Alterations In Water Temperature Research Articles

The Combined Effects of Temperature and pH to the Toxicity of the Water-Soluble Fraction of Gasoline (WSFG) to the Neotropical Yellow-Tail Tetra, Astyanax altiparanae.

Continental aquatic environments have undergone chemical pollution due to increased anthropogenic activities. Among those substances, petroleum hydrocarbons are a potential hazard for the aquatic animals. Additionally, alterations in the abiotic characteristics of the water, such as temperature and pH, can impose additional stress when those substances are present. We evaluate how alterations in water temperature and pH modified the acute (96h) toxicity of the water-soluble fraction of gasoline (WSFG) to Astyanax altiparanae through physiological analysis. We also investigated the physiological responses after the fish recovery from exposure (96h) in clean water. Both isolated and combined exposures to WSFG resulted in significant physiological changes. Alone, WSFG altered energetic metabolism and haematopoietic functions, potentially due to metabolic hypoxia. When combined with changes in water temperature (30°C) and pH (4.0), A. altiparanae activated additional physiological mechanisms to counterbalance osmoregulatory and acid-base imbalances, likely exacerbated by severe metabolic hypoxia. In both isolated and combined exposure scenarios, A. altiparanae maintained cellular hydration, suggesting a robust capacity to uphold homeostasis under environmental stress conditions. Following a recovery in clean water, energetic metabolism returned to control levels. Nevertheless, plasmatic Na+ and Cl- levels and haematological parameters remained affected by WSFG exposure. Our findings underscore the impact of interactions between WSFG contaminants, temperature and pH, leading to additional biological damage in A. altiparanae.

Assessment of Effects of Turbidity Variation on Water Temperature and Evaporation of Gilgel Gibe I Reservoir, Omo-Gibe River Basin, Ethiopia

Turbidity has a significant impact on reservoir water by raising the temperature and evaporation rates. This study provided clear and concise information about the effects of turbidity alteration on reservoir water. The main objective of this study was to assess the effects of turbidity variation on reservoir water temperature and evaporation. To determine these effects, the samples were taken from the reservoir by stratifying it randomly along the reservoir course. To evaluate the relationship between turbidity and water temperature and also to measure the vertical alteration of water temperature, ten pools were burrowed, and they were filled with turbid water. Two class A pans were installed in the field to determine the effect of turbidity on reservoir evaporation. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and MS Excel. The results depicted that turbidity has a direct, solid positive relationship with water temperature at 9:00 and 13:00 and a vigorous negative relationship at 17:00, and water temperature decreased vertically from the top to the bottom layer. There was a greater extinction of sunlight in most turbid water. The differences in water temperature between the top and bottom layers were 9.78°C and 1.53°C for most and least turbid water at 13:00 observation hour, respectively. Turbidity has a direct and strong positive relationship with reservoir evaporation. The relation was analyzed using Spearman’s ranked correlation coefficient, and the vertical alteration of water temperatures was analyzed using a box and whisker plot. The tested results were statistically significant. The study concluded that an increment in reservoir turbidity immensely heightens both reservoir water temperature and evaporation.

The potential of lake-source district heating and cooling for European buildings

Lake-source thermal district networks can efficiently supply heating and cooling to buildings and thus save energy and CO2 emissions. However, it remains unclear to which degree they are a sustainable alternative at a larger geographical scale. An evaluation of the potential of developing technically and economically feasible lake-source district systems in Europe was performed in this study, with an integrated spatial explicit techno-economic assessment that accounts for different boundary conditions, such as electricity price, CO2 price and climate change. The feasibility of covering building energy demand near lakes was found to be particularly sensitive to the relationship between capital costs from network design and operational costs from heat pumps, associated electricity consumption and CO2 emissions. Results suggest a European techno-economic potential of 1.9 TWh/y considering only direct cooling and 11.3 TWh/y if thermal networks supply both direct heating and cooling by heat pumps. Respective electricity savings are 0.36 TWh/y and 0.78 TWh/y. An estimated 17% of the cooling demand near European lakes can thus be covered by viable cooling-only lake-source systems. For combined systems, the viable potential is estimated to be 7% of the total combined heating and cooling demand. Lake-source district systems are found to be particularly promising for Italy, Germany, Turkey and Switzerland. The integration of lake-source thermal networks should rarely lead to severe lake water temperature alteration and therefore not limit the techno-economic potential. The introduced methodology allows for a combined evaluation of technological, ecological and economic boundary conditions for using lakes as a source for district heating and cooling. Thereby, a more realistic estimation of their potential implementation becomes possible, enabling informed energy planning for central or decentral system configurations.

