Allergic Disorders In Children Research Articles

Association of maternal ultra-processed food consumption during pregnancy with atopic dermatitis in infancy: Korean Mothers and Children’s Environmental Health (MOCEH) study

BackgroundMaternal diet during pregnancy might influence the development of childhood allergic disorders. There are few studies on the association between processed food intake and infant atopic dermatitis (AD) during pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of ultra-processed food (UPF) intake during pregnancy with infantile AD.MethodsThis study involved 861 pairs of pregnant women and their offspring from the Mothers’ and Children’s Environmental Health (MOCEH) study, a multi-center birth cohort project conducted in Korea. Dietary intake was estimated using a 24-h recall method at 12−28 weeks gestation. The NOVA classification was used to identify UPF, and UPF intake was calculated as the percentage of total energy consumption and categorized into quartiles. Infantile AD was assessed based on medical history and the criteria of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Associations were assessed by logistic regression with adjustment for confounding factors.ResultsChildren born to mothers in the highest quartile of UPF consumption (15.5% or more of the total energy) compared to the lowest quartile (6.8% or less) showed a higher risk of AD within 12 months [odds ratio (OR) = 1.69; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07−2.66, P for trend 0.0436]. After adjustment for the confounding factors under study, the association was strengthened; the adjusted OR between extreme quartiles was 2.19 (95% CI: 1.11–4.32, P for trend = 0.0418). This association was maintained even after an additional adjustment based on the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI), an indicator of diet quality.ConclusionsHigher maternal consumption of UPF during pregnancy was associated with a greater risk of infantile AD within the first year of life.

Therapeutic effect of an Ayurvedic drug in the management of Respiratory Allergic Disorders in children - A comprehensive review

Background: Respiratory allergic disorders (RAD) are the most common allergy symptom seen in children. Respiratory allergies are primarily caused by hyper responsiveness of the respiratory mucosa, which results in histamine release and mast cell activation. In Ayurvedic words, this could be viewed as an abnormality of the body's immune system or Ojus induced by disrupted Vata, Kapha, and Pitta. The prevalence of respiratory allergies in school-aged children in India varies widely, ranging from 5-20%. Methods: This study was completed by gathering the knowledge from classical Ayurvedic literature, research articles, guidelines and PubMed and MedLine databases. Results and Discussion: Dashmoola Katutrayadi drug is mentioned in Sahastra Yogam under Swasa Kasahara Kashaya have Shwas-Kasahar, anti-inflammatory, anti-histaminic and anti-asthmatic effects individually and in combinations. Conclusion: Present review reveals that these drugs have potential to alleviate the severity and frequency of RAD and can be used for the management of the same.

Global, regional and national epidemiology of allergic disorders in children from 1990 to 2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019

ObjectiveThis modelling study aimed to estimate the burden for allergic diseases in children during a period of 30 years.DesignPopulation-based observational study.Main outcomes and measuresThe data on the incidence, mortality and...

Может ли компонентная аллергодиагностика помочь в установлении траектории формирования «атопического марша»?

Recently, the atopic march (AM) is no longer considered a clear and sequential development of successive allergic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma, and allergic rhinitis (AR). Recent studies have shown that associations between allergic disorders in children are much more complex, and there may be different variants of AM trajectories. Previously, eight classes of AM were described: (1) no allergic disorders, (2) AM, (3) AD and transient wheeze, (4) AD with later-onset rhinitis, (5) transient wheeze and later-onset rhinitis, (6) transient wheeze only, (7) eczema only, and (8) rhinitis only. 48.3% of children exhibit specific types of sequential development of allergic disorders, but only 7% exhibit profiles resembling ‘classic' AM. The aim of this article was to analyze AM trajectories in real clinical practice in children and to discuss the role of component resolved diagnosis (CRD) in the analysis of AM. The article presents anamnestic patient data and CRD results using a multiplex panel. The literature shows that AM classes do not always match the actual clinical presentation of a patient, indicating the presence of previously unreported AM trajectories. Molecular allergy diagnostics can identify true and cross-sensitization in complex clinical cases, allowing for consideration of the causes of established sensitization and conceptualization of clinical symptoms and individual AM trajectory. It is important to ensure that sensitization to true allergens is established and clinically verified. The analysis of anamnestic data can make it difficult to understand the sequence of allergic disease development. However, CRD significantly facilitates diagnostic search by allowing consideration of the order of sensitization and clinical manifestations. This can help predict the possible severity of allergic reactions to established allergens. KEYWORDS: atopic march, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, children, component resolved diagnosis, respiratory allergens. FOR CITATION: Lepeshkova T.S., Andronova E.V. Can component resolved diagnosis help establish "atopic march" trajectory? Russian Medical Inquiry. 2024;8(3):163–170 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2024-8-3-7.

