Alpha-amylase Enzyme Research Articles

Evaluation Of Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Anti-Inflammatory And Anticancer Activities Of Delonix Regia Flower Extracts

Non-communicable diseases like diabetes and cancer are the major cause of death worldwide. Various drugs are used for the treatment of these diseases. However, they cause lots of side effects. There is a need for alternate drugs with fewer side effects. Medicinal plants serve as a good source for alternate form of treatment. Therefore, in this study, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of D. regia flowers were evaluated for their antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity to justify its use as a medicinal plant. Total phenol and flavonoid content of the extracts were measured. GC-MS analysis of the extracts were done to investigate the presence of various bioactive compounds. Antioxidant activity was assessed by radical scavenging and reduction assays. Antidiabetic activity was assessed by the ability of extracts to inhibit enzyme alpha amylase. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by membrane stabilization activity. Anticancer activity against MCF-7 and A549 cell lines were measured by the MTT assay.The ethanolic extract contained more phenols (282.940.80 mgGAE/g) and flavonoids (140.912.27 mgQE/g). GC-MS analysis showed the presence of compounds belonging to fatty acids, alkanes, phenols and organic alcohols. The aqueous extract showed strong superoxide radical scavenging activity with a low IC50 of 39.35±0.74 µg/mL. The ethanolic extract showed higher ferric reducing power with an IC50 of 59.65±0.28µg/mL. Ethanolic extract was more potent in inhibiting alpha amylase with a low IC50 value of 47.14±0.6 µg/mL. Ethanolic extract also showed maximum inhibition of 88.86±0.1% against heat induced lysis of cell membrane. Both extracts affected the proliferation of MCF-7 and A549 cell lines at 160 µg/mL. The results of the present study support the use of D. regia flower as a potential source of bioactive phytochemicals and can be used as a plant-based antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer agent.

Revealing Anti-diabetic potential of Siddha formulation Gandhaka Sarkkarai using alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzyme inhibition assay

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder which involves multiple pathology manifested with increased blood glucose, neural degeneration, chronic inflammation, organ dysfunction etc. Hyperactive metabolic enzymes like alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase that are involved in digestion of starch and sucrose further upswings the postprandial hyperglycaemia by rushing excess glucose moieties into the bloodstream. Drugs that effectively inhibit the action of these digestive enzymes may be expected to better regulate the post prandial blood glucose in the diabetic patients. Conventional anti-diabetic agents offer potential side effects upon long-term usage which includes vomiting, diarrhoea, pigmentation, GI disturbance, dark urination etc.The Siddha system of medicine has excelled in the art of treating human ailments for several centuries. Aim: Present investigation designed to investigate the anti-diabetic potential of siddha formulation Gandhaka sarkkarai (GS) using in-vitro alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzyme inhibition assay model. Results: It was evidenced from the outcome of the in-vitro data’s that the siddha formulation GS shown significant inhibition against alpha glucosidase enzyme with the maximum inhibition of about 50.44 % and the corresponding IC50 is 471.1 μg/ml, similar pattern of activity were observed against alpha amylase enzyme with the inhibition of 60.84 % (IC50 400.9 μg/ml). Conclusion: Our data concludes that siddha formulation GS possess significant anti-diabetic activity via inhibiting two major carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, further studies needs to extrapolated at pre-clinical level in order to ascertain the efficacy of the formulation.
 Key words: Diabetes mellitus, Alpha amylase, Alpha glucosidase, Siddha, Gandhaka sarkkarai, Enzyme inhibition assay, In-vitro, Anti-diabetic activity.