Pre- and post-dam river water temperature alteration prediction using advanced machine learning models.

Dams significantly impact river hydrology by changing the timing, size, and frequency of low and high flows, resulting in a hydrologic regime that differs significantly from the natural flow regime before the impoundment. For precise planning and judicious use of available water resources for agricultural operations and aquatic habitats, it is critical to assess the dam water’s temperature accurately. The building of dams, particularly several dams in rivers, can significantly impact downstream water. In this study, we predict the daily water temperature of the Yangtze River at Cuntan. Thus, this work reveals the potential of machine learning models, namely, M5 Pruned (M5P), Random Forest (RF), Random Subspace (RSS), and Reduced Error Pruning Tree (REPTree). The best and effective input variables combinations were determined based on the correlation coefficient. The outputs of the various machine learning algorithm models were compared with recorded daily water temperature data using goodness-of-fit criteria and graphical analysis to arrive at a final comparison. Based on a number of criteria, numerical comparison between the models revealed that M5P model performed superior (R2 = 0.9920, 0.9708; PCC = 0.9960, 0.9853; MAE = 0.2387, 0.4285; RMSE = 0.3449, 0.4285; RAE = 6.2573, 11.5439; RRSE = 8.0288, 13.8282) in pre-impact and post-impact spam, respectively. These findings suggest that a huge wave of dam construction in the previous century altered the hydrologic regimes of large and minor rivers. This study will be helpful for the ecologists and river experts in planning new reservoirs to maintain the flows and minimize the water temperature concerning spillway operation. Finally, our findings revealed that these algorithms could reliably estimate water temperature using a day lag time input in water level. They are cost-effective techniques for forecasting purposes.

“The home, the bathroom, the taps, and hot water”: The contextual characteristics of tap water scalds in Australia and New Zealand

IntroductionScalds from hot tap water can have devastating consequences and lifelong impact on survivors. The aims of this study were to (i) describe the frequency, demographic profile, injury event characteristics, and in-hospital outcomes for people with tap water scalds admitted to Australian and New Zealand burn centres; and (ii) determine whether variation was present in the frequency and epidemiological characteristics of tap water scalds between jurisdictions. MethodsData were extracted from the Burns Registry of Australia and New Zealand for people with tap water scalds admitted to Australian or New Zealand burn centres between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2018. Demographic, injury severity and event characteristics, surgical intervention, and in-hospital outcomes were investigated. ResultsWe included 650 people with tap water scalds admitted to Australian and New Zealand burn centres during the study period. Australians with tap water scalds (median [IQR] 29 [1–69] years) were older than New Zealanders (2 [1–36] years). Most tap water scalds occurred in the home, and 92% of these occurred in the bathroom. More than 55% of injuries occurred due to the accidental alteration of water temperature at the tap fixture. Two thirds of patients underwent a surgical wound procedure. The overall mortality rate was 3.7%, and the median hospital length of stay was 8.8 days. ConclusionTap water scalds remain a public health problem in Australia and New Zealand. Our research highlights where gaps in current heated water regulations in residential homes perpetuate risks of tap water scalds, particularly in high-risk groups at the extremes of age. Extending current heated water regulations to include all Australia and New Zealand homes is urgently needed in conjunction with design safety improvements, and ongoing education of key stakeholders.

