Elephant Foot Yam Research Articles

Proximate composition, phytochemical screening and antihyperglycemic effect of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) tuber on alloxan induced diabetic rats

Proximate composition, phytochemical screening and antihyperglycemic effect of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) tuber on alloxan induced diabetic rats

Fuel Grade Bioetanol Production from Suweg Starch Through Distilation-Adsorption Process Using Natural Zeolite

Suweg (Amorphophallus campanulatus B) is a sweet tuber which has starch content around 77%, it is suitable as raw material for fuel grade bioethanol production. Bioethanol is ethanol derived from biomass. Fuel grade bioethanol must have a minimum concentration 99.5%. This research will study the effect of zeolite adsorbent concentration on the ethanol purification. The manufacture of fuel grade bioethanol through hydrolysis, fermentation, and purification via distillation and adsorption. Hydrolysis and fermentation (SSF) were carried out on Suweg starch at concentration of 250 g/L using StargenTM 002 at a concentration of 1.5% (w/w) and a concentration of 5 g/L Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 78 hours, producing maximum crude ethanol at a concentration of 14.09% for 54 hours. Furthermore, this crude ethanol is purified using two-stage distillation for 105 minutes and adsorption using natural zeolite with various concentration of 30-90% (w/v) for 120 minutes. The best results of distillation purification produce ethanol concentration of 94.78% (v/v) for 90 minutes, while the adsorption process stage produces 99.62% bioethanol using 90% (w/v) zeolite for 90 minutes.

A Comparison of the Bioethanol Production from Suweg (Amorphophallus campanulatus) through Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation as well as Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Suweg has the potential to develop bioethanol because of the high starch content. This is a form of ethanol produced from living organisms. The processes used include separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) as well as simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Furthermore, the components utilised in this study include StargenTM 002 (1.5%, w/w) for hydrolysis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae for fermentation at a temperature, and PH of 30ºC and 4.5 respectively, with varying starch concentrations (150-250 gL−1). The results showed the highest ethanol yield of 89.57 and 99.52 gL−1 from SHF and SSF, respectively from a suweg concentration of 200 gL−1 treated for 54 h. Meanwhile, 250 gL−1 samples attained 62.22; 99.57; and 101.56 gL−1, respectively. Therefore, SSF method provided a more efficient process for producing bioethanol using the 250 gL−1 concentration, although the increase from 200 gL−1 to 250 gL−1 only produced a 1.96% higher yield.

Microwave assisted green synthesis of ZnO nanotubes using Amorphophallus paeoniifolius tuber extract.

Green nanoparticle synthesis is gaining significant interest and is the perfect alternative to the chemical and physical synthesis process. This paper introduces a novel plant-mediated microwave-assisted green synthesis of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanotubes using Amorphophallus paeoniifolius tuber extract. In the nanoparticle synthesis process, the tubers phytochemicals serve as a reducing agent and a bio template. The synthesized nanoparticles are exposed to microwave radiation for 15 minutes and are then annealed at 400°C for 1 hour. The green synthesized nanoparticles are analyzed with XRD, UV-Vis spectroscopy, HRTEM, EDX, and FTIR spectroscopy. Subsequently, TEM images depicts the tube-shaped ZnO NPs with d-spacing of 2.3Å. The XRD confirms the wurtzite phase with 14 nm as mean particle size.

