Alloy Layer Research Articles

A novel rechargeable Magnesium–Air battery using “All in one” Mg anode with high reversibility

Rechargeable Magnesium-Air batteries (RMABs) are attracting significant attention for energy storage due to their uniqueness of high theoretical energy density, inherent safety and low cost. However, the exhibited poor energy efficiency as well as their short lifespan seriously hinder their further development. The main reason is that lacking a suitable electrolyte to balance the different needs of the cathode and anode, which can not only maintain the high reactivity of cathode but also achieving reversible stripping/plating of Mg anode and suppress its side reactions. To this end, we explored a novel “All in one” Mg anode and constructed a 1 M NaOH (aqueous)/“All in one” Mg anode electrolyte system for RMABs with high reversibility and excellent cycle stability. In particular, the unique design of “All in one” Mg anode which integrates Mg alloy layer, solid anolyte layer and ion exchange membrane layer, realizing the efficient reversible charge and discharge cycle of Mg anode in 1 M NaOH solution (catholyte). Thence, the availability of alkaline aqueous catholyte also preserve its high ORR/OER reactivity of air cathode, enabling the designed RMABs owns high energy efficiency 69.7% and long lifespan of 506 h at 1 mA cm−2.

Optimization of Cu/Sn Alloy Sputtering Process Based on Orthogonal Experimental Design Method.

The performance of supercapacitors is directly influenced by the conductivity of polypyrrole, which serves as the electrode material. In order to balance considerations of cost-effectiveness and conductivity, this study employs magnetron sputtering to fabricate a copper-tin alloy layer as the conductive layer for polypyrrole. The deposition of a copper-tin alloy film through magnetron sputtering has a significant impact on the polymerization effect of pyrrole as well as being a crucial factor influencing the performance of supercapacitors. Various parameters, including working pressure, sputtering time, and sputtering power, affect the conductivity of the copper-tin alloy film. Furthermore, the degree of influence of each parameter on the conductivity of the copper-tin alloy film varies. This study utilizes an orthogonal experimental design to investigate the impact of various factors and levels on the conductivity and uniformity of a metal film. The objective is to optimize the process parameters for the creation of a copper-tin alloy film with desirable characteristics. Experimental results indicate that the working voltage, sputtering time, and sputtering power significantly influence the coefficient of variation, deposition rate, target current, and operating voltage of the film. Furthermore, FT-IR, XRD, and SEM tests are conducted on samples prepared using the identified optimal process parameters. In addition, we demonstrate various approaches to enhance the experiment's reliability. The findings indicate that the most favorable process parameters for achieving optimal results are a working pressure of 0.065 Pa, a sputtering time of 20 min, and a sputtering power of 70 W. It was observed that the sputtering time significantly influences the uniformity of the copper-tin alloy film, whereas the sputtering power has a minimal impact on its uniformity. The deposition rate is primarily influenced by the working pressure, with the greatest effect observed. Conversely, the sputtering time has the least impact on the deposition rate. Similarly, the target current is predominantly affected by the sputtering power, exhibiting the greatest influence, while the sputtering time has the least effect. Furthermore, the working voltage is most significantly influenced by the working pressure, whereas the sputtering time has the least impact on the working voltage.

Changes in optical properties of polymeric materials due to atomic oxygen in very low Earth orbit

Atomic oxygen (AO) is the dominant constituent of the residual atmosphere in low Earth orbit (LEO). AO collides with spacecraft at a velocity of 8 km/s, causing oxidation and erosion of polymeric materials. Particularly in very low Earth orbit (VLEO) at altitudes below 300 km, the AO density is at least ten times that at 500–700 km, and the concentration of molecular nitrogen (N2) is 10% or more. Such high-flux AO and N2 can cause nonlinear processes and mass losses for polymers. This study aims to clarify the optical property changes for polymeric materials exposed to LEO and VLEO in the Material Degradation Monitor (MDM) mission onboard the Super-Low-Altitude Test Satellite (SLATS). The AO and N2 fluences and the UV irradiances were estimated using the NRLMSISE-00 atmospheric and solar radiation models. The relationships were investigated between the changes in CCD images and the estimated fluences of the samples. For silsesquioxane (SQ)-coated polyimide film, the diffuse reflection of visible light increased noticeably with an AO fluence above 1 × 1021 atoms/cm2. The formation of a silica layer on the coating induces cracks. For silver-coated FEP films, the diffuse reflection increased entirely at AO fluences above 3 × 1021 atoms/cm2. The AO and N2 collisions would erode and roughen the FEP surfaces. Visible transmission through silver-coated FEP films also increased locally with increasing AO fluence, indicating that some AO oxidized the silver layer despite the presence of an Inconel (Ni alloy) layer. The visible reflection from Beta Cloth was decreased by its reaction with UV. Further, the competitive reactions with UV and AO resulted in two-step changes in the visible reflection from the ETFE polymer (cable covering).

