Aloe Vera Extract Research Articles

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Eye Mascara

The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate a herbal eye mascara using natural ingredients. The mascara was prepared using a combination of beeswax, coconut oil, shea butter, and herbal extracts of aloe vera, green tea, and chamomile. The physical characteristics, such as texture, consistency, and color, were evaluated. The antimicrobial activity and safety of the formulation were also assessed. The results showed that the herbal eye mascara possessed good physical characteristics, antimicrobial activity, and was safe for use. The formulation was also found to be stable and non-irritating. The study concludes that the herbal eye mascara is a promising natural alternative to synthetic mascaras, offering benefits of natural ingredients and antimicrobial properties

The effect of using topical fluoride with aloe vera extract on frequency occurrence of plaque and caries in early childhood

Background: Risk level of caries in Indonesia is relatively high. Thus, preventive measures are needed to overcome ongoing plaque and caries problems. One of the steps that can be taken in preventing plaque and caries in early childhood is through topical fluoride with aloe vera extract. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find out more regarding the effect of topical fluoride with aloe vera extract on frequency of plaque and caries occurrence in early childhood. Methods: The method used in this study is systematic literature review. The sources used in the systematic literature review are published sources and are recognized both nationally and internationally and can be accessed through PubMed, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. Results: Topical fluoride with aloe vera extract can prevent caries because fluoride works by inhibiting demineralization, increasing remineralization, increasing enamel resistance to acid attack, and reacting with hydroxyapatite to form fluorapatite. Aloe vera also contains anthraquinones, saponins, and flavonoids which have antibacterial properties and can dissolve lipoproteins in bacterial cell membranes. The topical fluoride preparation used is in the form of a gel with a concentration of 12.300 to 12.500 ppm and is used 4 minutes every 3 months and is not overused because it can cause fluorosis. Conclusion: The use of topical fluoride in combination with aloe vera extract has a considerable success rate as a preventive measure in preventing caries in early childhood.

Extraction, Stabilization and GC-MS Characterization of Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Aloe Vera Gel and Rind.

Aloe vera gel and rind have been examined for their phytochemical properties as well as their chemical composition using GC-MS and the results in general showed that the matured aloe leaf plant is composed of approximately 55–70%, inner leaf and 30 – 45% rind by weight. The inner leaf contains about 98.5–99.5% water and 0.5 – 1.5% solids; the rind contains 88–91% water and 9–12% solids. The whole leaf contains total solids of about 3.5 - 4.5 %, while the extractable solid of the whole leaf was approximately 1%. The main components in these analyzed samples were found to be the ash, free sugars, organic acids, and polysaccharides. The protein contents are relatively high in fresh plants, in the range of 3.8–8.3%, and higher in rind than in gel. Protein content is low in the juice powders, assuming proteins were removed in the filtering and decolorization process. The GC analysis of ethanolic extract of aloe vera (EEAV) resulted in 31 significant retention time (RT) peaks revealing more than 25 phytochemical compounds (approximately 25 compounds/peak) present in the EEAV. In the GC-MS analysis, 21 bioactive compounds, based on their peak area percentage, Retention Time (RT), molecular weight and molecular formula were identified including 2-methyl 1-butanamine, n-hexadecyl acetamide, 2-methyl isobutylamide, glycyl-di-alanine. The ethanolic extract of aloe vera Rind indicated the presence of 3-aminopropionitrile, Adenosine 2-methyl acetic acid and 4-(3-acetylamino-2-oxopropyl) phenyl ester), 1,3-dichloro-4,6-dinitrobenzene, Adenosine,2-methyl alanine, Ethyl-2-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-oxy-3,3,3-trifluoropropanoic, 2-methyl-ethyl,5-(furan-2 yl)-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylate, 1-butanamine and 2-methyl,1-butanamide, 2-methyl acetic acid, 2-butyn-1-ol, N-hexadecyl acatanamide, 2-methylisobutanamide and isobutanamide. The gel is mostly used for the preparation of various products like juice, makeup items, tissue papers, moisturizers, soaps, sunscreens, incense, shaving cream, and shampoos. The identification of compounds like Hexanoic Acid, Citronellyl Butyrate, Phytol, Myristic Acid, Palmitic acid, Palmitoyl Chloride and Octadecanal in the present study is important since they are known to be used in flavoring and fragrance, moisturizing creams, shaving creams, shampoos, bathing oils lipsticks and perfumed products.