In Vitro Combined Effect of Annona Senegalensis and Piliostigma Thonningii Leaf Extracts on Alpha Amylase Activity

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM), a group of metabolic disorders characterised by hyperglycaemia, has been attributed to increased activity of α-amylase, one of the key enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism. Alpha amylase inhibition can potentially control postprandial hyperglycaemia, hence significant in the management of diabetes mellitus, especially type 2. Acarbose, the proven α-amylase inhibitor, has been associated with several side effects. Plants used in traditional medicine represent a valuable source in the search for an alternative. The study aimed at determining the combined effect of Piliostigma thonningii and Annona senegalensis leaf extracts on alpha amylase activity. Methodology: Mortar and pestle were used to crush the leaves into powder. The fine powder was dispensed in distilled water. Percolation was used to filter the crude extract, evaporated in a water bath at 65 0C to concentrate the extract then reconstituted. Spectrophotometric assay method was used for alpha amylase activity at 540 nm. Results: The results of the study showed that A. senegalensis inhibited α-amylase by 27%, 32% and 34% at 15, 30 and 45 minutes respectively. P. thonningii exhibited inhibitory effects on α-amylase by 25%, 27% and 37% at 15, 30 and 45 minutes respectively. The combined inhibitory effects of A. senegalensis and P. thonningii on α-amylase were 28%, 37% and 62% at 15, 30 and 45 minutes respectively which are significantly different (p <0.05) from that of the positive control, acarbose (71% at 45 minutes) Conclusion: This study revealed the increased strength to inhibit alpha amylase enzyme by a combination of A. senegalensis and P. thonningii and a proportional increase in the inhibitory effect with increase in incubation time than their individual potential to inhibit alpha amylase.

In vitro antidiabetic activity of Peperomia pellucida extract and fraction by alpha-amylase inhibition pathway

The development of type 2 diabetes is influenced by the important role of post-prandial blood glucose management. One strategy in controlling post-prandial hyperglycemia can be done by inhibiting the digestion of dietary carbohydrates through inhibition of alpha amylase enzyme. Natural alpha amylase enzyme inhibition strategy that utilizes natural ingredients is an important alternative in the development of antidiabetic drugs. One of the plants that has the potential to be developed as an antidiabetic is Peperomia pellucida . This study aims to examine the effects of antidiabetic extracts and fractions of Peperomia pellucida in inhibiting alpha amylase enzyme. The research was conducted by determining the total flavonoid using quercetin standard. Antidiabetic studies were carried out by looking at the activity of extracts and fractions of Peperomia pellucida in inhibiting alpha amylase enzyme using visible spectrophotometry method. Data analysis was performed by entering the absorbance value into the standard quercetin curve, while the IC50 value of in vitro antidiabetic activity was determined by entering the value 50 on the curve between the sample concentration and % inhibition of the alpha amylase enzyme. The results showed that the total flavonoid values of the ethanol extract and the ethyl acetate fraction of the herb were 88.24 mg QE/g extract and 80.45 mg QE/g fraction, respectively. Based on the results, the inhibition of alpha amylase enzyme showed that the ethanol extract and the ethyl acetate fraction of the herbs had inhibitory activity with the IC50 value of the ethanol extract 1065.54 g/mL and the ethyl acetate fraction 906.53 g/mL. While the control of acarbose showed an IC50 value of 379.45 g/mL. The ethanol extract and the ethyl acetate fraction of Peperomia pellucida herbs have the potential to be developed as antidiabetic agents with the mechanism of action of inhibiting the activity of the alpha amylase enzyme.

Characterization and screening of antidiabetic property of Siddha drug Puttransoru by using in vitro alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibition assay

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major noncommunicable disease worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, it is a chronic, metabolic disease characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose, which leads over time to serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Many researchers were presently aiming to establish novel drugs from natural resources. Objective: The present study aimed to analyze the physico chemical properties and nutritional value and to screen the glucose uptake activity (antidiabetic) of Puttransoru (PS) using in vitro prohibition assay. Materials and Methods: The in vitro antidiabetic assay was carried out by inhibition of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase method. Results: The results of in vitro antidiabetic assay revealed that PS showed significant inhibition against alpha-glucosidase enzyme with a maximum inhibition of about 41.3% and the corresponding IC50 is 1009 μg/mL, a similar pattern of activity were observed against alpha-amylase enzyme with the inhibition of 55.91%, and the corresponding IC50 is 539.7 μg/mL. Conclusion: It was concluded from the results that the test drug PS reveals potential antidiabetic activity by effective inhibition of both alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes. However, the principle nutrient and components that are responsible for the inhibitory action need to be further identified and characterized.