Atomic‐Scale Observations of the Immiscible Melted Metals Confined in a Single‐Atom Layer

Elucidating how changing of the dimensionality affects the property of the matter is the key challenge problem of the nanoscience. In particular, it has recently been reported that 2D liquids have fundamentally different dynamic properties to 3D liquids. Herein, the ultimate physical limit is addressed, when the liquid is confined to a single‐atom layer. The case has been realized with the Tl–Pb alloy layer grown on Si(111) substrate terminated by a single‐layer . At room temperature, the alloy behaves as a system of the immiscible melted metals confined in a single‐atom layer. In the scanning tunneling microscopy observation, Tl and Pb arrays have different contrasts that allows a direct visualization of evolution of the forming structures within atomic layer, as a function of the time and layer composition. In particular, it has been found that the structures look much like the Turing patterns. The obtained experimental dataset, especially the recorded STM videos, is believed to provide a hint for the prospective theoretical understanding of the dynamics of the single‐atom‐thick liquids.

Effect of different chromium contents on microstructure and two-body abrasive wear behavior of Fe-Mn-B surfacing alloys

In this study, the effects of different Cr content on the microstructure, impact properties, and wear resistance of Fe-Mn-B wear-resistant surfacing alloy layers were investigated using plasma powder surfacing technology. The results indicate that the addition of Cr does not alter the phase of the surfacing alloy layer. Cr is primarily found in solid solution within the primary phase, with a small amount in the eutectic structure. The primary phase transforms from (Mn,Fe)2B to (Mn,Fe,Cr)2B, and the eutectic structure shifts from small blocks to lamellar (Mn,Fe,Cr)2B + γ-Fe. The incorporation of Cr increases the impact energy of the surfacing alloy layer, with the highest impact energy of 44.8 J/cm2 observed in the sample containing high Mn content and Cr. The fracture mode transitions from brittle fracture to a combination of brittle and ductile fracture. The addition of Cr promotes the precipitation of the primary crystal phase, enhancing its microhardness and consequently improving the macrohardness of the surfacing alloy layer. The macrohardness increases from 59.5 HRC in the low Mn content sample without Cr to 63.8 HRC in the high Mn content sample with 6.36 wt% Cr. The increased toughness and hardness of the primary phase, along with the transformation of the eutectic structure to lamellar, allow the primary phase to better resist abrasive particle indentation. As a result, the wear resistance of the surfacing alloy layer under two loads is significantly improved.

Insightful studies of AuCu nanostructures deposited on Ti platform: Effect of rapid thermal annealing on photoelectrochemical activity supported by synchrotron radiation studies

In this work, we present the influence of annealing atmospheres during rapid thermal annealing (40 °C/s) on nanostructured Ti platforms modified by 10 nm layer of AuCu alloy obtained via magnetron sputtering. The AuCu/Ti platform annealed under hydrogen atmosphere exhibits the best photoelectrochemical activity under visible light, i.e. 27 times higher photocurrent than for pure Ti dimpled platform, and the lowest reflectance with minimum at ca. 750 nm. Synchrotron radiation studies allow for inspection in three zones, such as the upper (2–3 nm) and deeper (5–7 nm) surface layers as well as the bulk structure (12–15 nm). Taking into account hydrogenated AuCu/Ti platforms gold presence was confirmed in the upper and deeper surface layers as well as in bulk whereas AuxCuy nanoalloy only in the deeper layer. In the case of copper, Cu2O or Cu were distinguished in the upper and deeper surface layers, where Cu+1/Cutot ratio reaches 70 % in the upper layer and drops to about 40 % at a depth of 5–7 nm. Hydrogenation has a positive effect on photovoltaic performance by efficient acceptor–donor configuration of AuCu doping on/into TiO2 semiconductor showing its potential ability as photoanode in solar cells.

