Allium sativumL Research Articles

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SELECTED SPICE EXTRACTS ON ESCHERICHIA COLI,SALMONELLA SPP.,AND LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES

The study determined antimicrobial activity using the Disc-diffusion method and extracts of three plants: garlic (Allium sativumL.), turmeric (Curcuma longaL.), and parsley (Petroselinum crispumL.) on Escherichia coli, Salmonella ssp. and Listeria monocytogenes. These pathogens have attracted the attention of numerous agencies and researchers,because of the negative impact on food and human health -and because of the impact of disease development on the economy. These studies are necessary and represent potential natural antimicrobial drugs, and due to the resistance of bacteria to known antibiotics, there is a constant increase in global consumer demand for natural ingredients. The tested plant extracts showed excellent antibacterial activity in all three replicates on Escherichia coliwith an average inhibition zone of 21,86 mm and were characterized as ***S -sensitive for the mentioned bacterium. With an average zone of inhibition of 19,052 mm, Curcuma longashowed the strongest effect on the tested bacterium Salmonella enteritidis, which tells us that this bacteria is very sensitive to the extract of the mentioned plant. The study identified zones of inhibition of very low values (˃ 8 mm) in all three tested extracts: Allium sativumL., Curcuma longaL. Petroselinum crispumL., and Listeria monocytogenes.KEYWORDS:Antimicrobial activity, extract, Disc-diffusion method

Microwave-assisted extraction proof-of-concept for phenolic phytochemical recovery from Allium Sativum L. (Amaryllidaceous): Optimal process condition evaluation, scale-up computer-aided simulation and profitability risk analysis

Allium Sativum L. (ASL) extract is one of the medicinal and aromatic products used in pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and perfumery industries. The scientific literature bibliography regarding process scale-up simulation and techno-economics of phenolic extract from ASL Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) is seldom reported. This study presented optimization and techno-economics of phenolic recovery from ASL extraction. Box-benken design extraction experiment was conducted at irradiation power (520 W – 1040 W), extraction time (2- 10 min) and solid-liquid ratio (0.4 – 1 g/100 ml). The extraction conditions that optimized experimental extractible yield and Total Phenolic Content (TPC) evaluated in Box-benken desirability of Response Surface Methodology. Bioactive finger printing of the extract was analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC). Aspen Batch Process Developer was used for the process techno-economic analysis; profitability uncertainty was analyzed using Monte-Carlo Simulation (MCS). Optimal extractible yield (28.62%) and TPC (76.8 mgGAE/g dry extract) were obtained at irradiation time 7.62 min, microwave power 826.67 Watt (63.6%) with solid-liquid ratio 0.55g/100 ml. The HPLC fingerprint revealed bentulinic acid, galic acid, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid and ferulic acid. Cost of Manufacturing (COM) for 5L, 50L and 500L extractors gave US$ 1,480, US$ 220 and US$ 56 respectively. Techno-economic results of 500L extraction capacity with 900 kg/year design gave batch size (0.25 kg), production rate (2 kg/min), cycle time (125 min), discounted net present value (38,133 US$), rate of return (34%) and pay back time (2.94yrs). MCS results show high certainties of achieving base case profitability indices. The study shows that MAE of garlic powder is economically feasible.

Characterization of antioxidant, anti-cancer, and immunomodulatory functions of partially purified garlic (Allium sativum L.) lectin