In vitro Alpha amylase and Alpha glucosidase enzyme inhibition of leaf extracts of Jatropha glandulifera Roxb.

Objective: To investigate the in vitro antidiabetic effect on the leaf extracts of Jatropha glandulifera Roxb. Methods: The Preliminary phytochemical screening was investigated on extracts using standard procedure. The in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assay was carried out at different concentration such as 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320µg/ml of extracts. The acarbose and voglibose were used as standards respectively. The absorbance was recorded by spectrophotometer. The percentage inhibition and IC50 value were calculated for both the assays. Results: The ethyl acetate extract of Jatropha glandulifera Roxb has shown good inhibition against α-amylase and α-glucosidase with an IC50 value of 21.6137 and 25.8257µg/ml respectively. The phytochemical investigation revealed that the ethyl acetate extract have various phytochemical constituents compared to other extracts like alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, Flavonoids and glycosides. These phytoconstitients may be responsible for observed anti diabetic activity. Conclusion: This study concludes that the ethyl acetate extract of Jatropha glandulifera Roxb exhibits better inhibitory activity against both α-amylase and α-glucosidase.

Alpha amylase and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory potential of aqueous extract of Azanza garckeana fruit

Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are common diseases affecting a lot of people. Alpha amylase and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are used to treat type II diabetes and hypertension respectively. This study investigated the alpha amylase and ACE inhibitory potential of Azanza garckeana fruits. Phytochemical screening, α-amylase and ACE inhibitory potential of the aqueous extract of A. garckeana fruit was determined using standard procedures. The mode of inhibition of α-amylase by A. garckeana fruit was determined from the Lineweaver-Burk plot. Alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, steroids, tannins, phenols and terpenoids were present in the aqueous extract of A. garkeana fruit. The percent inhibition of α-amylase was greater than 50%. The IC50 values were 2.6 ± 0.02 and 0.04 ± 0.09 for the extract and acarbose (standard drug) respectively. The Lineweaver-Burk plot showed that extract Vmax did not change when compared to the no inhibitor (no extract) but the km increased. The percent inhibition of ACE by A. garckeana was also greater than 50%. Its IC50 was 0.625 ± 0.03 while that of the standard drug (captopril) was 0.875 ± 0.07. Thus A. garckeana inhibited α-amylase and ACE and can be used to treat type II diabetes and hypertension. It is a competitive inhibitor of α-amylase.

Modeling and Optimization of Alpha-Amylase and Phytase Microencapsulation Process in Beeswax and Evaluation of Bread Quality Attributes

Abstract Due to the significant role of bread in the food basket of people in the world, it is necessary consider its quality and nutritional attributes. Due to the significance of alpha-amylase and phytase enzymes in bread quality and the sensitivity of these enzymes to some environmental conditions, it was attempted to optimize and model the encapsulation conditions of the combination of two enzymes in beeswax. The parameters of amylase and phytase, beeswax amount, tween 20, and mixing speed were regarded as independent parameters and their effect on the encapsulation efficiency of alpha-amylase and phytase enzymes was studied. The results indicated that the concentration of enzymes and the amount of beeswax had a direct and inverse effect on the encapsulation efficiency of both enzymes, respectively. The proposed model for the encapsulation efficiency of type 2 alpha-amylase and phytase and the fitting coefficients of the models were reliable. Finally, the optimal encapsulation conditions due to the maximum encapsulation efficiency were 156.53 μL of alpha-amylase enzyme, 178.28 mg of phytase enzyme, 1.87 g of beeswax, 1.19% by weight/ volume of tween 20 and mixing speed of 1081-89 r/min were determined with a utility factor of 0.897.

Qualitative and quantitative phytoconstituent determination, DPPH free radical lowering effect and In-vitro hypoglycemic activity study by alpha amylase enzyme assay along with membrane diffusion technique.