Electrospark Cu[sbnd]Ti coatings on titanium alloy Ti6Al4V: Corrosion and wear properties

Nowadays, copper-titanium coatings have invited extensive attention from researchers in the surface modification of industrial and biomedical materials due to their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. The electrospark deposition technique was used for CuTi coatings deposition on the Ti6Al4V alloy by processing in a mixture of copper and titanium granules at a copper concentration from 10 to 90 at.%. For the first time, electrospark CuTi coatings with a wide range of copper and titanium ratios are obtained on Ti6Al4V titanium alloy. It is revealed that both cathode mass gain and coatings thickness rise with the copper concentration increase in the mixture of granules. According to EDS analysis, the copper concentration in the coating linearly grew with a growth of its content in the mixture of granules. According to the data of X-ray analysis, intermetallic compounds were found in the structure of the coatings: CuTi3, CuTi, Cu4Ti3, and Cu3Ti. Detected phases provide the coating microhardness up to 6.7 GPa. Polarization tests in 3.5 % NaCl solution showed corrosion resistance growth with a copper content decrease in CuTi coatings. The oxidation resistance at a temperature of 900 °C grows with an increasing copper concentration in the coating structure. Cu-enriched sublayer is formed on upper layers of Ti6Al4V alloy after CuTi coating oxidation at 900 °C. The wear rate of the coated samples as a function of copper concentration had the form of a parabola, with a minimum for the coating made in an equimolar mixture of copper and titanium. The use of electrospark CuTi coatings makes it possible to increase the wear resistance of the Ti6Al4V alloy surface up to 11 times.

XPS Characterization of TiO2 Nanotubes Growth on the Surface of the Ti15Zr15Mo Alloy for Biomedical Applications.

Ti15Zr15Mo (TMZ alloy) has been studied in recent years for biomedical applications, mainly due to phase beta formation. From the surface modification, it is possible to associate the volume and surface properties with a better biomedical response. This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of using anodization to obtain TiO2 nanotubes due to the presence of valve-type metal (Zr) in their composition. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed to determine the surface chemical composition in both after-processing conditions (passive layer) and after-processing plus anodization (TiO2 nanotube growth). The anodization resulted in nanotubes with diameters and thicknesses of 126 ± 35 and 1294 ± 193 nm, respectively, and predominated anatase phase. Compared to the passive layer of titanium, which is less than ~10 nm, the oxide layer formed was continuous and thicker. High-resolution spectra revealed that the oxide layer of the element alloys contained different oxidation states. The major phase in all depths for the nanotube samples was TiO2. While the stable form of each oxide was found to predominate on the surface, the inner part of the oxide layer consisted of suboxides and metallic forms. This composition included different oxidation states of the substrate elements Ti, Zr, and Mo.

Tribological Performance and In Situ-Generated Oxidative Layer of Cobalt-Based Alloy From 25 °C to 800 °C

AbstractThe friction and wear performances of Haynes 25 alloy sliding against Si3N4 in a ball-on-disk configuration are investigated from room temperature (RT) to 800 °C. The friction-induced changes of morphology and chemical composition in the surface and subsurface regions of the wear tracks were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the friction coefficient (COF) decreases considerably via temperature, while the wear-rate increases and then decreases with temperature. During dry-sliding contact, the spontaneous formation of multiple metal oxides on the rubbing surface varies as a function of the test temperature, being responsible for either wear loss and/or a change of friction coefficient. The results of this study indicate that the presence of the glazed surface of Haynes 25 helps to lower friction. At 800 °C, a glaze layer with a multilayer structure appears on the rubbing surfaces, leading to the lowest friction coefficient and wear-rate.

Evaluation of Effect of Ti Addition to Zinc Bath on Kinetics of Growth of Alloy Layer Formed in Process of Hot-Dip Galvanisation on Steel Substrate.

