Aluminum Cans Research Articles

Improved freshwater generation via hemispherical solar desalination unit using paraffin wax as phase change material encapsulated in waste aluminium cans

The present work aims to increase the amount of water generated by the hemispherical solar still (HSS) using paraffin wax as phase change material (PCM) encapsulated in waste aluminium-cans in two different shape of square pattern (4 PCM cans) and triangular pattern (3 PCM cans). Furthermore, a comparative analysis for the conventional HSS over the modified HSS with PCM two different arrangements was carried out to optimize the most suitable mass of PCM. Results showed that PCM encapsulated in aluminium cans in square and triangular patterns placed in HSS basin augmented the clean water production by 92.80 % (full day water generation of 5.63 kg/m2) and 67.12 % (full day water generation of 4.88 kg/m2) respectively, as compared to the bare HSS without any PCM (full day water generation of 2.92 kg/m2). The effective utilization of the heat from the aluminium cans filled with paraffin wax augmented the potable water production with increased evaporation of water. The economic analysis revealed that with the use of PCM encapsulated cans in square and triangular pattern, the cost per liter of water produced reduced to 67.65 % and 45.31 % respectively than HSS without any PCM. It was concluded that the low-cost encapsulating material with excellent conductivity and maximum mass of PCM (4 PCM cans in present case) could be beneficial in generating higher amount of freshwater from brackish water.

STATE AND PROSPECTS OF HANDLING METAL-CONTAINING HOUSEHOLD WASTE

The basic data on the volume of the formation of household (municipal) metal-containing waste, in particular, aluminum cans for drinks, cans, waste electrical and electronic equipment, electrical power sources (batteries and galvanic cells), as well as lighting lamps. The main methods of handling the indicated waste are considered and their critical analysis is presented. Particular attention is paid to the recycling and disposal of common waste such as waste electrical and electronic equipment, chemical sources of electrical current, and lighting lamps. Taking into account the rapid growth in the consumption of electrical and electronic products, it is shown that now there is a tendency not so much to improve the methods of disposal of the corresponding waste, but to ensure the production of more durable goods that provide for the possibility of their repair. A gradual transition from the 3R strategy (Reuse, Reduce, Recycle) to the 10R strategy (Refuse, Rethink, Reconsider, Reuse, Repair, Refurbish, Remanufacture, Repurpose, Recycle, Recover) is proposed. At the same time, the development of effective technologies for extracting not only traditional iron, aluminum, copper and their alloys from metal-containing household waste is not removed from the agenda, but also more scarce metals, including rare earth and heavy metals, as well as platinum group metals, which will allow significantly reduce the man-made load on the environment. Bibl. 69, Table 1.

Online Evaluation Method of Water Resources Recycling Effect in Urban Landscaping Using Fuzzy Approach

The common perception of people about recycling involves reusage of aluminum cans, glass bottles, and newspapers, whereas recycling of water resources is a most important aspect nowadays. Water recycling is known to reuse cleaned wastewater for beneficial applications including agricultural and landscape irrigation, industrial activities, and replenishing a groundwater using the latest technologies. The current methods have some flaws in the evaluations of water resources’ recycling systems such as large mean square error, time complexity, and low-evaluation efficiency; therefore, this paper proposes an online evaluation method for the recycling process of water resources in urban landscaping. The health model of water resources recycling in urban landscaping has been analyzed using fuzzy-based approach. Second, the evaluation index system of water resources’ recycling is also analyzed using the ecological water-level analysis results, water resource quality, water resource abundance, and water resource utilization rate. Then, the extension of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is utilized to calculate the weight of water recycling evaluation index. Then a fuzzy-based comprehensive evaluation method is used to find the online evaluation model of the water recycling. Eventually, the evaluation of the effect of water recycling in urban landscaping is performed and analysis is made for decision-making. The results prove that the proposed AHP and fuzzy method has a low mean square error and high accuracy.