Formula Optimization of Propolis Transfersome Gel, Aloe Vera, Gotu Extract: Formula Design, Formulation Evaluation and Cell Regeneration Test in Diabetic Wounds

The study was conducted to determine the optimal formula of transfersome propolis gel, aloe vera extract and gotu gotu leaf extract and test it against diabetic wounds in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus). The gel was created with an optimal formulation resulting from the application of a Design Expert with Cutimed as a positive control of burns on the backs of male white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Formula optimization was carried out using a Simple Lattice Design with variations of carbopol, TEA and glycerin. Activity tests of propolis transferosome gel, aloe vera extract and gotu gotu extract were conducted on 20 rats. The data results were statistically analyzed using the SPSS One Way ANOVA method. Phytochemical screening on aloe vera and gotu gotu showed the presence of flavonoid compounds, tannins and saponins. Transfersome propolis has a particle size of 88.55 nm and a zeta potential of -24.13 mV. The optimal formula produces a clear preparation in white, a distinctive odour, a stable viscosity of 19980 cps, dispersion power of 6.67 cm, adhesion of 4.07 seconds and pH of 6.45. The burn activity test had the fastest effectiveness on day 12 but did not differ significantly from the customized control.

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF TIO2 USING ALOE VERA FOR PHOTODEGRADATION IN SASIRANGAN WASTE

Green synthesis of TiO2 has been successfully carried out using aloe vera. Aloe vera extract was mixed with TiCl4 while heated to obtain TiO2 powder. The FTIR spectrum showed a peak at 487.67 cm-¹ corresponding to the Ti-O-Ti functional group, which indicates the formation of TiO2 particles. The XRD results showed that the TiO2 crystals were in the anatase phase. SEM images show that the particles tend to be spherical in shape as in the anatase phase. With the Scherer equation, the size of the TiO2 crystal yielded was around 2.3 nm in diameter. The UV-vis spectrophotometer results showed the blue shift of absorption peak at 368 nm or band gap energy of 3.37 eV. A thin layer of TiO2 was made by using the slip casting method. These thin films were applied to methylene blue and sasirangan waste samples for photodegradation tests. The exposure times used were 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 minutes. The results showed photodegradation of 38.9 % and 4.5 %, respectively, for methylene blue and sasirangan waste.

A IMPORTÂNCIA DE ATIVOS NATURAIS NAS FORMULAÇÕES DE SKINCARE

INTRODUCTION: This study investigates the effectiveness of natural products in skincare beyond their aesthetic function, exploring their therapeutic properties for skin care. The analysis focuses on active ingredients such as Aloe Vera and essential oils from the Amazon, highlighting their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and healing benefits for individualized treatments. GENERAL OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of natural active ingredients in cosmetics such as skincare, exploring their benefits beyond aesthetics. METHODOLOGY: This study presents an integrative bibliographic review on skincare and natural products, analyzing articles from 2020 to 2024 in databases such as BVS, PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science. Five relevant articles were selected to develop a review framework, focusing on the potential of cosmetics with natural products in adjuvant treatments in skincare. RESULTS: This study reviewed cosmetic formulations with natural products, focusing on their pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties to enhance aesthetic and therapeutic benefits, especially in combating skin aging and treating acne. six articles were analyzed that highlighted active ingredients such as Aloe Vera and cocoa extract, proving their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and healing effects. CONCLUSION: The conclusion highlights that a skin care routine with natural cosmetics, such as Centella Asiatica and Aloe Vera, can prevent premature aging and treat conditions such as acnes, due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Green synthesis of perovskite-type FeMnO3 nanoparticles: Study of its electrochemical hydrogen storage and catalytic activity on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