Nutritional composition and antidiabetic effect of germinated endosperm (Borassus flabellifer), tuber (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) and their combined impact on rats

Diabetic patients usually avoid germinated endosperm of sugar palm (GESP) and elephant foot yam tuber (EFYT), fearing that these may further deteriorate existing hyperglycemia. In the present study, this suspicion was investigated by analyzing the nutrients and following the animal experiments by supplementary feeding powder of GESP, EFYT, and their mixture in addition to the regular diet for the six consecutive weeks. Next three weeks, the powder was withdrawn, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were recorded from the beginning. The results clearly showed that these foodstuffs significantly (P < 0.001) reduced FBG levels of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The mixture of GESP & EFYT showed the maximum antidiabetic effects followed by GESP and EFYT, respectively. GESP, as well as the mixture, returned the FBG levels of diabetic rats within the normal range by the end of the 6th week, even after withdrawing the powder, but not by the EFYT. These results suggested that the foodstuffs may restore the damaged pancreatic β-cell functions by the end of the 6th week. Nutrient contents like fiber, zinc, as well as antidiabetogenic phytochemicals present in these foodstuffs, could perform these functions.

Effect of weed control on growth, dry-matter production and partitioning in elephant-foot yam [Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson

A field experiment was conducted to find out the effect of weed control on growth, dry-matter production and partitioning in elephant-foot yam [Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson] during 2016 and 2017 at the Regional Centre, ICAR-CTCRI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The treatments consisted of combinations of herbicides (pre- and post-emergence), hand-weeding and weed control ground cover (WCGC) along with the control (weedy check). The treatments WCGC, 4 hand-weeding at 30, 60, 90 and 120 DAP and 2 hand-weeding at 30 and 60 DAP+glyphosate (at 90 DAP) resulted in higher plant height, canopy spread, pseudostem diameter, dry-matter accumulation in shoot, corm, root and total. Higher corm length, corm diameter and corm yield were noticed in treatments WCGC, 4 hand-weeding at 30, 60, 90 and 120 DAP and 2 hand-weeding at 30 and 60 DAP+glyphosate (at 90 DAP). The treatment control (weedy check) resulted in lower growth attributes, yield attributes and corm yield. The treatments WCGC, 4 hand-weeding at 30, 60, 90 and 120 DAP and 2 hand-weeding at 30 and 60 DAP+glyphosate (at 90 DAP) resulted in higher dry-matter and starch, and lower calcium oxalate content in corms. The treatment control (weedy check) resulted in lower dry-matter and starch, and higher calcium oxalate content in corms.

Phenology and productivity of elephant-foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) in relation to planting time under humid tropical conditions

Phenology and productivity of elephant-foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) in relation to planting time under humid tropical conditions

Utilization and Cultivation of Suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson in Areas around Ciremai Mount, Cimanuk Watershed Region

Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson which in the local language is popularly known as suweg is a plant that grows widely in Indonesia, including in rural areas around Ciremai Mountain, whose landscape is in the Cimanuk Watershed area. This study aims to examine the knowledge of the population related to the utilization and cultivation of suweg in the Ciremai Mountain area, namely in the Cipulus, Cilancang, Jagasari, and Sindangpanji Village which are administratively included in Cikijing Sub District, Majalengka Regency, West Java Province. This study uses a qualitative method. The data was collected through deep interviews purposively with people who have competence as informants, including owners of the land where the suweg grows, farmers, and public figures. Data analysis was done by crosschecking, summarizing, and synthesizing descriptively narrated. As a result of the research, residents in the four villages informed that the suweg was already at least around 1950, but its exact origin is not known. Generally, suweg is used as jaburan, a type of additional food. Especially in Sindangpanji Village, suweg is also used as fish feed. People in the four villages do not cultivate suweg intensively. Suweg is also not a commodity, but only subsistence.

Pharmacognostical Evaluation and In vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Alcoholic and Aqueous Extracts of Corm of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst)