Tocolytic treatment and maternal characteristics, obstetric outcomes, and offspring childhood outcomes among births at and after 37 weeks of gestation: the Japan environment and children's study.

To evaluate differences in maternal characteristics and obstetric and offspring childhood outcomes between births at and after 37weeks of gestation (referred to as term and post-term births) according to the use of tocolytic treatment. Data for 63,409 women with singleton births at and after 37weeks of gestation were analyzed using data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). We compared maternal characteristics, obstetric outcomes, and offspring childhood outcomes between term and post-term births exposed and not exposed to tocolytic treatment. Additionally, multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios for offspring childhood outcomes with significant between-group differences in the univariable analysis, with term and post-term births without tocolytic agents as the reference group. We observed differences in maternal characteristics and obstetric outcomes between term and post-term births exposed and not exposed to tocolytic treatment. The incidence of offspring childhood developmental disorders showed no significant between-group differences. However, participants exposed to tocolytic agents had higher incidence of offspring childhood allergic disorders. The adjusted odds ratio for any of the offspring childhood allergic disorders in term and post-term births with tocolytic agents was 1.08 (95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.13). This study found no significant difference in the incidence of offspring developmental disorders between term and post-term births exposed and not exposed to tocolytic treatment. However, tocolytic treatment was associated with differences in maternal characteristics and obstetric outcomes, along with a marginal increase in the incidence of childhood allergic disorders in offspring.

Maternal Diet and Infant Risk of Eczema and Food Allergy: A Systematic Review.

A significant portion of the pediatric population is affected by allergy diseases, which have become a worldwide public health concern. Could maternal diet during pregnancy or breastfeeding influence allergy outcomes in offspring? If this cause-and-effect relationship exists, it will be simpler to design prevention strategies to reduce the incidence of allergic disorders in children, reduce costs to the public health system and to parents, and improve the quality of life of allergic children and their parents. In this systematic review, we will visit the literature from January 2019 to December 2022 to see if any relationship was found between maternal nutrition and its consequences on children's allergy occurrence. We will focus only on food allergy and eczema outcomes in the offspring. Also, we will summarize what was found to be protective or nonprotective to better control the outcomes if applied in the future.

Microbiota of the first-pass meconium and subsequent atopic and allergic disorders in children.

BackgroundSome cohort studies have suggested that gut microbiota composition is associated with allergic diseases in children. The microbiota of the first‐pass meconium, which forms before birth, represents the first gut microbiota that is easily available for research and little is known about any relationship with allergic disease development.ObjectiveWe investigated whether the bacterial composition of the first‐pass meconium is associated with the development of allergic diseases before 4 years of age.MethodsProspective birth cohort study. Bacterial composition of first‐pass meconium was analysed using bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Atopic and allergic diseases were evaluated via online survey or telephone to age 4 years, based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire.ResultsDuring a 6‐week period in 2014, 312 children were born at the Central Finland Central Hospital. Meconium was collected from 212 at a mean of 8‐hour age. Outcome data at 4 years were available for 177 (83%) children, and 159 of these had sufficient amplification of bacterial DNA in meconium. Meconium microbiota composition, including diversity indices and relative abundances of the main phyla and genera, was not associated with subsequent atopic eczema, wheezing or cow's milk allergy. Principal components analysis did not identify any clustering of the meconium microbiomes of children with respect to wheezing or cow's milk allergy.ConclusionsWe found no evidence that gut microbiota composition of first‐pass meconium is associated with atopic manifestations to age 4 years. However, larger studies are needed to fully exclude a relationship.