Perovskite-based mixed metal oxides have become a promising material as efficient catalysts and electrocatalysts for various energy storage-related and fuel applications in modern scientific society. This study is the first attempt to explore the catalyst and electrocatalyst application of iron manganese oxide (FeMnO3) perovskite. The pure FeMnO3 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using a green method by Aloe vera extract as a capping agent. The cubic crystal structure, nanosized particle, purity, mesoporous feature and ferromagnetic properties of FeMnO3 NPs were confirmed using XRD, FT-IR, FESEM-EDS mapping, BET, and VSM analysis. The electrocatalyst properties of the sample were measured using cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronopotentiometry (CP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The results showed that the specific capacitance value and hydrogen storage capacity of FeMnO3 NPs were about 382.5 Fg−1 and 2622 mAhg−1 in the aqueous alkaline medium (3 M KOH), respectively. Additionally, the catalytic activity of the sample on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) was analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TGA) instruments. The results revealed that FeMnO3 NPs enhanced the released heat of AP from 525 to 1760 Jg−1 and reduced the decomposition temperature from 458 to 381 °C.

Screening and Formulation of Hand Sanitizer with Herbal Extracts of Aloe Vera and Cinnamon

Sanitizers are liquid solutions formulated to reduce microbial growth on the hands, typically featuring alcohol as a primary component. However, various plant-derived bioactive compounds exhibit antimicrobial properties that can benefit the skin without adverse effects, enhancing its softness and overall health while providing a natural glow. This study explores the antimicrobial potential of plants such as tulsi, neem, lemon, and eucalyptus. An herbal sanitizer was developed using Aloe Vera and cinnamon extract, with the Microtiter Plate Technique employed to identify the optimal concentrations for effective use. Results revealed that both Aloe Vera and cinnamon extracts were effective in inhibiting microbial growth at a concentration of 1 mg. Notably, the combination of these extracts showed enhanced effectiveness, suppressing microbial growth at 0.5 mg. The formulated sanitizer using this combination inhibited specific microorganisms at 0.75 mg, while demonstrating a remarkable inhibitory effect on hand microbes at just 0.09 mg. These findings underscore the effectiveness of combining Aloe Vera and cinnamon in sanitizers. Additionally, the natural extracts incorporated into the formulation offer prolonged antimicrobial activity and contribute to maintaining skin health. Keywords: Sanitizer, herbal extract, Aloe Vera, cinnamon, Microbes.

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Footcream

Skin diseases are numerous and a frequently occurring health problem affecting all ages from the neonates to the elderly and cause harm in number of ways. If the cracks in the heels are deep, they can be painful, hurting when a person stands up, and they may sometimes bleed. Some wild plants and their parts are frequently used to treat these diseases. Herbal crack cream contains the extracts of the plantconsists of five ingredients viz., extract of Daruharida (Berberisaristata DC.), Pashanbheda (Bergenialigulata (Wall.) Engl.), Jivanti (Leptadeniareticulata W. & A.), kampilak (Mallotusphilippensis Muell.-Arg.), Manjistha (Rubiacordifolia Linn.) were used to prepare Herbal crack cream. The main objective of the research work was to prepare and evaluate Herbal crack cream and the results showed that Herbal crack cream passeall Parameters related to cream and TLC of formulated cream and extract showed that the tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids were found to be present in mentioned medicinal plants. These days, skin conditions are a major cause of illness for people of all ages. If someone has a crack in their foot's heel, it hurts and is quite uncomfortable. Environmental factors contribute to the growth of germs and fungi on human skin. This factor is taken into account when creating HERBALFOOTCREAM. That cream's function is to hydrate the heel, and its emulsion is w/o type (cold cream). Cold cream works by producing an oily coating on the skin that aids in reducing water loss from the skin to the environment. Water serves to hydrate and refresh the skin while beeswax and cocoa butter work as emollients, which aid to soften and smooth the skin. The key ingredient in these formulations is argan oil, which has vitamin E and is healthy for the skin since it hydrates. Neem extract also has antibacterial and antifungal properties. Lemongrass essential oil is used in fragrances. This cream is homogeneous, spread sreadily, and is naturally fatty. This is W/O emulsion and with anacidic pH (within the range of skin pH). There was no phase separation in this cream. • The main aim of our research was to develop on anti-cracked heels cream formulation consisting of hedychium spicatum, aleo bar, badensis azodirachta indica for the treatment of cracked heels. Skin diseases are numerous and frequently occurring health problem affecting all age from neonate to the elderly and cause harm in number of ways. • The skin is external exposure of the body. The ageing is most visible on the skin. Nowadays, premature ageing is a big complication in the world because of the changes in an environment. Feet is important part of body; they suffer from many frictions. The lack of oil gland in the feet skin which results into very dry skin. External penetration of dirt, fungus, bacteria cause cuts and wounds. Bacterial decomposition is also occurred in foot give bad odour. For these purpose herbal foot cream is prepared. • This herbal foot cream is prepared from Argan oil (good for dry skin), Neem extract (antibacterial & antifungal effects), Aloe vera extract (for hydration) and lemongrass oil (fragrance). Other than synthetic compound, herbs have more effective, low cost, more availability, and less side effects. Here, ARGAN OIL have good property which give protection to the skin and lemongrass oil is having a good fragrance. Argan oil contains vitamin E which is known as anti-inflammatory agent in skin and several studies proves that vit E is good in seal up the cracks caused by dryness..