How the three Gorges Dam affects the hydrological cycle in the mid-lower Yangtze River: a perspective based on decadal water temperature changes

Three Gorges Dam (TGD), the world’s largest hydroelectric project in terms of installed capacity, alters the discharge and thermal regime of the Yangtze River in China, thereby threatening the aquatic biodiversity along the mid-lower Yangtze River. Thus, the influence of the TGD impoundment on the river temperature (Tw) and water cycle warrants in-depth examination. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to use decadal (2001–2013) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer temperature data to assess the impacts of TGD impoundment on the inland water cycle. We found that (1) spatially, the multiyear Tw decreased by 5 °C along the mid-lower Yangtze River, (2) temporally, Tw exhibited a warming trend after the operation of the TGD began, with most warming occurring from October to December directly after the TGD impoundment, and (3) the correlations between discharge and Tw in the pre- and post-TGD periods have changed; specifically, the closer to the TGD a location is, the greater the change in the relationship. Our analysis implies that downstream water temperature alteration is mainly attributed to the TGD management regime, and the influence is obvious along the 260 km river downstream of the TGD. It is likely that the impoundment of the TGD has increased the water residence time and slowed the water speed downstream.

Quantifying the impacts of the Three Gorges Reservoir on water temperature in the middle reach of the Yangtze River

The flow, sediment and temperature regimes of the Yangtze River have changed greatly due to the construction of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). Although past work has focused mainly on the influence of the TGR on water and sediment regimes, less attention has been given to temperature effects. Water temperature changes have important implications for the quality of aquatic habitat and the health of the river ecosystem. This study investigates the impact of the TGR on the water temperature regime along the middle reach of the Yangtze River. To accurately quantify the impact of TGR on water temperature, a regression-modeling framework is employed to reconstruct the temporal pattern of flow and temperature variation along the middle reach of the river in the absence of the TGR. Based on this modeling, reconstructed water temperatures are compared to observed water temperature for the post-impounded period (period 2003–2014) to estimate the influence of impoundment on water temperature. Results show that the influence of the TGR on water temperature alteration exceeds the influence of natural factors. The effect of TGR, relative to unimpounded conditions, is to reduce water temperatures in the spring, summer, and autumn, and to increase water temperatures in the winter. The results of this study illustrate the pronounced effect of the TGR on the temperature regime of the Yangtze River and provide information that can help guide operation of Three Gorges Reservoir to enhance biological conservation.

Experimental investigation on effects of water-based ultrasonic vibrations, transverse magnetic field and water temperatures on percussion laser drilling performance

A novel magnetic-ultrasonic assisted laser drilling technology, which integrates and couples water-based ultrasonic vibrations with an external transverse magnetic field for assisting the process of percussion laser drilling, is reported to carry out laser drilling experiments for improving hole drilling performance. The influence of water temperature on drilling performance for water-based magnetic-ultrasonic assisted percussion laser drilling technology is first reported. The influential mechanisms and roles of magnetic assistance and/or water-based ultrasonic assistance on the process and performance of percussion laser drilling were analysed, including both blind hole and through hole drilling. The effects of water-based ultrasonic vibrations and/or magnetic assistance on laser drilling performance were systematically studied via corresponding comparisons. It was demonstrated that the couple magnetic-ultrasonic assistance effectively increased laser drilling performance, by increasing laser energy absorption efficiency inside a drilling hole, enhancing material removal, increasing drilled depth, reducing recast layer formation and hole taper, improving microstructure and micro hardness performance, and relieving residual stress. Besides, it was reported that the uniform mechanical vibrations induced by water-based ultrasonic assistance effectively relieved residual stress (65.8% reduction) for the drilled specimen. The addition of an external transverse magnetic field could further relieve residual stress with a reduction percentage of 89.1%, resulting from the coupled magnetic-ultrasonic assistance. In addition, the water medium with a relatively high temperature was helpful for decreasing residual stress on the drilled sample. The alteration of water temperature (from 33.9 °C to 64.2 °C) not only greatly changed the value but also changed the direction of the residual stress (hole entrance: changing from −163 MPa to +32 MPa; hole exit: changing from −284 MPa to +64 MPa). However, the water temperature showed small effects on microstructure, micro hardness, recast layer thickness, hole cross-section, hole circularity deviation, and hole taper angle.