Introduction and Aim: The metabolic and oxidative stress induces highly reactive free radicals that are known to harm normal physiology and play a role in the development of cancer. Elevated levels of these free radicals contribute to excessive neovascularization leading to angiogenesis mediated cancer progression. Targeting these free radicals through dietary source is important strategy in regulation of cancer. Allium sativum L. (AsL) garlic has important multi pharmacological properties. On the other hand, dietary lectins are proven to be the best anti-cancer molecules. The study presents investigation that focus to assess the antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anticancer activities of partially purified garlic lectin (PPAsL). Materials and Methods: Fresh garlic bulbs were processed and evaluated for lectin induced HA activity. Further the garlic lectins (AsL) were partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and dialysis and analyzed through SDS-PAGE. Further lectins were characterized by producing Anti-AsL polyclonal antibodies and purification by affinity chromatography. Pharmacological evaluations of the lectins were assessed through antioxidant, anti-proliferative and antiangiogenic mediated anti-cancer activity. Results: Lectin positive activity was confirmed by HA activity and partial purification lectin identified ?12kDa protein having Glc/Man glycan specificity. The polyclonal antibodies raised against PPAsL, confirmed that it has potent immunogen. Pharmacological evaluation confirmed that PPAsL has potent antioxidant, antiangiogenic and antiproliferative effect both in-vitro and in-vivo. Conclusion: PPAsL is potent antioxidant, anti-proliferative and anti-cancer molecule. The dietary recommendation of the garlic lectin is an important therapeutic strategy against the cancer.

Effects of Nigella sativa, Camellia sinensis, and Allium sativum as Food Additives on Metabolic Disorders, a Literature Review.

Objective: Metabolic disorders (MD) can disturb intracellular metabolic processes. A metabolic disorder can be resulted from enzyme deficits or disturbances in function of various organs including the liver, kidneys, pancreas, cardiovascular system, and endocrine system. Some herbs were used traditionally for spices, food additives, dietary, and medicinal purposes. Medicinal plants possess biological active compounds that enhance human health. We aimed to provide evidence about therapeutic effects of some medicinal herbs on MD. Data Sources: PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were explored for publications linked to MD until February 2021. The most literature reports that were published in the last 10 years were used. All types of studies such as animal studies, clinical trials, and in vitro studies were included. The keywords included “Metabolic disorders,” “Nigella sativa L.,” “Thymoquinone,” “White tea”OR “Camellia sinensis L.” “catechin,” and “Allium sativum L.” OR “garlic” were searched. Results: Based on the results of scientific studies, the considered medicinal plants and their active components in this review have been able to exert the beneficial therapeutic effects on obesity, diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Conclusions: These effects are obvious by inhibition of lipid peroxidation, suppression of inflammatory reactions, adjustment of lipid profile, reduction of adipogenesis and regulation of blood glucose level.

Identification of Garlic virus A infecting Allium sativum L. through next generation sequencing technology

ABSTRACT Garlic virus A (GarV-A) severely damages and reduces the yield of economically important garlic crop worldwide. Here, we present the first comprehensive view of GarV-A infecting Yamuna Safed-3 (G282) of garlic (Allium sativumL.) variety from India at the complete genome sequence level. RNA-seq was performed on an Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform to obtain the full length GarV-A genome and analysed by different software and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed the presence of the GarV-A. The virus complete genome consists of 8,793 nucleotides (nt), excluding the poly (A) tail at the 3ʹ terminus, with 5ʹ and 3ʹ untranslated regions (UTRs) of 193 and 123 nt, respectively. Genome analysis of GarV-A Indian isolate shared higher nucleic acid and amino acid sequence identity to Chinese isolates than to Australian and Spanish isolates. Further RDP analysis showed that the Indian GarV-A (MT731489) isolate was found to be recombinant with most part of the RNA segment is derived from China GarV-E isolate (MN059326) as the minor parent and the Russia ShV-X (JX310755) isolate as the major parent. More research is needed to determine the outspread of this particular recombinant virus. This is the first report of the complete genome sequence and evidence of homologous recombination in of GarV-A from India.

Heavy metal concentration in commonly sold stem vegetables in Dhaka city market and probable health risk