Background Cancer is an abnormal growth of cells that can arise in any part of the body and causes death. It affects more than one-third in the world and is 20 higher in all fatalities. Tobacco viral infection chemicals radiation etc. causes cancer. Several cancer treatments include surgery chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Objective In this investigation a corm of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius AP was evaluated for pharmacognostical preliminary phytochemical investigation and curative effect of aqueous extract of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius APA and alcoholic extract of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius APE corm for in vitro anti-cancer activity.Methodology In the present study breast cancer cancer of prostate and cancer of cervical human cell lines were used by using MTT SRB and Trypan blue methods followed by their histopathological studies.Results The pharmacognostical studies helps in authentication and identification of plant. The results of cytotoxicity studies of aqueous extract of corm of AP revealed significant cytotoxic properties as compared to alcoholic extract and control group against breast carcinoma prostate carcinoma carcinoma of cervical cell lines in all the tested in vitro anti-cancer models with CTC50 value gt 500 mugmL. The inhibition depends on the increase in concentration of crude extracts and attains linearity till it reaches CTC50 value.Conclusion From the results we can conclude that aqueous and alcoholic extracts of corm of plant can be employed in treatment of various cancer diseases.

Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic Activity of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius by Streptozotocin and Alloxan-Induced Model Using Danio rerio

We believe on natural remedy from ancient time. Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani medicine system gives sufficient importance to Amorphophallus paeoniifolius for its therapeutic efficiency. A. paeoniifolius is commonly known as “elephant foot yam”. The tuber, corms, and leaf parts are having therapeutic importance. At first, the leaves of the plant were collected from the locality of Hooghly district, West Bengal, India in the month of August. After shade drying and size reduction, maceration process was performed using hydroalcoholic solvent (80:20). Phytochemical tests were performed to identify the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, saponin, inulin, proteins and carbohydrates. A large group of Streptozotocin (STZ) and Alloxan-induced diabetic adult zebrafishes (Danio rerio) were taken, weighed and divided into control, test (A. paeoniifolius leaf extract 15, 30 and 50 mg/dl concentration) and standard groups. At 72 h, all group of zebrafishes were weighed and sacrificed to check their final blood glucose level (Accu-Chek: NC Roche). Leaf extract of A. paeoniifolius showed anti-diabetic activity on zebrafish at 15, 30 and 50 mg/dl concentration. Different concentration of test sample (15, 30 and 50 mg/dl) showed significant anti-diabetic activity on zebrafish model where different standard diabetes-induced model (by using STZ and alloxan) were used. Keywords : alloxan, Amorphophallus paeoniifolius, Danio rerio, streptozotocin (STZ) Cite this Article Mukherjee, Bose. Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic Activity of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius by Streptozotocin and Alloxan-Induced Model Using Danio rerio . Research &amp; Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacognosy . 2020; 7(3): 18–29p.

Antioxidant Capacity of Indigenous Root and Tuber Crops of Sri Lanka as Affected by Simple Processing

The indigenous root and tuber crops in Sri Lanka have not been exploited by the food industry. With a view to establish their nutritional importance and promote consumption and industry usage, this study determined the contents of selected bio active compounds and antioxidant properties in 15 root and tuber crops varieties namely, Amorphophallus paeoniifolius, Canna indica (2 Selections), Dioscorea alata (6 varieties), D. bulbifera, D. esculenta, Maranta arundinacea and Xanthosoma sagittifolium (3 varieties), both in their raw and processed (boiled) forms. Antioxidant capacity (AOC) of yams was determined by Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) Assay and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Radical Scavenging Assay. Total phenolics (TPC) and ascorbic acid contents (AAC) were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method and 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol visual titration method, respectively. Chemical analyses were performed on triplicate samples. The AOC in the raw form ranged from 56 mg TE/g dry weight (D. bulbifera) to 30 mg TE/g dry weight (M. arundinaceae) while it showed a 0.4% (D. alata ‘Raja ala’) to 45% (D. alata ‘Hingurala’) decrease when boiled. The TPC in the raw form was highest in D. bulbifera (190.5 GAE; mg/100 g) while it was lowest in D. esculenta (6 mg/100 g). Dioscorea alata ‘Jaffna Rasawalli’ showed the highest loss (95%) of phenolics when subjected to boiling. The Xanthosoma sagittifolium varieties ‘Kiri ala’ and ‘Isuru’ had the highest AAC (12 mg/100 mg) in raw form while it was lowest (2 mg/100 mg) in M. arundinaceae. D. bulbifera and X. sagittifolium ‘Kaha kiri ala’ retained relatively higher levels of antioxidants in their boiled forms. The contents of bioactive compounds in yams tended to decrease when subject to boiling. However, the degree of loss depended on the yam variety. Further research should focus on developing processing technologies to minimize the loss of bioactive compounds in root and tuber crops.