Developing a novel polysulfone/chitosan membrane incorporated with green synthesized CuO from aloe vera extract for toxic dye removal

AbstractThe environment and public health have been protected by the simple, non‐destructive, and ecologically benign process used for fabricating membranes. In this study, a low‐cost wastewater treatment membrane is made from raw materials followed by phase inversion approach. A typical organic pollutant that has earned a poor track record for gradually harming aquatic life. Thus, the membrane technology is used to minimize the water contaminated by dyes. To treat wastewater, a membrane was developed by combining green synthesized CuO nanoparticles with polysulfone (PS) and chitosan (CS). The developed membranes were analyzed using x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, and x‐ray diffraction techniques. The developed membrane, along with the nanoparticles and additives, confirmed its crystalline confirmation, hydrophilicity, arrangement of structures, and morphological modifications. CuO nanoparticles were prepared using aloe vera extract, and incorporated into a mixed matrix membrane was utilized for the congo red (CR) and methylene blue (MB) adsorption processes. The absorption capacity was analyzed via UV spectroscopy makes it potentially important for membrane performance. Therefore, the resulting membrane could be used as a substrate for dye removal applications.

Synthesis and Characterization of Lauha Bhasma

The preparation of ayurvedic bhasma is particularly challenging, as mass production in modern facilities often lacks the standardized equipment needed to ensure consistent quality, leading to concerns about toxic elements like mercury and arsenic in the final products. Addressing these concerns necessitates the standardization of the synthesis process through the implementation of stringent quality control measures at every stage of preparation. This study is dedicated to the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of lauha (iron) bhasma, employing both traditional methodologies and advanced analytical techniques. The synthesis process began with samanya shodhana (general purification), followed by vishesh shodhana (special purification) and marana (incineration) The resultant product then underwent amrutikaran, involving heating with aloe vera extract at an elevated temperature of 750°C.The synthesized lauha bhasma was meticulously characterized using a combination of classical Ayurvedic techniques and modern analytical methods, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Particle Size Distribution (PSD), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The final product, post-Amrutikaran, successfully passed all traditional Ayurvedic evaluations, affirming the proper formation of bhasma. XRD analysis revealed the formation of rhombohedral α-Fe₂O₃ with only trace amounts of free iron, indicating high purity. SEM and PSD analyses demonstrated the creation of nanosized particles ranging from 50 to 200 nm, complemented by a specific surface area of 12.55 m²/g as determined by BET studies. Crucially, EDX analysis confirmed that the amrutikaran process effectively eliminated mercury from the bhasma, ensuring its safety and compliance with stringent quality standards.

Kicking Newcastle Disease in Poultry: The Therapeutic Potential of a Herbal Blend of Christmas Melon, Aloe Vera, Chili, and Ash Extract

Newcastle Disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral infection that causes substantial mortality and economic losses in poultry, particularly in resource-limited settings like rural Uganda. This study explores the therapeutic potential of a herbal blend composed of Christmas melon, aloe vera, chili, and ash extract as an alternative or adjunct treatment for ND in poultry. Grounded in Integrative Medicine Theory (IMT), which emphasizes the synergy between conventional and traditional medical approaches, the study investigates the effectiveness of this herbal remedy in both treating and preventing ND. The results, based on personal case studies and a larger preventive trial, demonstrate a high recovery rate in affected birds and successful prevention in exposed flocks. Notably, six out of seven birds treated for ND showed full recovery, and no new ND cases emerged in the preventive trial involving 1,654 layers. However, a slight decrease in egg production was observed in treated layers, signaling a potential side effect that warrants further research. This study underscores the viability of herbal remedies in managing ND in areas where conventional treatments may be limited or inaccessible, providing a holistic, farmer-centered, and cost-effective solution to poultry health management in rural African settings. While promising, further research is needed to optimize dosage, assess long-term safety, and minimize adverse effects.