The present study was carried out to assess the concentration of chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in four stem vegetables such as Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), Garlic (Allium sativumL.) and Onion (Allium cepa L.) by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Average daily intake (ADI), hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) were also estimated to assess the human health risks posed by heavy metals from the consumption of the studied vegetables. The studied stem vegetable samples were collected in four phases from Kawran Bazar fresh vegetable market of Dhaka city of Bangladesh. Mean concentrations of Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn in the studied stem vegetables ranged between 0.88 to 2.35, 0.08 to 0.15, 0 to 2.25, 0 to 3.30, 5.70 to 9.85, 18.83 to 40.67, 50.60 to 456.38 and 9.23 to 852.35 mg/kg of dry weight, respectively. Mean concentration of maximum permissible limit (MPL) exceed in onion for Cr, in potato and onion for Pb and in ginger for Fe, Ni and Mn. Average daily intake was found to be lower than the maximum permitted tolerable daily intake in most cases except for Mn (26.475 mg/person/day) for consumption Ginger. Hazard quotient of Mn for dietary intake of Ginger (3.152) and hazard indices of Ginger (4.626), Garlic (1.183) and Onion (1.069) exceeded unity, signifying potential health risks from the dietary intake of these vegetables. This study suggests regular monitoring of heavy metals in vegetables to avoid the potential health hazards on human.
 Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 30(2): 221-232, 2021 (July)

Genetic diversity among Chinese and Egyptian garlic (Allium sativumL.) germplasm accessions based on 19 morphological traits and 16 new microsatellites marker

Genetic diversity among Chinese and Egyptian garlic (Allium sativumL.) germplasm accessions based on 19 morphological traits and 16 new microsatellites marker

Ethanolic Garlic Extract (Allium sativumL) Increased Viability and Proliferation of Human Gingival Fibroblast In Vitro

Introduction: Garlic is a natural herb which can be used to be a good alternative treatment because cheap and safe. Garlic contains allicin which may has act antibacterial and antiinflammatory effect. Moreover, garlic extract has a good biocompatibility and can stimulate cell growth. Does garlic extract biocompatible and can stimulate cell growth that is seen from the proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts and how its work will be studied.Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the biocompatibility of garlic extract by observing the viability and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts in vitro.Methods: Biocompatibility test was conducted using serial concentration of garlic extract. Human gingival fibroblasts was seeded into 96 microwell plate with density of 2x103 cells, added with the fourteen serial concentration of garlic extract, and incubated in 37o C and 5% CO2for 24, 48 and 72 hours. MTT assay was used to analyze the viability and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal Wallis and U Mann-Whitney test.Results: The result showed that in each time of observation, there is no significant difference in viability fibroblast (p>0,05), but there are significant difference between time of observation at 24, 48, and 72 hours (p <0.05).Data showed that all concentration of garlic extract increased the viability and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts.Conclusions: The ethanolic garlic extract has a good biocompatibility to human gingival fibroblasts culture cell and can stimulate the proliferation of human gingival fibroblast.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(4) 2018 p.556-561

Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles using Aqueous Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Extract, and Its Interaction Study with Melamine

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been successfully prepared by green synthesis method using aqueous extract of garlic with the Latin name of Allium sativum L. (ASL) as a reducing and stabilizing agents. Identification of active compounds in aqueous ASL extract was conducted by phytochemical analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, while the synthesized AuNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and transmission electron microscopy-selected area electron diffraction (TEM-SAED). The AuNPs formation was optimized at aqueous ASL extract concentration of 0.05%, HAuCl4 concentration of 2.0×10-4 M, and pH of 3.6. The optimized AuNPs was characterized using TEM, and has a spherical shape with particle size of 15±3 nm. The particles were also stable up until one month. The synthesized AuNPs has been studied its interaction with melamine, and showed the optimum pH of interaction at 3.6.

Inhibition of α-Glucosidase by Thiosulfinate as a Target for Glucose Modulation in Diabetic Rats.

Postprandial hyperglycemia is a predisposing factor for vascular dysfunction and organ damage. α-glucosidase is a hydrolytic enzyme that increases the glucose absorption rate and subsequently elevates blood glucose levels. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a rich source of several phytonutrients, including thiosulfinate (THIO). The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of THIO, a potent inhibitor of intestinal α-glucosidase, to reduce postprandial blood glucose. Male albino rats were randomly assigned to five different groups (n = 10/group). Group 1 served as the control group. Groups 2–5 were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes. Group 2 comprised untreated diabetic rats. Groups 3 and 4 contained diabetic rats that were given THIO orally (20 mg/kg body weight/day and 40 mg/kg body weight/day, resp.). Group 5 was the positive control having diabetic rats treated orally with acarbose (10 mg/kg body weight/day; positive control). Diabetic rats treated with THIO displayed a significant blood glucose reduction (p < 0.001 and < 0.01 by analysis of variance, resp.) and a significant elevation in insulin compared with that of untreated rats. THIO is an effective noncompetitive intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitor that promotes hypoglycemic action (p < 0.001) in STZ-injected rats. THIO is a promising agent for the management of postprandial hyperglycemia.