Inflorescence morphology and development of suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson

Abstract. Hanfayani T, Yuzammi, Hadiah JT. 2020. Inflorescence morphology and development of suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson. Biodiversitas 21: 5835-5844. Inflorescence of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson consists of two main parts: spathe and spadix. Detailed information on its development, however, is not yet available. This study aimed to investigate the development and morphology of suweg’s inflorescence, to reveal the anthesis of male and female flowers, and to observe its insect visitors. The study observed 46 inflorescences, ten of which were measured for detailed developments. Inflorescences were observed from bud emergence to withering during one flowering cycle. The results showed that the flowering process included six phases which altogether required 22 to 36 days, namely the developments of inflorescence bud, cataphyll, spathe and spadix, appendix, fully bloomed inflorescence, and flowers anthesis. The inflorescence height including peduncle was 48–75 cm, spathe 19–50 cm long, spathe circle 65–176 cm, appendix 13–33 cm long, and appendix circle 45–80 cm. Three appendix forms were observed: ovate (43.48%), triangular conic (41.30%), and rounded (15.22%). Female flower anthesis occurred one day prior to male flower anthesis. Insect visitors found during anthesis were Lucilia sericata (Calliphoridae), Sarcophaga sp. (Sarcophagidae), and Trigona speciosa (Apidae).

Site specific nutrient management in elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson)

Efforts were made to study the soil test based site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) practices in Elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson). Among the different treatments, application of nutrients based on soil test (T2) recorded significantly higher plant height (81.33 cm), pseudostem girth (15.68 cm), number of leaves (4.81 nos.) and yield (48.94 t/ha) over control and was on par with the treatment T1 (Recommended dose of NPK as per CTCRI package) with the plant height (79.74 cm), pseudostem girth (14.99 cm), leaf production (4.44 nos.) and yield (48.56 t/ha). Based on these findings, fertilizer use needs to be tailored as per the site specific soil test data instead of recommended doses of fertilizers (RDF) which has highest Benefit Cost Ratio of 2.58.

Green Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles by Using Amorphophallus paeoniifolius Tuber Extract and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activity.

In this report, we discussed rapid, facile one-pot green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles (AuNPs and AgNPs) by using tuber extract of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius, and evaluated their antibacterial activity. AuNPs and AgNPs were synthesized by mixing their respective precursors (AgNO3 and HAuCl4) with tuber extract of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius as the bio-reducing agent. Characterization of AuNPs and AgNPs were confirmed by applying UV-vis spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). From UV-vis characterization, surface plasmon resonance spectra were found at 530 nm for AuNPs and 446 nm for AgNPs. XRD data confirmed that both synthesized nanoparticles were face-centered cubic in crystalline nature, and the average crystallite sizes for the assign peaks were 13.3 nm for AuNPs and 22.48 nm for AgNPs. FTIR data evaluated the characteristic peaks of different phytochemical components of tuber extract, which acted as the reducing agent, and possibly as stabilizing agents. The antibacterial activity of synthesized AuNPs and AgNPs were examined in Muller Hinton agar, against two Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria through the disc diffusion method. AuNPs did not show any inhibitory effect, while AgNPs showed good inhibitory effect against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Edible Tuber Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Extract Induces Apoptosis and Suppresses Migration of Breast Cancer Cells