Analysis of biological activities of Aloe vera gel and extract used as the potential use in natural food additives

El propósito de este estudio es evaluar las propiedades antimicrobianas del gel de Aloe vera (AVG) y el extracto de Aloe vera (AVE). En el contexto de la seguridad alimentaria, el enfoque principal ha sido el uso potencial de estos productos naturales como conservantes de alimentos y sus efectos a nivel microbiano. Como parte del estudio, se prepararon AVG y AVE en diferentes concentraciones (1, 2, 3, 4 y 5% p/v). Los microorganismos utilizados en las pruebas incluyeron Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii, Candida albicans y Aspergillus niger. Los análisis microbiológicos se realizaron de acuerdo con las normas ISO y las cargas microbianas se evaluaron en diferentes diluciones. El análisis estadístico de los datos se realizó mediante la prueba de rangos con signos de Wilcoxon, la prueba no paramétrica de Friedman y el ANOVA bidireccional. Se descubrió que ambas formas de AVG y AVE eran efectivas contra ciertas bacterias y hongos probados. Específicamente, la forma de gel de AVG mostró efectividad contra B. subtilis y E. coli, mientras que la forma de extracto fue ineficaz contra estos microorganismos. Los análisis estadísticos indicaron que el tiempo es un factor importante en la eficacia antimicrobiana de AVG y AVE. El estudio presentó hallazgos que respaldan el uso potencial de AVG y AVE como conservantes de alimentos.

Green synthesized Cr2O3/Bi2O3 nanocomposites for gamma ray shielding

The quest for advanced materials in gamma radiation shielding has spurred the exploration of environmentally friendly, nanotechnology-based approaches. This study introduces a novel synthesis of Cr2O3/Bi2O3 nanocomposites (NCs) using the solution combustion method, with Aloe vera extract serving as a natural reducing agent. Comprehensive analytical characterization of the synthesized NCs was conducted using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. The gamma radiation shielding properties of the Cr2O3/Bi2O3 NCs are evaluated using a NaI(Tl) detector connected to a multichannel analyzer. Key shielding parameters, including mass attenuation coefficients, mean free path, half-value layer, tenth-value layer, energy buildup factor, and radiation protection efficiency, indicate that Cr2O3/Bi2O3 NCs are highly effective in gamma radiation shielding. The results demonstrated the feasible shielding performance of these nanocomposites across various energies within error limits of 5 %. This study highlights the potential of Cr2O3/Bi2O3 NCs as a promising, sustainable alternative to conventional shielding materials, offering enhanced gamma radiation protection with reduced environmental impact.

Exploring the potential of chitosan polyherbal hydrogel loaded with AgNPs to enhance wound healing A triangular study

Hydrogel wound dressings provide a moist environment, which promotes the formation of granulation tissue and epithelium in the wound area, accelerating the wound healing process. There have been numerous approaches to skin wound management and treatment, but the limitations of current methods highlight the need for more effective alternatives. A Chitosan polyherbal hydrogel integrated with AgNPs was synthesized to assess its wound-healing potential both in vitro and in vivo. The AgNPs were synthesized using Calotropis procera leaf extract and characterized via X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). In swelling kinetic analysis, the hydrogel's weight reached its maximum at 8 h of incubation and began to decrease from 12 h up to 72 h (49 % ± 6.04). The hydrogel formulation demonstrated strong antimicrobial potential against E. coli and S. aureus with an inhibition zone of 18 mm and 25 mm, respectively. Furthermore, in mice studies, the formulation exhibited significant wound size reduction within 12 days, supported by histopathology analysis revealing higher angiogenic potential compared to commercial hydrogels. The concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α in CS-polyherbal/AgNPs hydrogel were 500 pg/ml and 125 pg/ml, respectively. Additionally, a network pharmacology approach identified 11 chemical constituents in Aloe vera, Azadirachta indica, and Alternanthera brasiliana extracts, along with 326 potential targets, suggesting the superior wound healing properties of this formulation compared to commercially available hydrogels.