Prevalence of asthma and allergic disorders in school children of Karachi

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of asthma and allergic diseases and to identify the associated risk factors in school-aged children of Karachi.Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2019 to January 2020 on school-aged children (4-15 years) of Karachi. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used, data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.Results: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis and eczema in the study population was 22.1%, asthma 14% and 34% had a history of wheezing in the last 12 months. Food allergy was present in 15.5% of the study population. The predisposing factors were exposure to dust in 32.6%, passive smoking in 30.8%, perfume smell in 27.3% and the presence of pets in the house in 23.2%. Male gender and maternal asthma were significantly associated with the development of these allergic disorders in children (p=0.033).Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of allergic disorders and asthma amongst the school children of Karachi. Environmental factors such as exposure to dust and passive smoking are significant predisposing factors. There is an urgent need to conduct further epidemiological studies to identify high-risk groups and key modifiable factors.

Allergic disorders in children living in different climatic and oecological areas of the Kaliningrad region

The immune system responsible for genetic stability of internal environment, with its exceptional sensitivity, may provide biological indexes which reflect impact of various environmental (biotic and abiotic) factors, i.e., serve as an indicator system in the areas of environmental well-being and distress. A series of studies on the influence of climatic and environmental factors on immune reactivity states demonstrated that the immune system is also sensitive to both natural and industrial factors (chemical and physical). Apparently, this is due to formation of a population-based immunological reactivity adapted for specific environmental conditions. However, the distribution patterns of immunogram variability by geographical zones are still unclear. The article analyzes prevalence and structure of allergic disorders in children of 1-3 and 4-7 y.o. (early and first childhood)living in different climatic and ecological areas of Kaliningrad region (coastal and continental zones, “clean” and “dirty” cities, different for anthropogenic burden and environmental situation). The following cities were involved into the study: Svetlogorsk, Svetly, Kaliningrad, Sovetsk, Gusev and Neman. There were 3,321 children examined. Clinical and demographic data were taken from the following sources: “History of the child’s development” (Form No. 112/y), “Outpatient medical record card” (Form No. 025/y) and “Diagnostic card of immunological deficiency in children”, developed at the Institute of Immunology (Federal MedicalBiological Agency of Russia) which contained the patient’s data, seasonality of increased morbidity, vaccination history, acute infections). Disorders and reactions attributable to allergic syndrome were divided into three groups: skin diseases, respiratory system diseases, adverse response to various antigens. The revealed differences demonstrate high sensitivity of immune system to climatic and environmental factors acting at the sub-threshold level. We believe that the child’s immune system responds even to minor environmental factors, which, acting in combined manner, cause its functional shifts. In turn, these changes manifest at the level of immunobiological reactivity and, accordingly, influence clinical course and symptoms of the allergic disorders.

Evaluation of the Relationship between Cesarean Section and Childhood Allergic Disorders

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate and examine the possibility that cesarean section, which is becoming increasingly common today, may cause risky conditions such as allergies not only for the mother but also for the baby in the future. Material and Method: The questionnaire was applied to the mothers who applied to the Family Medicine outpatient clinic between July and November 2020, who accepted to participate in the study and received written consent. Results: Of the 90 participants included in the study, 45 (50%) had cesarean section and 45 (50%) had a normal birth. No variation was found according to the type of delivery in those whose children were diagnosed with allergies. Likewise, there was no statistical relationship between the presence of allergies and the variables we looked at. Among the other variables examined, there was only a significant difference in smoking during pregnancy according to the mode of delivery (p = 0.041). Conclusion: Although it is prohibited off-label cesarean delivery, which can be left to the patient due to commercial concerns, is a delivery method to be chosen by a doctor only in the presence of an indication. Cesarean section may have complications for the mother and the baby, and the recommended method is to deliver the baby with normal delivery through the vaginal canal. Pregnant women should be informed that normal birth is the healthiest delivery method with correct information.