Medicinal plants offer enormous possibilities in the quest of novel bioactive formulation for cancer therapy. Here, we studied the anticancer efficacy of the extract of edible tuber Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) (APTE) against estrogen positive MCF-7 and triple negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. APTE showed significant cytotoxic activity in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. The effect of APTE on metastatic parameters e.g., migration, adhesion, and invasion in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were studied using wound healing, collagen adhesion, and transwell matrigel invasion assays, respectively. APTE significantly reduced migration in both the cell lines, however, its effect on the inhibition of adhesion and invasion was higher in MDA-MB-231 cells. Annexin V-Cy3 staining suggested that APTE induced apoptosis in these cells which was further validated by attenuation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and induction of pro-apoptotic Bax, Caspase-7 expression and cleavage of PARP. High resolution-liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy analysis with bioactive ethyl acetate and butanol fractions of APTE detected several compounds with anticancer activities. Overall, the study described the mechanism of anticancer activity of a common edible tuber A. paeoniifolius and contributes to growing list of naturally occurring chemo-preventive strategies.

Screening of Selected Ethno-Medicinal Plants for Anti-Cancer Activity

Cancer is an epidemic worldwide. As per the report of the National Centre for Health Statistics in 2019, approximately 606,880 patients were died due to cancer and 1,762,450 new cases were detected. To overcome this scenario, worldwide research is going on to combat this disease. Among these, treatment of cancer through plant phytochemical has attended much prominence in the last few decades. Phytochemicals are produced by plants for their defense mechanism. However, these can also be used to treat many deadly diseases, among them cancer is most common. In the present study, we selected three Ethno-medicinal plants namely Careya arborea (leaf), Ficus religiosa (leaf) and Amorphophallus campanulatus (tuber) to evaluate their efficacy against A549 human lung cancer cells. MTT assay is widely used to assess cell viability. Human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines were purchased from NCCS, Pune and maintained in the laboratory under all standard conditions. Cells were grown, using ready to use media containing 4.5 grams of glucose, L-glutamine and sodium pyruvate. Growth factors were made available to the cells through the fetal bovine serum. We treated the cells with different concentrations of methanol and distilled water extracts of the selected plants and investigate the cell viability using a statistical test. We found varied significant differences between control cells and the cells treated with plant extracts.

Regenerasi Tunas Suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson) pada Berbagai Konsentrasi BAP dan NAA dengan Kondisi Penyimpanan Terang dan Gelap

Amorphopallus paeoniifolius atau suweg merupakan salah satu jenis dari suku Araceae yang umbinya berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai alternatif pangan karena memiliki kandungan gizi yang baik dan indeks glikemik yang rendah. Namun, perbanyakan suweg terkendala dalam ketersediaan bibitnya sehingga dibutuhkan alternatif perbanyakan, salah satunya dengan teknik kultur jaringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kombinasi media, jenis eksplan dan kondisi kultur yang optimal untuk perbanyakan suweg secara in vitro. Penelitian dilakukan dengan dua percobaan. Percobaan pertama yaitu regenerasi tunas dari eksplan tangkai daun yang ditanam pada media Murashige dan Skoog (MS) yang ditambahkan dengan BAP (0, 1, 2, dan 4 mg/l) dan NAA (0 dan 0,5 mg/l). Percobaan kedua yaitu regenerasi tunas dari eksplan tangkai daun dan kalus pada kondisi gelap dan terang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media MS dengan penambahan 2 mg/l BAP dan 0,5 mg/l NAA merupakan media yang paling baik bagi eksplan tangkai daun dalam pembentukan kalus, tunas dan akar yang ditandai dengan jumlah masing-masing adalah 75%, 50% dan 56,67%. Selanjutnya, eksplan berupa kalus lebih mudah memberikan respon membentuk tunas dan akar dibandingkan dengan tangkai daun, baik pada kondisi ruang penyimpanan gelap maupun terang.