A comprehensive study on mechanisms of action of fibroin, aloe vera, and ginger extracts through histochemical, inflammation biomarkers, and matrix metalloproteinases analysis against diabetic wounds

IntroductionDiabetes causes complications like delayed wound healing for a long time. Fibroin, aloe vera, and ginger extracts along with their combinations are used for diabetic wound healing. MethodsAfter induction of diabetes, The wound healing effects of fibroin (50 mg/ml), aloe vera gel (50 mg/ml), and ginger extract (30 mg/ml), individually and in combination, were assessed. The pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor narcosis factor-α (TNF-α) interleukin (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP 2, MMP7, MMP 9), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) levels were analyzed in the serum. ResultsA combination of fibroin + aloe vera gel + ginger extract (Fi + Al + Gi) healed the wounds in 11 days via wound contraction of 98.5 ± 0.9 % as compared to diabetic control (58.2 ± 0.7 %) and positive control (73.3 ± 0.6 %) groups. However, the wounds of the Polyfax and the diabetic control groups were healed in 17 and 19 days, corresponding to a contraction of: 96.7 ± 1.4 % and 96.3 ± 1.1 %. The histological assay showed that the Fi + Al + Gi group indicated an increased growth of collagen fibers, fibroblasts, keratinocytes and blood vessels with lessened inflammation. The Fi + Al + Gi group alleviated the serum level of TNF-α (12.7 ± 0.9 pg/ml), IL-6 (9.6 ± 0.9 pg/ml), IL-8 (19.6 ± 1.0 pg/ml), MMP2 (217.0 ± 9.2 pg/ml), MMP7 (279.0 ± 9.8 pg/ml), and MMP9 (156.0 ± 11.6 pg/ml) significantly as compared to the diabetic control (P ≤ 0.05). TIMP serum level (202.0 ± 6.9 pg/ml) was significantly elevated as compared to the diabetes control group. ConclusionThe present study concludes that the biomaterials in their combinations possess high regenerative and healing abilities.

An effective dosage of neem (Azadirachta indica Juss) and aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) extracts against adult aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) and melon flies (Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillet)

The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficaciousness dosage of aqueous extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica Juss) and aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) at different concentrations (40%, 60%, and 80%) against adult melon flies (Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillet) and aphids (Myzus persicae Sulzer) in laboratory conditions. The experiments were designed and conducted from April to June 2023 at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania. The study found that as extract concentrations increased, there was a noticeable drop in insect survival. The dosage of 80% at 48 hours and 60% at 72 hours were observed to perform better as few were observed to survive. At the highest dosage of 80% and 60%, extracts from neem and aloe vera both resulted to 100% insect mortality. The results highlight the potential of aloe vera and neem extracts to have a positive effect on insect pest management rather than untreated crops.

The evaluation of the Theraputic Effect of Aqueous Extract of Aloe Vera on Entamoeba histolytica in Vivo

Ameobiasis caused by Entameoba spp. It is a zoonotic disease that is the most prevalent. Thus, the study was conducted to evaluate the anti-ameobiasis efficacy of aqueous Aloe vera extracts in comparison with metronidazole in laboratory mice. Stool samples were collected from patients attending in Al-karamah teching Hospital suffering from diarrhea from November 1, 2022 to February 29, 2023, and 15samples were examined for both sexes microscopic by using the lugols iodine Stain to detect infected the parasite's cysts , Isolation and purification by flotation with normal solution and preserved in potassium dichromate for the purpose of using it in causing infection in laboratory mice. The experimental study was conducted on groups of 35 mice by oral administration of parasite cysts within the range of 95 cyst / ml except for the negative control group that was drenched with physiological saline. The feces of mice inoculated with cysts of parasites were microscopically examined using the modified lugols iodine Stain, After the mice were divided into seven groups with the uninfected and untreated group kept as a healthy negative control. The first group which included 21 mice was treated after it was divided into three subgroups A, B, C for each secondary group 7 mice they were treated with aqueous extract of A.vera at different concentrations 50, 100, 150 mg/ml on the respectively, while the second group which included 21 mice on three groups A, B, and C was treated with aqueous extract of A.vera at the previous concentrations for three consecutive days for each concentration. The third group was treated with metronidazole at a concentration of mg/ ml, and the positive control group remained infected with the parasite and was not treated. After treatment a microscopic examination was performed by evaluating the excretion average of parasite cysts using a hematocytometer slide. There was a decrease in the shedding of fecal cysts in the groups treated with aqueous extract at different concentrations, reaching a complete stop when treating with the highest concentrations at the end of the treatment period. Where, the average of shedding of fecal parasite cysts of groups of mice at concentrations 50, 100, 150 mg/ml reached 18.20, 0.200, 0 cyst/ml respectively. while the avrage of shedding of cysts in the group treated with metronidazole reached 60.20 cyst/ml in comparison with the infected positive control group in which the number of cysts continued to increase to 14.863 cyst/ml at the end of the treatment period. The results of the therapeutic efficacy of A.vera extract showed percentages of 82%, 90%, 100% for the aqueous extract at concentrations 50, 100, 150 mg/ml, respectively, while the therapeutic efficacy of metranidazol reached 84% at the end of the treatment period