Diabetes mellitus, a physiological disorder is characterized by low secretion of insulin due to the attack in insulin producing beta cell (Type I) or the body cell become insulin resistance (Type II). This study was designed to evaluate the DPPH lowering effect, in-vitro alpha amylase and glucose diffusion inhibition of the selected medicinal plants. Five different plant sample Amomum subulatum, Choerospondias axillaris, Musa sp, Myrica esculenta and Nephrolepis cordifolia were taken for the study. From the result it was revealed that the methanol extracts of Myrica esculenta stem bark and small branches showed potent DPPH free radical scavenging activity with the IC50 value of 4.23 µg/ml and 3.14 µg/ml respectively which is almost comparable to standard Ascorbic acid taken. Meanwhile, alpha-amylase inhibitory study showed that Myrica esculenta stem bark showed potent subsidiary effect on methanol extracts with IC50 value of 0.96 mg/ml which is comparable to standard volgibose taken. Lastly, membrane diffusion study with glucose and plant sample showed that Amomum subulatum seed and Choerospondias axillaris fruit have potent glucose diffusion inhibition with highest GDRI %. From the result, it could be correlated that the free radical scavenging activity and glucose lowering effect of these plant extracts is due to the presence of phytoconstituents like phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides saponins etc. as well as several other uncompetitive modes of inhibition.

Green synthesis and characterization of copper and nickel hybrid nanomaterials: Investigation of their biological and photocatalytic potential for the removal of organic crystal violet dye

Nanotechnology deals with the materials at nanoscale to synthesize nanoparticles. The current study introduced a new green approach for the synthesis of Copper and Nickel hybrid nanoparticles by using Zingiber officinale rhizome extract as a capping and reducing agent. The nanoparticles were physico-chemically characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Scanning electron microscopy. It was revealed by scanning electron micrograph that the Cu-Ni hybrid nanoparticles have spherical geometries with average grain size of 25.12 ± 1.2 nm. Furthermore, biocatalytic and photocatalytic applications of the biosynthesized nanoparticles were assessed. The results of antibacterial assay revealed that Cu-Ni hybrid nanoparticles had an inhibition zones of 28 ± 1.0, 25 ± 0.8, and 25 ± 1.5 mm against P. aeruginosa, E. coli and Proteus vulgaris. Commercially available antibiotics were purchased and coated with Cu-Ni hybrid nanoparticles, it was found that their antimicrobial efficacy was increased twice. To evaluate the antioxidant potential, nanoparticles having a concentration of 200 µg/mL were applied against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals and NPs showed 42.1 ± 0.71 % inhibition. Cu-Ni nanoparticles have shown a dose-dependent cytotoxicity against amastigote and promastigote in anti-leishmanial assay. The synthesized nanoparticles were found biocompatible and safe in nature to be used in vivo, as they showed no significant hemolysis of human red blood cells at their highest concentration. In antidiabetic assay, NPs inhibited alpha-amylase enzyme up to 38.07 ± 0.65 %. An organic crystal violet dye was successfully degraded by the synthesized nanoparticles in photocatalytic assay. Hence, it is concluded that Cu-Ni hybrid nanoparticles can be used both in vitro and in vivo for drug delivery in biomedical research. These nanoparticles can also be used in the remediation of organic dyes as a catalyst.

ALPHA AMYLASE AND ALPHA GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF Croton zambesicus LEAF FRACTIONS IN WISTAR RATS

Croton zambesicus Muell Arg. (Euphorbiaceace) a medicinal plant used traditionally in the treatment of diseases including diabetes was evaluated for effect on alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzymes in vivo. The leaf fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, 150 mg/kg) of C. zambesicus were investigated in vivo for inhibitory effect on alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzymes using starch, sucrose and maltose as substrates. Acarbose was used as reference drug. The leaf fractions (n-hexane, DCM and ethyl acetate) caused significant (p<0.05) reduction in blood glucose levels of treated rats with the various substrates used. DCM fraction exerted the highest inhibitory effect when starch was used as substrate followed by n-hexane. N-hexane was the most active fraction followed by ethyl acetate when sucrose and maltose were used as substrates. The results suggest that the leaf fractions of C. zambesicus have the potentials to inhibit alpha amylase and glucosidase in rats.