Impact of front-line demonstration on yield and economics of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) in Mungeli District of Chhattisgarh

The study on front line demonstration was conducted in Mungeli district of Chhattisgarh during 2017-2018 and 2018-2019. The demonstration was conducted at 10 farmer’s field according to recommended package of practices of ICAR-Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Goa. The demonstration was carried out with the objective to provide improved variety of Elephant foot yam and production technology to farmers with the aim to increase their income. The outcome of the study revealed that the average maximum demonstration practice yield was recorded 346 q /ha, whereas in farmers practice the yield was 236 q/ha. The percent increase in yield over farmer’s practices was recorded 49.47. The average technology and extension gap were computed 220.50 q/ha and 118 q/ha respectively. The demonstration gave higher average net return Rs. 923250/- And B: C ratio is 2.84. The result showed that yield can be increased by adopting improved variety and recommended package of practices.

Genetic characterization of seedling progenies of elephant foot yam Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) for quantitative traits through principal component analysis

A total of twenty six seedling progenies of elephant foot yam were evaluated for 24 quantitative characters at Horticultural Research Station, Kovvur to determine the pattern of variation, relationship among the individuals and their characteristics. The principal component analysis reduced the data set into seven principal components which explained 84.61% percent towards variability. The first principal component analysis accounted a maximum of 27.3% of the total variation and contributed by discriminating traits of pseudo-stem height, plant height, breadth of largest leaflet, height of corm and thickness of pseudo-stem base. In general, this study reveals the presence of diversity among 26 seedling progenies of elephant foot yam which can give opportunity for genetic improvement for desirable characters.

Ethnobotany of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius: Morphology, folk classification, and habitat in area around Ciremai Mountain, Cimanuk Watershed Region, West Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Mutaqin AZ, Kurniadie D, Iskandar J, Nurzaman M, Partasasmita R. 2020. Ethnobotany of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius: Morphology, folk classification, and habitat in area around Ciremai Mountain, Cimanuk Watershed Region, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3898-3909. Plants that grow in the world have a diversity of names, characters, and growing environments. Likewise, plants that grow around Ciremai Mountain, including the Cimanuk Watershed, are very diverse in species and habitats. One species of plant in this region is Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson. This plant is closely related to people's lives. This plant is a species of the tuber that has the potential to be used for various purposes. This study aims to determine the knowledge of the people about the ethnobotany of A. paeoniifolius especially the morphology, folk classification, and habitat with case studies in several villages in Cikijing Sub-district, Majalengka District which is ecologically located in the Ciremai Mountain neighborhood and, based on geography, is included in the Cimanuk Watershed. The qualitative method is used in this research. The data were collected through observation and semi-structured interviews or deep interviews with competent communities by focusing on their diversity. Data were analyzed by cross-checking, summarizing, and synthesizing and were narrated descriptively through an emic and ethical approach. The results showed that the people in the Ciremai Mountain neighborhood, namely Cipulus Village, Cilancang Village, Jagasari Village, and Sindangpanji Village, Cikijing Sub-district, Majalengka District knew names, morphology, and folk classification of A. paeoniifolius. This plant is popularly known as suweg in local name. People's knowledge related to morphology (leaves, tubers, roots, and flowers) in these areas is generally not much different. Related to folk classification, people generally say that suweg has variant based on the color of the tubers and sunlight exposure to the place of growth. The intended variant is suweg with reddish-white and yellowish-white of the tuber flesh’s color. Another classification is the suweg variant which grows in the hieum (shading area) and negrak (open area). Concerning hábitat, the people informed that the suweg grows in the garden and homegarden (specifically in the Sindangpanji village, the people said that besides growing in both types of land, the suweg also grows on the edge of rice fields and ponds). Besides, suweg also grows in hot and cold (tiis) conditions; from the beginning of the rainy season to the beginning of the dry season, which is marked by yellowing and falling of leaves; in various soil conditions (such as red, black, brown or sandy soil); and with various species of plants (except with eurih and areuy,in which the growth of the plant is not optimum).