Overexpression, purification and biochemical studies of Sortase A from Enterococcus faecalis (Ef) and its inhibition studies with Aloenin

Sortase A (SrtA) is a bacterial transpeptidase that garnishes the bacterial surface by adding various virulent factors or proteins by cleaving the LPXTG-specific motif between T and G amino acids. These virulence factors assist in the attachment of host cells, which are essential for bacterial virulence. Enterococcus species are among the multidrug-resistant bacteria that cause nosocomial infections; they have drawn a lot of attention recently. SrtA from E. faecalis (Ef) plays a critical role in pathogenesis, making it a suitable target for the development of antibacterial agents. Since SrtA is not involved in bacterial growth and is present on the surface of bacteria, the probability of developing antibiotic resistance is minimal. In this work, we have done cloning, expression and purification of Ef-SrtA using IMAC (Immobilised Metal Affinity Chromatography) followed by Gel filtration chromatography. Purified Ef-SrtA showed maximum activity at pH-8 and temperature between 45 and 55 °C. The fluorescent assay for kinetic studies of Ef-SrtA showed Vmax 3.852 µM.min−1 and kcat 7.7 × 10−2s−1 for the hydrolysis of substrate using Abz-LPETG-K(Dnp)-NH2. We have selected fifteen Aloe vera extracted compounds and performed virtual screening and docking experiments to identify potential inhibitors against Ef-SrtA. Among fifteen molecules, Aloenin-a which was bound to the active site with a binding energy of -6.1 kcal/mol, interacted with the active site residues, Arg139, Pro105, Leu39, Ala46, and Cys126. Aloenin-a showed a significant inhibitory effect against Ef-SrtA, with an IC50 value of 20.68 µM. Aloenin-a inhibits biofilm formation at concentrations of 20–250 µg/mL. The fibrinogen assay showed adherence to fibrinogen was reduced in the presence of Aloenin-a for E. faecalis. The results demonstrated that Aloe vera extracts containing Aloenin-a can be a significant antagonist of Ef-SrtA.

Effects of Plant Extracts on Growth Promotion, Antioxidant Enzymes, and Secondary Metabolites in Rice (Oryza sativa) Plants

Plant extracts are widely used in sustainable agriculture practices to enhance crop production and reduce chemical usage in agriculture. This study employed several extraction solutions of various plant extracts to synthesize planting and spraying strategies, assess the persistence efficacy of rice, and investigate the influence of selected water extracts on secondary chemicals at different rice planting stages. Among 17 water extracts that were evaluated on rice seeds, 7 were enhanced to align with the lengths of rice roots 50–70% and shoots 40–50%. The analysis of extraction, spraying, and planting experiments revealed that water extracts, soil application, and transplanting were the most efficient methods for stimulating rice growth, especially 0.1 and 0.5% concentrations. The efficacy of the extracts remained intact also after 14 days of treatment. This study showed that photosynthesis and antioxidant activities may play crucial roles in plant growth. Rice growth stimulation has been linked to photosynthesis, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant enzymes, providing a balanced supply of nutrients for plant growth. Among all tested water extracts, Psidium guajava, Aloe vera, Allium sativum, and Medicago sativa extracts can be used to promote plant growth in organic farming.