Pengenalan Aplikasi Pengecoran Logam Berbahan Dasar Sampah Kemasan Kaleng Untuk Pembuatan Produk Wajan Bagi Masyarakat Kota Kendari

One of the classic problems that are difficult to overcome in urban life is environmental problems where waste is not handled properly, especially inorganic waste. Currently, the largest contributor to waste after organic waste is inorganic waste in the form of canned waste. The use of aluminum as a packaging material is due to its being lightweight, easy to shape, and does not endanger human health. On that basis, its use as packaging is widespread which also triggers the forerunner of the waste problem in people's lives. Aluminum waste will be a source of income for the community if it is handled properly by involving waste processing technology in the form of recycling technology through metal smelting or casting. This service program aims to introduce metal casting applications made from canned waste into frying pan products for the community in Lepo-Lepo, Kendari City. The activity stages include: socializing the introduction of aluminum-based cans of packaging waste and the practice of smelting aluminum cans in a crucible furnace and pouring molten metal into molds. The implementation of this service activity can raise awareness of participants to be able to process waste, especially aluminum can packaging into frying pan products, and create new jobs to improve the welfare of the local community.

Application of waste aluminum cans based nano alumina as reinforcing filler in natural rubber composites

Application of waste aluminum cans based nano alumina as reinforcing filler in natural rubber composites

Changes in the Physicochemical Properties of Pale Lager Beer during Storage in Different Packaging Materials

The aim of this research was to quantitatively evaluate the changes in the physicochemical properties of pale lager beer during a six-month storage period. The measured parameters were: original and apparent extract, specific gravity, alcohol by volume, pH value, color, bitterness, polyphenols, turbidity (haze), dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, and foam stability. The beer was filled and stored into four different packaging types: brown glass bottles, polyethylene terephthalate bottles (PET), aluminum cans, and stainless-steel beer kegs, all at a temperature of 20 ± 1.0 °C. There were changes in haze (turbidity), color, and dissolved oxygen values in all of the beer samples stored in the different types of packaging (expressed with the coefficient of variance) with the most significant changes in general found in the beer stored in the PET bottles. The most similar changes were found when correlating changes in beer samples stored in the glass packaging with changes in beer samples stored in kegs (a correlation factor of r = 0.971), while the beer samples stored in glass packaging when compared with the changes in beer samples in PET bottles showed the most change (r = 0.870).

No More Glass Bottles? Canned Wine and Italian Consumers.

Packaging is an important economic component of the wine industry. However, while glass bottles are the leading wine container globally, their production and handling entail severe problems in increased carbon footprint impact and waste and logistic management. As a result, the wine packaging industry has developed and commercialised several alternatives to glass bottles, including aluminium cans. However, despite producers’ efforts in proposing alternative wine packaging, there are several barriers to their diffusion, especially in countries with a long tradition of wine consumption such as Italy, and it is still uncertain if and to what degree consumers would appreciate a wine in an aluminium can. This research investigates Italian wine consumers’ preferences and willingness to pay for canned wine through a survey and the contingent valuation method. We collected data from 551 consumers regarding attitudes and preferences about their wine consumption, alternative packaging acceptance, and motivations for accepting and refusing to buy it. Only a minority of the respondents declared they would buy canned wine, while the majority would refuse for reasons related to low-quality perception and poor consideration of alternative wine packaging. The lack of knowledge is one of the main obstacles to the diffusion of canned wine. However, canned wines could address different groups of wine drinkers and consumption occasions, increasing the opportunities for winemakers, especially among non-regular consumers.

RECYCLING OF ALUMINUM-BASED COMPOSITES REINFORCED WITH FLY ASH AND ALUMINA VIA A STIR-SQUEEZE CASTING PROCESS

The stir-squeeze casting technique generally alters a material’s physical and mechanical properties. This research investigates the effect of adding fly ash and alumina to the stir-squeeze casting of old aluminum cans. The stir-squeeze casting research parameters were carried out at a pouring temperature of 750oC with a stirring speed of 350 rpm for 3 minutes, with pressure variations ranging from 6 MPa, 8 MPa, and 10 MPa to fabricate Aluminum Matrix Composites (AMC) with an alumina weight fraction of 15% and fly ash of 12%. Aluminum Matrix Composites are metal matrix composites that use alumina and fly ash as reinforcing components. AMC development has also shown promise, owing to good mechanical qualities such as high hardness, impact strength, and relatively easy-to-find basic materials. On composites, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) testing or chemical composition testing, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), impact strength Brinell hardness, and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was performed; the test results obtained the highest value of the highest hardness at the bottom, and on composites were obtained at a pressure of 6 MPa at 1.577 gr/cm3 and 0.577 percent, the highest impact value at