Faced with the raw material crisis in Zn resources, researchers are facing the challenge of developing technology for producing zinc coatings that are thinner than those that have been produced to date. This would make it possible to reduce Zn consumption in the hot-dip galvanisation process. The study included an experiment that involved dip galvanising steel samples in baths of different Ti concentrations; this process was carried out at 450 °C and 550 °C. The use of this additive made it possible to reduce the growth of the alloy layer in the obtained zinc coatings. Using an optical microscope, observations were made of the microstructures of the resulting coatings, which made it possible to determine the thickness of the alloy layer in the coating. Thanks to the use of scanning electron microscopy with EDS analysis, however, it was possible to plot the chemical composition of the studied coatings and accurately observe the morphology of the formed phases. An intermetallic Zn-Fe-Ti phase was observed in the coatings formed in a Ti-added bath, which can affect the growth inhibition of the alloy layer in the zinc coating.

THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE EXTRACTION PROCESS WITH THINNING BIMETALLIC TUBULAR ELEMENTS OF DISSIMILAR METALS AND ALLOYS

The article proposes a scheme of the process of manufacturing bimetallic tubular elements by extraction a cylindrical cup of two dissimilar metals without thinning and extraction with thinning cup. At the same time, in the process of extraction in the heated state, the layers of dissimilar metals and alloys are connected and the desired shape of the product is obtained. A mathematical model of deformation of the process of joint extraction with thinning of two dissimilar metals with heating in a flat deformed state is developed. The influence of the deformation value on the dispersion of mechanical energy by bimetal was revealed.

The Microstructure, Hardness, Phase Transformation and Mechanical Properties of a NiTi Coating Applied to Graphite Substrate via a Plasma Spraying Process

In this study, Ni50Ti50 powder was coated on the surface of graphite substrate (C) via a plasma spraying process using a radio frequency inductively coupled plasma reactor. The coating was carried out using 12- and 9-kW power under Ar atmosphere. The cross-section of coating layers and the surface were examined with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrum (EDX), and X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) analyses and microhardness test. The thickness and quality of the coating increased with the input power. Many pores were detected in the cross-sectional surface areas. Higher input power caused a better coating layer of NiTi alloy. The hardness of the coating layer decreases with higher input power.

Microstructure Evolution of the Near-Surface Deformed Layer and Corrosion Behavior of Hot Rolled AA7050 Aluminum Alloy.

The current study investigates the influence of hot rolling on the microstructure evolution of the near-surface region on AA7050 aluminum alloy and the corrosion performance of the alloy. It is revealed that hot rolling resulted in grain refinement in the near-surface region, caused by dynamic recrystallization, and equiaxed grains less than 500 nm can be clearly observed. Fibrous grains were evident in the hot rolled AA7050 aluminum alloy with relatively lower rolling temperature or larger rolling reduction, caused by the more severe elemental segregation at grain boundaries, which inhibited the progression of dynamic recrystallization. The density of the precipitates in the fibrous grain layer was higher, compared with those in the equiaxed grain layer, due to the increased dislocation density, combined with more severe elemental segregation, which significantly promoted the nucleation of precipitates. With the co-influence exerted by low density of precipitates and dislocations on the improvement of the corrosion performance of the alloy, the rolled AA7050 alloy with decreased density of precipitates and dislocations exhibited better corrosion resistance.

Flexible magnetoelectric sensor and nonvolatile memory based on magnetization-graded Ni/FSMA/PMN-PT multiferroic heterostructure

Flexible multiferroic heterostructures are promising to unveil technological developments in wearable magnetic field sensing, nonvolatile memory, soft robotics, and portable energy harvesters. Here, we report an enhanced and a zero-biased magnetoelectric (ME) effect in flexible, cost-effective, and room temperature sensitive Ni/FSMA/PMN-PT magnetization-graded ME heterostructure. Flexible Ni foil with −q (piezomagnetic coefficient) and the ferromagnetic shape memory alloy (FSMA; Ni-Mn-In) layer with +q offers the desired q-grading. The temperature-dependent dielectric behavior shows an anomaly in the martensite transformation regime of the FSMA layer. The Ni/FSMA/PMN-PT ME heterostructure exhibits noteworthy ME output of ∼3.7 V/cm Oe, significantly higher than Ni/PMN-PT (∼1 V/cm Oe). The q-grading-induced bending moment impedes the asymmetry-related flexural strain and strengthens the ME interaction. The zero-bias ME output of ∼0.4 V/cm Oe is ascribed to the interaction between q-grading-induced transverse magnetization and AC magnetic field. Ni/Ni-Mn-In/PMN-PT ME heterostructure displays excellent magnetic field sensing parameters: correlation coefficient, sensitivity, inaccuracy, and hysteresis of 0.99916, ∼0.74 mV/Oe, 1.5% full-scale output (FSO), and 1.8% FSO, respectively. The reversible and repeatable nonvolatile switching of the ME coefficient obtained with positive and negative electric fields is useful for next-generation memory devices. The flexible ME heterostructure shows no degradation in performance up to 1500 bending cycles. Such Ni/FSMA/PMN-PT based ME heterostructures are propitious for multifunctional flexible magnetic field sensors and nonvolatile memory applications.