Survey of viruses belonging to different genera and species in noble garlic in Brazil

Garlic (Allium sativumL.) is a host to several viruses, most commonly those belonging to theAllexivirus,Carlavirus, orPotyvirusgenera. Nine species distributed among these three genera have been reported in Brazil: two species within carlaviruses, two within potyviruses, and five within allexiviruses. To quantify the prevalence of these viruses, young leaves from 520 plants (plants either symptomatic or asymptomatic) were collected from commercial fields grown in four Brazilian states and analyzed using universal and species-specific primers via the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Potyvirus presence was positive in 306 samples (81 %), 151 of them (38 %) in mixed infections with other viruses. The most frequent potyviruses wereOnion yellow dwarf virus(OYDV, 56 %) andLeek yellow stripe virus(LYSV, 55 %). 187 samples (49 %) were positive for allexivirus, with 33 (9 %) showing single infections and 154 (41 %) showing mixed infections withGarlic virus A (GarV-A),Garlic virus B(GarV-B),Garlic virus C(GarV-C),Garlic virus D(GarV-D), and species belonging to theCarlavirus andPotyvirusgenera. The predominant species in which allexiviruses were found were GarV-A and GarV-D. Only 15 samples (4 %) were infected solely by a carlavirus, and 63 (17 %) showed mixed infections with viruses from different genera. The dominant species of carlavirus wasGarlic commom latent virus(GarCLV). Carlaviruses and allexiviruses are frequently associated with mixed infections with potyviruses, whereas mixed infections with carlaviruses and allexiviruses are rare. About 70 % of the plants collected were positive for at least one species of virus.

Variability and Correlation Studies in Garlic (Allium sativumL.) Germplasm Collected from Different Parts of Jammu

Present investigations were carried out at Experimental Area-I, Division of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, SKUAST-Jammu, Chatha during rabi season of 2012–13. The analysis of variance revealed significant difference among the genotypes for all the traits studied except for number of leaves/plant, leaf length, dry matter content, total soluble solids and equatorial diameter indicating greater variability in the germplasm. In general, estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) were found higher in magnitude than corresponding genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV). PCV and GCV were high for pseudo stem diameter, plant height, average weight of cloves, average bulb weight, yield/ha and leaf length. High estimates of heritability were obtained for plant height, average weight of cloves, average bulb weight, number of leaves, equatorial diameter, leaf length and low for total soluble solids and dry matter content. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for plant height, average weight of cloves, average weight of bulb and yield/ha, suggesting additive gene action that can be improved through direct selection. Average bulb weight (g) showed positive and significant correlation with number of leaves/plant, leaf length (cm), average weight of cloves (g), equatorial diameter (cm), while it was negative and significantly correlated with total soluble solids (oB) hence indicating genetic improvement of bulb yield in garlic by putting positive selection pressure on various characters like number of leaves/plant, leaf length, average weight of cloves and equatorial diameter of bulbs.

Allium sativum L. Improves Visual Memory and Attention in Healthy Human Volunteers.