Homogenization Process for Aluminum As-Cast from Waste of Beverage Cans

Development an ingot originated from the waste of aluminum product had many the advantages and could reduce the cost of aluminum metal production compared to primary process from ore. In this research used the waste of beverage aluminum cans One of the manufacturing methods conducted recycling aluminum waste is the casting process, Commonly, the problem with this casting process was that they are not homogeneous in the as-cast due to segregation. So that in this study a homogenization process on recycling aluminum castings would be carried out to obtain more homogeneous mechanical properties and microstructure. The variables that influence during the homogenization process was heating temperature and holding time. The heating temperature for this was in range from 450 C to 550 C, and the holding time was 2 to 4 hours. Further the effect of the parameter would observe. The observation included mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and hardness, and Microstructure of the ingot. The operation temperature and holding time influenced to grain size and hardness of Aluminum. In general, increasing homogenization temperature would reduce mechanical properties.

Trash to Treasure: How Insect Protein and Waste Containers Can Improve the Environmental Footprint of Mosquito Egg Releases.

Release and subsequent establishment of Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti in native mosquito populations has successfully reduced mosquito-borne disease incidence. While this is promising, further development is required to ensure that this method is scalable and sustainable. Egg release is a beneficial technique that requires reduced onsite resources and increases community acceptance; however, its incidental ecological impacts must be considered to ensure sustainability. In this study, we tested a more environmentally friendly mosquito rearing and release approach through the encapsulation of diet and egg mixtures and the subsequent utilization of waste containers to hatch and release mosquitoes. An ecologically friendly diet mix was specifically developed and tested for use in capsules, and we demonstrated that using either cricket or black soldier fly meal as a substitute for beef liver powder had no adverse effects on fitness or Wolbachia density. We further encapsulated both the egg and diet mixes and demonstrated no loss in viability. To address the potential of increased waste generation through disposable mosquito release containers, we tested reusing commonly found waste containers (aluminum and tin cans, PET, and glass bottles) as an alternative, conducting a case study in Kiribati to assess the concept’s cultural, political, and economic applicability. Our results showed that mosquito emergence and fitness was maintained with a variety of containers, including when tested in the field, compared to control containers, and that there are opportunities to implement this method in the Pacific Islands in a way that is culturally considerate and cost-effective.

Experimental and Numerical Assessment on Failure Pressure of Textured Pipelines

Abstract A series of physical tests and finite element (FE) analyses are conducted to evaluate the failure of smooth (conventional) and textured (proposed concept) pipes. To do so, hydrostatic pressure tests are performed on aluminum beverage cans (ductile failure) and additively manufactured Ti6Al4V-0406 titanium pipes (brittle failure). Mechanical material properties are obtained from tensile tests of coupon samples. In the absence of physical burst pressure tests, FE models are validated against experimental results of external pressure tests and are used to predict the buckle initiation (Pi) and burst pressure (Pb) capacity of the textured pipes with different number of circumferential triangles, N, and base angles, α. Results show that buckle initiation pressures of the textured concept is 2.34 and 1.80 times greater than those of the smooth aluminum cans and titanium pipes, respectively. However, the burst pressure of the textured pipe can only get 3% greater than the smooth pipe. Based on the current results, a textured pipe with N = 6 and α = 30 deg is the optimum textured design.

Fabrication of ultra‐thin alumina membranes utilizing waste aluminum cans

AbstractWe report on utilizing waste aluminum cans for anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes fabrication. Aluminum (Al) presents in the cans is about 97 % tested via inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry. Synthesis process of the AAO membranes includes heat‐treatment and surface polishing of the waste Al sheets, first anodization, aluminum oxide layer removing, second anodization, aluminum substrate separating and pore‐widening. Thickness and morphology of the prepared AAO membranes are observed through a field emission scanning electron microscopy. By controlling the second anodization time, the AAO membranes possess ultra‐thin thickness in the range of ~60‐650 nm. The average pore densities ~1.2 × 1010 and ~ 3.0 × 1010 hole/cm2 of the AAO membranes are obtained at constant anodization voltage of 40 and 25 V, respectively. Hole diameter of the AAO membranes can be varied from 30 to 95 nm via managing the pore‐widening time. The ultra‐thin AAO membranes with order nano‐hole arrays can be used as hard‐templates which are promising for unique nanostructures synthesis at low cost and environment friendly.

Living in a bottle: Bacteria from sediment-associated Mediterranean waste and potential growth on polyethylene terephthalate.