Bioethanol Production From Tapioca Solid Waste In A Batch Reactor

Tapioca solid waste is a by-product of processing tapioca flour in the form of dregs and contains a lot of carbohydrates which can be developed benefits by treating the waste through an enzymatic process by hydrolysis as bioethanol. Bioconversion technology is an enzymatic conversion of materials by hydrolysis which can be used to increase the value of tapioca solid waste. The purpose of this research is to convert starch from solid waste of tapioca flour industry into bioethanol through enzyme hydrolysis and fermentation processes. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the ethanol content produced from the concentration of 50 gr/l, 100 gr/l, and 150 gr/l waste of tapioca concentrations with 10ml, 15, and 20ml enzymes. The cassava samples were hydrolyzed using Alpha-amylase enzymes with various concentrations of 10ml, 15, and 20ml and 10ml Glucoamylase enzymes. In the liquefaction process, glucose content is analyzed every 30 minutes for 2 hours, then in the saccharification process, glucose content is analyzed every 30 minutes for 3 hours. The acid hydrolyzate solution was adjusted to pH 4.5 and then fermented for 3 days and analyzed every 12 hours. From the results of the study, it was found that the optimal treatment variable was the concentration variable of 150 gr/l waste of tapioca (solid waste tapioca flour) with a concentration of 20 ml of Alpha-amylase enzyme. The ethanol content obtained from the fermentation process is 3.98% (v/v).

IN VITRO AND IN VIVO ANTIDIABETIC EFFECTS OF SALACIA OBLONGA WALL LEAF AND ROOT EXTRACTS

The present study was framed out to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of S. oblonga Wall leaf and root ethyl acetate and toluene extracts in vitro and in vivo. The root ethyl acetate extract found significant inhibition of alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzyme functions in vitro. The in vivo studies are carried out according to the guide line of CPCSEA and IAEC. The acute toxicity test of the extracts resulted in the no effect on the animals. The ethyl acetate extract of root showed the increase in body weight of animals at the end of the experiment. The blood glucose levels of diabetic rats are significantly reduced after the treatment of root ethyl acetate extract. The leaf toluene and ethyl acetate extract exhibited average antidiabetic activity. We conclude that root extract exhibited good antidiabetic activity comparing to leaf extract.

Relationship between Salivary Alpha-Amylase Enzyme Activity, Anthropometric Indices, Dietary Habits, and Early Childhood Dental Caries.

Objectives Although early childhood dental caries (ECC) have the same general etiology as other types of caries, predisposing factors are not well elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) activity, body mass index (BMI), dietary habits, and oral hygiene on ECC. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed on 38 ECC-affected and 41 caries-free children, aged 36 to 72 months. Upon the parents' consent, 3 mL of non-stimulated saliva was collected from the participants to measure the level of sAA activity through spectrophotometry. Additionally, parents/caretakers completed a structured questionnaire about demographic factors, oral hygiene, and consumption of sugar-containing foods. BMI, BMI z-scores, and percentile data were calculated by using an online calculator. The independent variables were dichotomized and tested through chi-square test, followed by a stepwise logistic regression, by using SPSS software (α = 0.05). Results The sAA activity was significantly higher in caries-free children (P ≤ 0.001). However, the mean BMI was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.49). Brushing and other measured dietary habits were significantly associated with the development of ECC (P ≤ 0.001). According to the results of the logistic regression, sAA activity was shown to be a predictor for ECC development (Odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.9 (0.95–0.98)). Conclusion Children with inherently lower levels of sAA activity were more susceptible to dental caries. Improper nutritional habits and poor oral health care could exacerbate the risk of ECC.