Childhood Allergies: The Role of Maternal Depression and Anxiety, and Family Strain.

Maternal mental disorder and a negative family emotional climate are a great source of stress for many children, yet their role in the childhood development or expression of asthma and allergies remains poorly understood, particularly beyond the first 1–2 years of life. The current study tested whether childhood allergy onset and symptomatology would be predicted by (1) perinatal and any time exposure to maternal depression or anxiety and (2) current family emotional strain (whole family, mother-child). UK mothers of children aged 2–12 years (N = 328) living with them completed an online survey of measures. Children exposed to maternal depression were almost twice as likely to be diagnosed and almost five times as likely to screen positive for an allergic disorder. Perinatal depression was linked to childhood allergies, but more moderately. Any anxiety exposure, and not specific to the perinatal period, predicted allergy status. Family emotional strain contributed independently to variance in concurrent child allergic symptomatology. All results were independent of potential confounders and current mental distress. The findings highlight the importance of maternal mental health and family function in the child’s neuro-immune development, and that these factors need to be addressed in the treatment of childhood allergic disorders.

Prevalences of Allergic Disorders in Children with Terra Firma-Forme Dermatosis.

Background:Terra firma-forme dermatosis (TFFD) is a clinical condition that may be defined as a dirty appearance of skin. Although it has been defined for many years, its clinical value is not well known.Objective:We aimed to determine the prevalence of allergic disorders (asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema) to investigate if this clinical condition is associated with allergic disorders in children with TFFD.Materials and Methods:A questionnaire descriptive of allergic disorders [International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC)] was applied to all children diagnosed with TFFD at the pediatric clinics during a 6-month period specified for the study. The results were compared with the two ISAAC studies that have been previously conducted in our region.Results:The prevalence of TFFD among 1695 children examined at our outpatient clinic was found to be 3.18% (n = 54). The youngest of the children was 6 months old and the oldest 13 years, with an average age of 6.08 ± 2.69 years. Our study group had significantly greater rates and intensities of lifetime wheezing, wheezing in the last 12 months (current wheezing), lifetime allergic rhinitis, allergic rhinitis in the last 12 months; and the rate of physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis compared to the comparator groups (P < 0.005).Conclusions:The results support the view that TFFD may be a sign of associated asthma and allergic rhinitis.

The relationship between malnutrition and TH 2 immune markers: a study in school-aged children of different socio-economic backgrounds in Makassar, Indonesia.

ObjectiveThe burden of underweight remains a major problem in Indonesia, and at the same time, the prevalence of overweight is increasing. Malnutrition is a major determinant of health and has been linked to allergic disorders in children. We examined the relationship between malnutrition and TH2 immune markers in school‐aged children in Makassar, Indonesia.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed in five schools where socio‐demographic characteristics were recorded. Children’s standardised z‐scores of body mass index (z‐BMI) and age‐standardised z‐scores of height (z‐HA) were assessed using WHO child growth standards. Skin prick test (SPT) reactivity was determined to house dust mite allergens. Helminth infection status, (growth) hormones including insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐1) and TH2 immune markers were measured.ResultsIn total, 954 children were included of whom 21.6% were underweight and 14.8% overweight. After controlling for confounders, overweight was positively associated with leptin (GMR 3.55, 95% CI: 2.99–4.23) and IGF‐1 (GMR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.15–1.82), whereas underweight was negatively associated (respectively GMR 0.57, 95% CI: 0.49–0.66 and GMR 0.78, 95% CI: 0.63–0.97). Underweight was associated with a lower eosinophil count (GMR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64–0.97) but not with total IgE levels or SPT reactivity. Overweight was positively associated with SPT reactivity (adjusted OR 2.68, 95% CI: 1.50–4.78) but no relationship was found with the other TH2 immune markers.ConclusionMalnutrition is prominent in school‐aged children in Makassar, with overweight associated with increased SPT reactivity. Therefore, interventions should focus on undernutrition, but also on overweight to prevent the increase of allergic disorders in Indonesia.