Ocean pollution is a worldwide environmental challenge that could be partially tackled through microbial applications. To shed light on the diversity and applications of the bacterial communities that inhabit the sediments trapped in artificial containers, we analyzed residues (polyethylene terephthalate [PET] bottles and aluminum cans) collected from the Mediterranean Sea by scanning electron microscopy and next generation sequencing. Moreover, we set a collection of culturable bacteria from the plastisphere that were screened for their ability to use PET as a carbon source. Our results reveal that Proteobacteria are the predominant phylum in all the samples and that Rhodobacteraceae, Woeseia, Actinomarinales, or Vibrio are also abundant in these residues. Moreover, we identified marine isolates with enhanced growth in the presence of PET: Aquimarina intermedia, Citricoccus spp., and Micrococcus spp. Our results suggest that the marine environment is a source of biotechnologically promising bacterial isolates that may use PET or PET additives as carbon sources.

Packaging choice and coordinated distribution logistics to reduce the environmental footprint of small-scale beer value chains

This study assesses the extent to which packaging and distribution impacts can be mitigated as environmental hotspots in the life cycle of micro-brewed beer. We conduct life cycle assessment (LCA) of seven breweries and compare their existing packaging and distribution practises with three mitigation options; use of aluminium cans or reusable glass bottles instead of single use glass bottles or use of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) kegs instead of steel kegs. Findings show that all participating breweries can achieve reductions across multiple impact categories if single use glass bottles are changed to aluminium cans or reusable glass, and further reductions are possible if mode of transport is changed from small delivery vans to lorries for distribution to retailers. The use of PET keg as an alternative to reusable steel keg is a less environmentally sustainable option when beer is delivered short distances, but some savings are possible in long distance scenarios using vans. Carbon footprints per litre beer range from 727 to 1336 g CO2 eq. across the case study breweries, with reductions of 6–27% or 3–27% by changing to aluminium can or reusable glass bottle, respectively, when beer is delivered by van. The optimal combination of reusable glass bottle delivered by lorry reduces carbon footprints by between 45 and 55% but will require significant investment and coordination across the wider food and drink sector to implement. Identifying the best packaging material requires a holistic approach that considers interactions and burdens across packaging manufacturing, distribution, use and end-of-life stages.

Baverage Container Deposit Return System in Slovakia: Insights after One Year of Its Introduction

Every year, consumers buy more and more beverages packaged in disposable PET bottles and aluminium cans. Most of this packaging is used only once and also very often pollutes the environment due to inappropriate consumer behaviour. Deposit return systems for bottles and aluminium cans play an important role in preventing such situations, offering consumers a financial incentive, a deposit that motivates them to return used packaging. The purpose of the article was to describe consumer and company insights related to the new deposit return system for PET bottles and aluminium beverage cans in Slovakia, based on the authors’ own research and secondary research. Furthermore, the authors also wanted to show the solutions of some companies that try to facilitate to consumers the process of returning disposable packaging.

Experimental Testing of Mixed-Mode Double Pass Solar Air Heater Integrated with Aluminium Cans for Red Pepper Drying

Experimental Testing of Mixed-Mode Double Pass Solar Air Heater Integrated with Aluminium Cans for Red Pepper Drying

PASSIVE THERMAL MANAGEMENT OF PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL BY USING PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL-FILLED ALUMINUM CANS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

In the recent years, researches are focused on improving the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) panels by cooling panel surface utilizing different methods. In this work, paraffin wax-filled aluminum beverage cans have been utilized to improve the performance of photovoltaic panels. The main aims of this study are reutilizing waste materials in solar systems and increasing the performance of a PV panel by employing an unconventional approach. Modified and unmodified PV panels have been experimentally investigated simultaneously to observe and compare their performances. Experimentally attained outcomes showed that electrical efficiency was upgraded from 10.69% to 12.60%. Moreover, normalized power output efficiency was found as 61.72% and 71.56%, respectively, for unmodified and modified PV systems. In addition to the electrical performance investigation, an exergy analysis has been performed and mean exergy efficiency values for conventional and modified PV panels were found as 2.26% and 5.73%, respectively. General outcomes of this study showed successful utilization of paraffin wax-filled aluminum cans as a thermal management and efficiency improvement technique in photovoltaic systems.