Molecular modelling and in vitro studies of Daruharidra as a potent alpha-amylase inhibitor

The present study aims at exploring the potential of the Daruharidra plant (stem and bark) for inhibition of alpha-amylase. Aqueous and ethanolic extraction yielded the highest total phenolic content (TPC) of 101.4 and 111.8 mcg of gallic acid equivalent. Methanol and ethanol extract had Total flavonoid content (TFC) of 319.6 and 288.3 mcg of quercetin equivalent, respectively. In contrast, petroleum ether extraction resulted in the lowest TPC of 23.6 and TFC of 8.33 mcg, respectively. Methanol (5.554 mg/ml), acetone (6.576 mg/ml), and ethanol (7.321 mg/ml) extract had the lowest IC50 values in alpha-amylase inhibition with the mode of inhibition being non-competitive inhibition. HR-LCMS was used for comprehension of phytoconstituents present in the extract. Amongst hundreds of hits observed 10 ligands of alkaloid nature were used for docking studies. Berbamine, alloxanthine, protopine and benazepril along with reference molecule (Acarbose) were subjected to Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to analyze the stability of the docked protein-ligand complex. The values of RMSD, RMSF, RG, H-Bond and SASA, the interaction energy of all protein-ligand complexes were calculated after 150 ns of MD simulation. The results of screened complexes revealed good stability as compared to reference Acarbose. These screened ligands used for simulation have the most negative binding energies that interacted with alpha amylase enzyme having −9.28 kcal/mol, −7.51 kcal/mol, −7.73 kcal/mol and −8.00 kcal/mol, energies respectively. The results show significant alpha-amylase inhibitory activity and interaction of ligands targeting this enzyme, which can be used for cross-validation, in vitro Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Impact of alpha-amylase enzyme on the Rheological and Microstructural properties of the different types of rice flour doughs and bread

The purpose of this study is to discuss the significant role of the α-amylase enzyme in the production and rheological characteristics of gluten-free rice dough and baked bread. Small deformation and large deformation methods were used to evaluate the effect of the α-amylase enzyme addition on the dough and bread rheological characteristics. The baking properties of bread were evaluated by specific volume, baking loss, and Texture profile analysis parameters. The effect of the added enzyme on the dough microstructure was also evaluated. Small deformation study of doughs showed the highest significant changes after enzyme addition in 0.5S and extra-fine flour doughs. The dynamic rheological study of the flours doughs during the heating period showed significant changes in doughs properties as a function of α-amylase. After enzyme addition, a significant difference in crumb hardness was observed in the fine, semi-coarse, and extra-fine bread. After α-amylase addition in black rice, 0.5S and extra-fine doughs G’, G” and values were decreased. The research explains how the alpha-amylase enzyme effect the rheological characteristics of gluten-free dough and bread. Rheological analysis of doughs made from flour during the heating period indicated that the properties of the doughs were significantly affected by the presence of α-amylase.

<i>In-Vitro</i> and <i>In-Silico</i> Alpha Amylase and Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Baicaelin

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose level in the body. It occurs due to the inadequate amount of insulin secreted in the body or resistance of insulin receptors. In the present study, Baicalein a flavone glycoside was evaluated for its effect on alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes using in-vitro assays by extracting respective enzymes from whole wheat and barley in combination with in-silico analysis. In-vitro alpha amylase inhibitory activity and in-vitro alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity was performed using acarbose as a standard drug. The molecular docking study was performed using Schrodinger (Maestro V 11.5) software. The parameters glide score, Lipinski rule for drug likeliness, bioactive scoring and ADME properties were assessed in the docking study. Further, the antioxidant activity of baicalein was performed using DPPH assay, Nitric oxide scavenging activity. The cytotoxicity of baicalein was evaluated using the Brine shrimp lethality assay. The alpha-amylase assay performed showed IC<sub>50</sub> value of 48.40 ?g/ml for baicalein whereas alpha-glucosidase assay showed an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 16.03 ?g/ml. Baicalein shows the glide score of-5.565 with 5EOF and glide score of -5.339 with 5NN8 in the molecular docking study. The highest percentage of DPPH radical scavenging activity and nitrous oxide scavenging activity were found to be 27% at 160 ?g/ml and 50.02% at 160 ?g/ml respectively. Based on further in vivo and clinical trials, baicalein may be used for the management of hyperglycaemia.