The Effect of the Iridium Alloying and Hydrogen Sorption on the Physicochemical and Electrochemical Properties of Palladium.

Thin layers (up to 1 µm) of Pd-Ir alloys were electrodeposited from aqueous, galvanic baths of PdCl2 and IrCl3 mixtures. The morphology of the electrodeposits was examined by means of scanning electron microscopy. The composition of alloys was determined with the use of energy-dispersive spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Auger electron spectroscopy. For the studies of the electrochemical properties of alloys, cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and chronopotentiometry were used. It was found that Pd-Ir alloy electrodes were surface-enriched with Pd. Pd-Ir alloys subjected to different electrochemical treatment involving hydrogen sorption changed their surface state. The continuous hydrogen sorption enhanced the Ir ions' dissolution. The values of thermodynamic functions of hydrogen sorption in strong alkaline electrolytes were comparable with those in acidic electrolytes, whereas the kinetics of the process in alkaline medium was hindered. The miscibility gap in the Pd-Ir-H system vanished for the electrode containing ca. 93.7 at.% Pd.

Pulsed TIG Cladding of a Highly Carbon-, Chromium-, Molybdenum-, Niobium-, Tungsten- and Vanadium-Alloyed Flux-Cored Wire Electrode on Duplex Stainless Steel X2CrNiMoN 22-5-3

The hardfacing process aims to increase the life span of structural components in the petrochemical, mining, nuclear and automotive industries. During operation, these components are subject to demands of abrasion wear, cavitation erosion and corrosion. Duplex stainless steels are characterized by high mechanical characteristics and corrosion resistance, but poor behavior to abrasive wear and cavitation erosion. The improvement in wear resistance is possible by selecting and depositing a special alloy on the surface using a joining technique that ensures a metallurgical bonding between the layer and the substrate. The experimental investigations carried out in this work demonstrate the ability of the TIG pulsed welding process to produce layers with good functional properties for engineering surfaces. The “Corodur 65” alloy was deposited on a duplex-stainless-steel substrate, X2CrNiMoN22-5-3, using a series of process parameters that allowed for the control of the cooling rate and heat input. The properties of the deposited layers are influenced not only by the chemical composition, but also by the dilution degree value. Since the deposition of layers through the welding operation can be considered as a process with several inputs and outputs, the control of the input parameters in the process aims at finishing the granulation and the structure in the fusion zone as well as limiting the segregation phenomena. The aim of this work is to investigate the microstructural characteristics of the iron-based alloy layer, Corodur 65, deposited via pulsed current TIG welding on duplex X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 stainless-steel substrates.

Active Screen Plasma-Enabled Metal Alloying for Stable Zinc Metal Growth toward Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Active-screen plasma (ASP) has attracted much attention as a versatile and powerful surface engineering method owing to its simple setup, low temperature, eco-friendliness, treatment uniformity, ability to deposit nano/microparticles with sputtering targets, and capability for controlling the chemical composition and morphology of the deposition layer. Recent investigations have shown that ASP technology has been used to treat various electrode materials for excellent electrochemical performance. This work demonstrates the feasibility of ASP technology to construct an artificial alloy layer on host materials and serve as promising Zn anode supports. We reveal the effect of some controllable or measurable variables on the formed alloy layer and discuss the core process of ASP-enabled metal alloying. Attractively, a stable and uniform Cu5Zn8 alloy layer with good zincophilic can effectively reduce the energy barrier of Zn nucleation and guide uniform Zn nucleation, which alleviates the dendritic growth during Zn deposition. Consequently, the Cu5Zn8-modified Cu host as the Zn anode support displays a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.5%, a lower overpotential of 45 mV, and a longer cycling life over 330 h. The assembled full cells deliver an exceptional capacity of 114 mA h g-1 after 500 cycles with a capacity retention of 68%. This work provides an idea for constructing a stable Zn deposition interface and promotes the development of ASP technology.