Performance analysis of a solar heat collector through experimental and CFD investigation

In order to attain maximum efficiency in a solar drying system, continuous effort is made to the key component of solar dryer – solar heat collector (SHC). This research aimed to evaluate the thermal performance of SHC with different flow configuration in the air passage, namely single-pass (S-SHC) and multiple-pass (M-SHC), under natural convection (average air velocity = 0.2 m/s). In order to study the flow and heat transfer characteristics across the SHC, performance analysis was carried out by Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation and later validated by experimental results. From the simulation model, the collector outlet temperature and efficiency of M-SHC at maximum solar radiation were 67.4 °C and 10.04%, respectively with percentage error of 8.6% and 17.79% to the experimental results. The presence of recirculation region indicated extended drying air residence time in the M-SHC, resulting in high temperature growth from 8.8% to 12.1% across the air passage compared to S-SHC. In addition, heat transfer enhancement in M-SHC was achieved by compensating radiation heat loss observed in S-SHC through the modification of airflow configuration. Both experimental and theoretical analysis in this study showed that the proposed enhancement significantly improved the performance of SHC having air passage made from recycled aluminium cans.

Comparison between the perceived and actual environmental sustainability of beverage packagings in glass, plastic, and aluminium

This study analysed the perceived environmental sustainability of alternative packaging systems for beverages (glass bottle, plastic bottle, and aluminium cans) from a sample of young Italian consumers with a sociological survey. In parallel, a life cycle assessment was conducted to compare the perceived and actual environmental sustainability as well as to identify any discrepancies, with comparison indicators for different environmental issues. The sample of Italian students perceived glass bottles as the most environmentally sustainable compared to aluminium cans and plastic bottles (the worst perceived option). Similar results were recorded for a sample of environmentalists from the same region with an even greater perception of environmental sustainability for single use glass bottles. Therefore, there was an overwhelming confirmation of how glass is perceived as very sustainable from an environmental point of view and of how plastic is perceived as having little or no environmental sustainability. However, the life cycle assessment study showed that the positive perception in favour of single-use glass is completely unfounded since glass packaging was clearly the worst option both in terms of midpoint impact categories as well as macro-categories of damage. The definition of indicators useful for the comparison between the perceived and actual sustainability were able to confirm that the environmental sustainability of glass bottles was widely overestimated by the respondents for both midpoint and endpoint environmental issues. There is a misperception of environmental sustainability by consumers that could be due to a lack or incorrect communication between the scientific community and citizens. Effective communication initiatives are therefore needed to enable consumers to move beyond prejudices that are excessively pro-glass and excessively anti-plastic.

Thermal analysis of solar air collectors designed in different types with different flow rates using aluminum cans

ABSTRACT In this study, an air solar collector (SAC) was compared in three different ways (flat plate, serial connection, and parallel connection) using aluminum Coke cans according to the conditions of the region. Experiments were conducted at an air speed of 3 m/s to 6.5 m/s. Data were compared with each other according to two different air flow rates with three different flow forms. As a result of the experiments, the highest temperature difference in the measurements made at 3 m/s air speed was 68°C in the Parallel Collector and 56°C of the serial collector at 6.5 m/s air speed was observed. According to the results, when the system was operated at 3 m/s, it was seen that parallel collector provided good results, and when it was operated at 6,5 m/s, it was seen that serial collector yielded good results. At the end of this study, it is possible to conclude that choosing the proper air flow type can be applicable in terms of energy efficiency in order to increase the efficiency of the collector. Abbreviations: Td: Outside temperature (oC); Tg: Collector inlet temperature (oC); Tç: Collector outlet temperature (oC); IT: The amount of radiation incident on the collector surface (W/m2); η: Collector efficiency (%); V: Air speed (m/s); ṁ: Mass flow rate of air passing through the collector (kg/s); W: The total power consumed for the heating system (W); Wfan: Fan power (W); Ød: Outdoor relative humidity (%); Øi: Indoor relative humidity (%); Qu: Usable energy from the collector (W); Cp: Specific heat of air at constant pressure (kJ/kgoC); ρ: Density of air (kg/m3); Ak: Collector area (m2); Aç: Collector outlet cross section of air (m2); MW/m2: Per square meter MegaWatt; W/m2: Per square meter Watt; W/mK: Watt/meter Kelvin; SAC: Solar Air Collector; CFD: Computational Fluid Dynamics; SAH: Solar Air Heater; d: Outside; g: inlet; ç: outlet; i: Indoor; u: Usable; k: Collector.