Studies have shown that Allium sativum L. (AS) protects amyloid-beta peptide-induced apoptosis, prevents oxidative insults to neurons and synapses, and thus prevent Alzheimer's disease progression in experimental animals. However, there is no experimental evidence in human regarding its putative role in memory and cognition. We have studied the effect of AS consumption by healthy human volunteers on visual memory, verbal memory, attention, and executive function in comparison to control subjects taking placebo. The study was conducted over five weeks and twenty volunteers of both genders were recruited and divided randomly into two groups: A (AS) and B (placebo). Both groups participated in the 6 computerized neuropsychological tests of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) twice: at the beginning and after five weeks of the study. We found statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in several parameters of visual memory and attention due to AS ingestion. We also found statistically nonsignificant (p > 0.05) beneficial effects on verbal memory and executive function within a short period of time among the volunteers. Study for a longer period of time with patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases might yield more relevant results regarding the potential therapeutic role of AS.

Polysaccharide from garlic straw: extraction, structural data, biological properties and application to beef meat preservation

A novel polysaccharide (GSP) was isolated from garlic straw (Allium sativumL.) by hot water technique.

Effect of inorganic and biofertilizer on growth and yield of garlic (Allium sativumL.)

The experiment was carried out at Horticulture Research Station, Mondouri, BCKV, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal during the years 2011–12 and 2012–13. The cloves were planted during middle of the October in 2.0 x 1.5 m plot at 20 x 15 cm spacing with three replications. Two nitrogen fixing biofertilizers (Azospirillum lipoferum and Azotobacter chrococcum) and two phosphatic biofertilizers [vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (Glomus fasciculatum) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus polymixa)] and one potassic solubilizer (Fraturia aurantea) were included. Biofertilizers were applied @ 6 g per plot with 250 g well rotten farm yard manure. Three levels of recommended dose of NPK i. e. 100, 75 and 50% were included. Two-way combinations of both nitrogenous and phosphatic biofertilizers were followed with each level of inorganic fertilizers which results in 12 treatment combinations having potassic solubilizer common to all treatments. Full dose of recommended fertilizer was applied alone i. e. altogether 13 treatments. The maximum plant height (75.42 cm) and longest root (7.92 cm) were observed in NPK (100%)+Azotobacter+PSB+KS. The maximum leaf number (11.45), number of roots (98.46), bulb weight (29.16 g), plot yield (2.85 kg/3 m2) and projected yield (7.12 t/ha) were noticed in NPK (100%)+Azospirillum+PSB+KS. The next best treatment in respect of projected yield was NPK (100%)+Azotobacter+PSB+KS (6.64 t/ha) followed by NPK (75%)+ Azospirillum+PSB+KS (6.28 t/ha). The results also indicated the chance of reduction of 25% of inorganic fertilizer through inoculations of biofertilizers.

Introducción y multiplicación in vitrodel cultivo de ajo variedad Morado Barranquino

We determine the effect of modified culture medium using different growth regulators concentrations (auxins / cytokinins) for regeneration and propagation of in vitro garlic plants (Allium sativumL.) var. ‘Morado Barrran-quino’. In the introduction stage meristem tips were cultured in test tubes up to regeneration. It was determined that medium MSM + IBA 0.6 mg/L was most suitable for the meristem tip differentiation and development. 13 weeks old microplants obtained on introduction stage were used for multiplication, obtaining the formation of a cluster after each subcultive. The best multiplication ratio was obtained in MMA medium + IAA 2.5 mg/L + KIN 5.0 mg/L and MSM medium + 2iP 1.5 mg/L with 4.71 and 4.79 respectively.

Alliin, a Garlic (Allium sativum) Compound, Prevents LPS-Induced Inflammation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has been used to alleviate a variety of health problems due to its high content of organosulfur compounds and antioxidant activity. The main active component is alliin (S-allyl cysteine sulfoxide), a potent antioxidant with cardioprotective and neuroprotective actions. In addition, it helps to decrease serum levels of glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and uric acid, as well as insulin resistance, and reduces cytokine levels. However its potential anti-inflammatory effect is unknown. We examined the effects of alliin in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes by RT-PCR, Western blot, and microarrays analysis of 22,000 genes. Incubation of cells for 24 h with 100 μmol/L alliin prevented the increase in the expression of proinflammatory genes, IL-6, MCP-1, and Egr-1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes exposed to 100 ng/mL LPS for 1 h. Interestingly, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, which is involved in LPS-induced inflammation in adipocytes, was decreased following alliin treatment. Furthermore, the gene expression profile by microarrays evidentiate an upregulation of genes involved in immune response and downregulation of genes related with cancer. The present results have shown that alliin is able to suppress the LPS inflammatory signals by generating an anti-inflammatory gene expression profile and by modifying adipocyte metabolic profile.