ISOLATION AND INHIBITION TEST OF QUERCETIN COMPOUND FROM OKRA FRUIT (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is one of the plants from the Malvacea. The secondary metabolite compounds with quite large composition flavonoid compound that is able to provide pharmacological activity to lower blood sugar. This study aimed to isolate, identify find out the results of the inhibition test on the alpha amylase enzyme one of enzyme that affects blood sugar levels. Herein, the extraction was initially carried out using the remaceration method of okra fruit powder using 80% ethanol followed by fractionation process using n-hexane, ether, and ethyl acetate. The marker was isolated using the preparative TLC method with a silica gel and n-butanol:acetic acid : water (4:1:5) as stationary and mobile phases. The isolates were a yellow powder with a yield of 0.18% and a melting point of 307-309.5oC. TLC Densitometry was used to determine the Rf value and the spectral form of the standard quercetin and isolates wich are found to be identical. The isolate showed that quercetin compounds had the inhibitory power of the amylase enzyme by 49.74% compared to acarbose 58.90%. IC values, by quercetin isolates were8,358/ml and acarbose 7,598mg/ml and statistically, the t-group showed no significant differences.

ISOLATION AND INHIBITION TEST OF QUERCETIN COMPOUND FROM OKRA FRUIT (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is one of the plants from the Malvacea. The secondary metabolite compounds with quite large composition flavonoid compound that is able to provide pharmacological activity to lower blood sugar. This study aimed to isolate, identify find out the results of the inhibition test on the alpha amylase enzyme one of enzyme that affects blood sugar levels. Herein, the extraction was initially carried out using the remaceration method of okra fruit powder using 80% ethanol followed by fractionation process using n-hexane, ether, and ethyl acetate. The marker was isolated using the preparative TLC method with a silica gel and n-butanol:acetic acid : water (4:1:5) as stationary and mobile phases. The isolates were a yellow powder with a yield of 0.18% and a melting point of 307-309.5oC. TLC Densitometry was used to determine the Rf value and the spectral form of the standard quercetin and isolates wich are found to be identical. The isolate showed that quercetin compounds had the inhibitory power of the amylase enzyme by 49.74% compared to acarbose 58.90%. IC values, by quercetin isolates were8,358/ml and acarbose 7,598mg/ml and statistically, the t-group showed no significant differences.

Comparative Evaluation of Alpha-Amylase and Alpha- Glucosidase Inhibitory Potential of Aqueous Seed Extract of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum and Moringa Oleifera - An In vitro Study

Background: Trigonella foenum-graecum is one of the commonly used herbs in food. Moringa oleifera is a source of food, accommodation and conventional medicine for many peoples in the developing countriesThe seeds of both the plants were explored for antidiabetic potential.
 Methods: The current work was designed to probe the in vitro anti diabetic potential of the aqueous seed elicit of trigonella foenum- graceus and Moringa oleifera using the enzymes alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase.Both the extracts were screened for their phytochemicals and antioxidant potential was also analysed.The data were examine statistically by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test was used to see the statistical significance in conjunction with groups. The results with the p<0.05 level were considered to be statistically significant.
 Result: Due to its chemical ingredient and active compounds like amino acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, it proceeds as a good antioxidant. Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract exhibited comparatively higher antidiabetic potential with an IC50 of 300µg/ml than the Moringa oleifera extract. Results of the work designate that both extracts of the plant possessed by forbidding alpha amylase, alpha glucosidase show maximum inhibition. Hence concluded that, Trigonella foenum graecum leaves might be considered as herbal remedies for diabetes.
 Conclusion: In vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of seed elicit of Trigonella foenum-graecum and Moringa oleifera were analyzed and compared. This study shows that Trigonella foenum-graecum has higher antidiabetic potential than the Moringa oleifera extract.