High-entropy two-dimensional metal phosphorus trichalcogenides boost high-performance potassium ion storage devices via electrochemical reconstruction

We investigate the influence of configurational entropy on the cycling performance of 2D metal phosphorus trichalcogenides (MPS3) when utilized as anodes in potassium-ion devices. High yield, two-dimensional high-entropy CoVMnFeZnPS3 (HEPS3) with thickness ranging from 6 to 10 nm was synthesized via a vacuum solid-state method. HEPS3 enables efficient potassium-ion transport and intercalation at the interface of electrodes, thanks to the high-entropy effects arising from the interaction of various metal ions on the K+ binding energy. HEPS3 potassium-ion anodes outperform their medium-entropy (CoMnFePS3 (ME3PS3) and CoMnFeZnPS3 (ME4PS3)), CoFePS3 (LE2PS3), and FePS3 (LEPS3) counterparts, exhibiting a high reversible capacity of 524 mAh g−1, impressive high-rate capability up to 10 A g−1, and exceptional cycling stability over 1000 cycles. Our findings indicate that the electrochemical reconstruction of HEPS3 during cycling is crucial for achieving high-performance potassium-ion batteries. In situ-formed metal alloy layers act as catalysts, offering not only suitable adsorption energy to prevent the shuttle effect but also promoting the complete conversion of polysulfides. Furthermore, cations uniformly dispersed across the 2D plane create a "lattice distortion effect," imparting the structure with high mechanical stability and allowing for even distribution of internal stress generated in the electrode during the K+ insertion/extraction process, which in turn suppresses electrode pulverization and prevents the aggregation of MPCh3 layers. This work proposes a novel strategy for significantly enhancing potassium-ion storage performance through the electrochemical activation of high-entropy layered metal phosphides, thus opening a new horizon of 2D material design principle in energy storage devices.

Passivation of a Conductive System of Integrated Circuits with a Layer of Aluminum Nitride

Passivation of the film conductive system of integrated circuits makes it more reliable by increasing the resistance to electromigration. The problem of manufacturing a passivating layer on the formed current-conducting system of an integrated circuit, obtained in a single technological cycle, including isotropic plasma-chemical etching of an aluminum alloy layer to a depth of 8–12 nm and isotropic plasma-chemical nitriding of the surface of the obtained current-carrying tracks until the aluminum nitride thickness from 10 to 50 nm, is considered. This task makes it possible to form a dielectric film based on silicon dioxide on a silicon substrate with active regions, etch contact windows to active elements of the substrate in the dielectric film, deposit a barrier layer 0.005–0.050 µm thick, and deposit an aluminum alloy film 0.5–2.0 um and much more.

Selective alloying of pure aluminum with varying amounts of magnesium using friction stir processing for improved mechanical and corrosion-resistant properties

This study investigates the effects of adding different amounts of Mg to the surface of pure Al substrate using friction stir processing (FSP) technique to prepare Al–Mg solid solutions. For this purpose, machined grooves on the surface of the pure Al plates were filled by bulk Mg blocks and FSPed to form Al–Mg solid solution layers with ∼2.0, 4.5, and 33.9 at.% Mg. The chemical composition, microstructure, and surface Volta potential of the surface alloyed layers were studied by SEM/EDS, XRD, and SKPFM, respectively. The results revealed that incorporating Mg into the Al substrate causes a considerable refinement of the microstructure, resulting in a significant increase in Vickers hardness number from 25 to 208.4 HV (∼734% increase). As the Mg content in the alloyed layer increased, a transition from a single-phase solid solution structure to a dual-phase structure was observed. Based on the potentiodynamic polarization results, it is evident that the corrosion resistance of the single-phase alloyed layer can match that of marine-grade aluminum alloys.