Investigations on the Effects of Five Different Plant Extracts on the Two-Spotted MiteTetranychus urticaeKoch (Arachnida: Tetranychidae)

Two-spotted mite,Tetranychus urticaeKoch (Arac.: Tetranychidae), is an economic pest worldwide including Turkey, causing serious damage to vegetables, flowers, and fruit crops. In recent years, broad-spectrum insecticides/miticides have been used to control this pest in Turkey. Control is difficult mainly due to resistance to conventional pesticides. This study was conducted to determine efficacy of pesticides extracted from five different plants [i.e.,Allium sativumL. (Amaryllidaceae),Rhododendron luteumS. (Ericaceae),Helichrysum arenariumL. (Asteraceae),Veratrum albumL. (Liliaceae), andTanacetum partheniumL. (Asteraceae)] against this mite. Bioassays were tested by two different methods to determine the effects of varying concentrations. Experiments were performed using 3 cm diameter leaf disk from unsprayed bean plants (Phaseolus vulgarisL.). In addition, the effects of the extracts on reproduction and oviposition were investigated. The extract yielded high mortality. In the lowest-concentration bioassays, the adult mites laid lower numbers of eggs compared to the untreated control. No ovicidal effect was observed.

Botanicals to Control Soft Rot Bacteria of Potato

Extracts from eleven different plant species such as jute (Corchorus capsularis L.), cheerota (Swertia chiraita Ham.), chatim (Alstonia scholaris L.), mander (Erythrina variegata), bael (Aegle marmelos L.), marigold (Tagetes erecta), onion (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativum L.), neem (Azadiracta indica), lime (Citrus aurantifolia), and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) were tested for antibacterial activity against potato soft rot bacteria, E. carotovora subsp. carotovora (Ecc) P-138, under in vitro and storage conditions. Previously, Ecc P-138 was identified as the most aggressive soft rot bacterium in Bangladeshi potatoes. Of the 11 different plant extracts, only extracts from dried jute leaves and cheerota significantly inhibited growth of Ecc P-138 in vitro. Finally, both plant extracts were tested to control the soft rot disease of potato tuber under storage conditions. In a 22-week storage condition, the treated potatoes were significantly more protected against the soft rot infection than those of untreated samples in terms of infection rate and weight loss. The jute leaf extracts showed more pronounced inhibitory effects on Ecc-138 growth both in in vitro and storage experiments.

Actual and potential distribution ofAcrolepiopsis assectella(Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae), an invasive alien pest ofAlliumspp. in Canada

AbstractAcrolepiopsis assectella(Zeller), leek moth, is a widespread and common pest of species ofAlliumL. (Liliaceae) in the western Palaearctic subregion. The establishment ofA. assectellain eastern North America has resulted in economic losses to garlic (Allium sativumL.), leek (Allium porrumL.), and onion (Allium cepaL.) growers, especially to organic producers in eastern Ontario and southern Quebec.Acrolepiopsis assectellawas first recorded in the Ottawa area in 1993. By 2010,A. assectellahad expanded its range into eastern Ontario, southwestern Quebec, Prince Edward Island, and New York. A bioclimate model, using CLIMEX simulation software, was developed to produce mapped results that closely approximated known distributions forA. assectellain central Europe. This model was then validated with recorded distribution records in eastern Europe, Asia, and North America. Model output predicted thatA. assectellawill readily survive in southeastern Canada and the eastern United States of America. Other areas potentially suitable forA. assectellainclude coastal regions of the Pacific Northwest, the interior of southern British Columbia, and north-central Mexico. The continued range expansion ofA. assectellainto otherAllium-growing areas of eastern North America appears to be inevitable. Establishment in these areas presents the risk of substantial production losses toAlliumspp. producers.