수온 증가에 따른 말전복, Haliotis gigantea과 둥근전복, Haliotis discus discus (Reeve, 1846) hemolymph의 생리학적 변화

본 연구에서는 수온 증가에 따른 말전복 (Haliotis gigantea) 과 둥근전복 (H. discus discus) 헤모림프의 생리 및 면역학적 변화를 관찰하기 위하여 위 두 전복을 20, 22, 24, 26 및 <TEX>$28^{\circ}C$</TEX> 수온에 각각 4 일간 노출시켰다. 노출 결과, 헤모림프의 totalo-protein (TP), glucose, calcium (Ca) 은 둥근전복 (H. discus discus)이 말전복 (H. gigantea) 보다 높은 값을 보였으나, magnesium (Mg), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 두 전복에서 유사한 값을 보였다. 그리고 면역인자인 PO에서는 둥근전복 (H. discus discus)이 더 높게 나타났다. 수온 증가에 따른 헤모림프의 TP, glucose, Mg, AST, ALT 및 ALP는 유의적인 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 하지만 헤모림프의 Ca 농도는 둥근전복 (H. discus discus)에서 <TEX>$24^{\circ}C$</TEX> 이상, 말전복 (H. gigantea)에서는 <TEX>$26^{\circ}C$</TEX> 이상의 수온에서 유의적 증가를 보였다. 그리고 면역인자인 phenoloxidase (PO) 는 둥근전복 (H. discus discus)은 <TEX>$22^{\circ}C$</TEX> 이상 말전복 (H. gigantea) 에서는 <TEX>$26^{\circ}C$</TEX> 이상의 수온에서 유의적 감소를 나타내었다. 결론적으로 말전복 (H. gigantea)은 <TEX>$24^{\circ}C$</TEX> 이상에서 혈액학적 변화를 보였고, <TEX>$26^{\circ}C$</TEX> 이상에서 면역학적 변화를 보였다. 둥근전복 (H. discus discus)은 <TEX>$26^{\circ}C$</TEX> 이상에서 혈액학적 변화를 보였고, <TEX>$22^{\circ}C$</TEX> 이상에서 면역학적 변화를 나타내었다. This study was conducted to examine the effects of alterations in water temperature (WT) on biochemical and immunological factors in the hemolymph of the abalones, Haliotis gigantea and H. discus discus. The abalone were exposed to various WT; 18, 20, 22, 24, 26 and <TEX>$28^{\circ}C$</TEX> for 96 hours. In biochemical factors, total-protein (TP), glucose, magnesium (Mg), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were not significant changes in hemolymph of H. gigantea and H. discus discus. But calcium was significantly increased by high WT (<TEX>${\geq}24^{\circ}C$</TEX>). In immunological factor, The phenoloxidase (PO) activity was decreased in hemolymph of H. gigantea and H. discus discus exposed to high temperature (<TEX>${\geq}22^{\circ}C$</TEX>) compared to the control (P < 0.05). Whereas alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was not significantly changed. These results suggested that high temperature adversely affects the immunity of H. gigantea and H. discus discus.

A INFLUÊNCIA DA FLORESTA CILIAR SOBRE A TEMPERATURA DAS ÁGUAS DO RIO CAPIVARI, REGIÃO CÁRSTICA CURITIBANA

A influência da floresta ciliar sobre a temperatura das águas do rio Capivari, região cárstica curitibana. As florestas ciliares são essenciais para proteger a qualidade das águas dos rios e, pelo efeito de sombreamento, interceptam e absorvem a radiação solar, contribuindo para a estabilidade térmica, evitando excessivos aquecimentos diurnos e resfriamentos noturnos. Nessa concepção, o presente trabalho objetiva avaliar o equilíbrio térmico das águas do rio Capivari, região do Carste Curitibano, durante um intervalo médio de 12 anos. Foi definido e aplicado o índice “amplitude térmica relativa” para os anos de 1986/87 e os de 1998 a 2000, utilizando-se os dados diários da temperatura do ar e da água. Os resultados revelaram que as águas do rio Capivari se mostraram significativamente mais “tamponadas” termicamente de 1998 a 2000 em relação aos anos de 86/87. Estudos envolvendo mapeamento e quantificação das florestas ciliares na bacia de estudo revelaram um acréscimo das florestas em 1996 em relação a 1980, evidenciando que esta poderia ser a causa do maior equilíbrio térmico encontrado nas águas fluviais.

