any electronic devices. Using these parts, 2 experiments were conducted namely the current wudhu system and the upgraded wudhu system by 10 (Muslims) respectively. The result of this project confirmed that using the Upgraded Wudhu System with amount of water limited to 1 litre per consumer was better than the current wudhu system by ten times.

Evaluation of different soil water potential by field capacity threshold in combination with a triggered irrigation module

Irrigation efficiency improvement requires optimization of its parameters like irrigation scheduling, threshold and amount of water usage. If these parameters are not satisfactorily optimized, negative consequences for the plant-soil system can occur with decreased yield and hence economic viability of the agricultural production. Numerical modelling represents an efficient, i.e. simple and fast method for optimizing and testing different irrigation scenarios. In this study HYDRUS-1D model assuming single- and dual-porosity systems was used to evaluate a triggered irrigation module for irrigation scheduling in maize/soybean cropping trials. Irrigation treatment consisted of two irrigation regimes (A2 = 60-100% field capacity (FC) and A3 = 80-100% FC) and control plot (A1) without irrigation. The model showed a very good fit to the measured data with satisfactory model efficiency values of 0.77, 0.69, and 0.93 (single-porosity model) and 0.84, 0.67, and 0.92 (dual-porosity model) for A1, A2, and A3 plots, respectively. The single-porosity model gave a slightly better fit in the irrigated plots while the dual-porosity model gave better performance in the control plot. This inconsistency between the two approaches is due to the manual irrigation triggering and uncertainty in field data timing collection. Using the triggered irrigation module provided more irrigation events during maize and soybean crop rotation and consequently increased cumulative amounts of irrigated water. However, that increase resulted in more water available in the root zone during high evapotranspiration period. The HYDRUS code can be used to optimize irrigation threshold values further by assuming different scenarios (e.g. different irrigation threshold or scheduling) or a different crop.

A Study on the Changes and Development of Water Resources in Urumqi

Using Excel software, this paper analyzes the changes of water resources in recent 10 years in the area of Urumqi, and it discovers that water resources per capital in Urumqi is declining; the annual precipitation is ascending in its totality though there is fluctuation; the amount of water usage is rising evidently and there is an increase tendency in the apects of lacking water resources and imbalance between supply and demand. The main reasons that cause the above situation are the serious waste and low utilization of water resources; extensive use and over-development of water resources in some parts of Urumqi; unreasonable industrial distribution and lack of the comprehensive and unitied diministration of water resources. Faced with these problems, the paper tries to put some suggestions from the point view of regional sustainable development. Keywords: water resources; changes; development; Urumqi

Biodegradability oriented treatability studies on high strength segregated wastewater of a woolen textile dyeing plant

Textile dyeing and finishing industry involves considerable amount of water usage as well as polluted and highly colored wastewater discharges. Biological treatability by means of mineralization, nitrification and denitrification of high strength woolen textile dye bathes, first- and second-rinses is presented. COD fractionation study was carried out and kinetic parameters were determined. Biodegradability of organic compounds in highly loaded composite wastewater after segregation and the effluent of applied biological treatment of high strength composite wastewater were measured by determining oxygen consumption rates. The results were used in terms of assessing an alternative method for inert COD fractionation. The study implied that about 80% soluble COD, 50% color and 75% toxicity reduction were possible by single sludge biological processes. Sixteen per cent of total COD was found to be initially inert. Inert fraction was increased to 22% by production of soluble and particulate microbial products through biological treatment.