Specific and nonspecific reactions of mouse immune system under the effect of short-term exposure in warm and/or cold water

Transient changes in environmental temperature produce a short-term, but significant effect on the immune system reactions in laboratory mice. Activities of nonspecific resistance factors (peritoneal macrophages) in mice exposed in warm or cold water were characterized by similar reactions, while the reactions of cellular and humoral immunity were opposite. Exposure to cold water activated cellular immunity, while warm water activated humoral immune system. The most significant changes in the immune system reactions were observed during the first 3 days of thermal exposure. Temperature alteration from cold to warm leads to activation of cellular and suppression of humoral components of the immune system. Alteration of water temperature from warm to cold leads to activation of nonspecific resistance factors, cellular and humoral immunity.

Studies on the effects of the alteration of water temperature in the daytime and the nighttime upon the growth of rice plants at tillering stage

Studies on the effects of the alteration of water temperature in the daytime and the nighttime upon the growth of rice plants at tillering stage

Cytological and cytochemical changes of liver cells of an osseous fish caused by the alteration of water temperature. III. Cytological study.

1. Keeping Oryzies latipes in the environment of high and low temperatures, the cytological observation was conducted respectively.2. At low temperature within a short duration, mito c hondria become shorter and increase in their number, but chondriolysis does not occur. Golgi apparatus becomes granular and rests in contact with nucleus. " Special Granules " decrease to some extent. Fat globules show an obvious decrease.3. At high te m perature within a short duration, vacuoles appear clearly in cytoplasm and mitochondria show a decline: i. e., chondriolysis and granulation occur. Golgi apparatus falls off in its volume and assumes simpler forms. A marked increase of fat globules is seen.4. At low temperature of a long duration no obvious chan g e can be demonstrated. The author acknowledges the criticism of Prof. T. Taniguchi M. D.

Cytological and cytochemical changes of liver cells of an osseous fish caused by the alteration of water temperature. I. On alkaline and acid phosphatase.

1. Three groups of indivi d u als of Oryzias latipes were kept for five hours in the water of the temperature 0°C.,31°-32°C. and 18°-20°C. respectively. The activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase in liver cells of these fish was observed.2. Alkaline phosphatase:In the low-temperature experiment, the activity is intensified in nucleolus and bile capillary, and is reduced in cytoplasm.In the high-temperature experiment, the a c tivity is remarkably intensified in nucleus, in blood vessel wall, in portion of cytoplasm in contact with blbod vessel, and in bile capillary. Cytoplasm of hepatic cells contains vacuoles, in which no positive reaction is obse rvable, but around which strong activity is shown.3. Acid phosphatase:In the low-temperature experiment, the activity of the, nucleus is increased to some extent, while the reaction in cytoplasm and bil e capillary decreases.In the high-temperature experiment the activity in nucleus is slightly intensified, but the activity in cytoplasm is diminished. Within cytoplasm, vacuoles exist, which show no positive reaction.

Cytological and cytochemical changes of liver cells of an osseous fish caused by the alteration of water temperature. II. On polysaccharide and protein.

1. Polysaccharide and pro t ein in liver cells of Oryzias latipes, which were kept in the water of room temperature, of 0°C. and of 31-32°C., were examined.2. Polysaccha r ide decreases to some extent in the low temperature experiment, and diminishes markedly in the high temperature experi ment.3. In the low temperature experiment, a change of protein in nucleus is scarcely realized, whereas the amount of protein in cytoplasm decreases.In the high temperature experiment, the amount of protein increases in nucleus and decreases in cytoplasm.