Cesarean section and risk of allergies in Ecuadorian children: A cross-sectional study.

BackgroundStudies have shown an association between cesarean section (CS) and increased prevalence of childhood allergic diseases. While these observations have been consistent in industrialized countries, evidence from developing countries is limited.ObjectiveTo assess the association between the mode of delivery and allergic diseases in children aged 3–12 years in Quito, Ecuador.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, parents were surveyed using an anonymous, standardized questionnaire from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood project to assess the presence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies in their children. The children's age, sex, birthplace, delivery mode (CS/vaginal), socioeconomic status, and ethnicity were recorded. Other parameters included gestational age, breastfeeding, smoking status during pregnancy, and parental allergic diseases.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounding factors, children delivered via CS were found to have a higher risk of wheezing (odds ratio [OR] = 4.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.43–11.89), physician‐diagnosed asthma (OR = 24.06; 95% CI: 1.98–292.3), and pimples, or eczema with the itching for 6 months (OR = 2.65; 95% CI: 1.06–6.61) than children delivered vaginally. No association was found between the delivery mode and rhinitis or food allergies. After stratifying by socioeconomic status, CS was only associated with allergic disorders in children of medium/high socioeconomic backgrounds.ConclusionsAs seen in industrialized settings, children born by CS in nonindustrialized countries have an increased risk of developing allergic disorders including asthma and dermatitis, compared to those delivered vaginally.

A Synopsis of the Synopses, 2018 to 2019

With this Synopsis Book, we provide reviews on a range of observations and advances that will increase understanding of allergic and immunologic disorders impacting children. These findings can influence clinical practice now and in the near future. Reviewers have selected notable articles that will help improve patient care through optimizing diagnosis and management and raising awareness of modifiable risk factors and novel therapeutic targets. There continues to be tremendous interest in identifying potential risk factors for the development of allergic disorders, with much attention on the role of the microbiome as well as other modifiable risks, such as antioxidants, vitamin D, and ultraviolet radiation exposure. Although associations are reported in some studies, significant shifts in allergy risk have not been demonstrated in interventional studies. Multiple factors are likely in play with complex interactions; therefore, further exploration in these realms is required to determine if these or other risk factors can be modified to mitigate allergy risk. The role of diet in the development of allergic disease remains an area of significant interest. Early introduction of peanut for allergy prevention is supported by national guidelines, and efforts have focused on dissemination …

A352 Clemens von Pirquet Award Recipient IS IT TIME TO RETHINK THE ALLERGY TRAINING REQUIREMENTS FOR PEDIATRIC RESIDENTS?

Primary care pediatricians (PCPs) play a critical role in the evaluation of childhood allergic disorders, yet, pediatrician-reported comfort in management of allergic conditions remains insufficient. To date, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) program requirements suggest zero mandatory core or elective rotations in Allergy & Immunology (AI), which limits training opportunities for residents.

Respiratory and allergic disorders in children with severe and partial immunoglobulin A immunodeficiency.

Immunoglobulin A deficiency (IgAD) is the most common primary immunodeficiency. Although most people with selective IgAD (sIgAD) are asymptomatic, many patients often suffer from recurrent respiratory infections and different allergic disorders. Our aim was to investigate connection between subtypes of sIgAD and incidence of respiratory and allergic disorders, as well as connection with lung function changes in children. Children with IgAD where divided into two groups; severe IgAD in patients was defined as serum IgA level <7mg/dL, while partial IgA deficiency diagnosis was made when serum IgA levels was higher than 7mg/dL but at least two standard deviations (SD) below mean normal concentrations for their age. All patients were evaluated by their clinical and laboratory investigation parameters and compared to control group of children. Group of children with IgAD, severe as well as partial, showed higher prevalence of allergic diseases and total number of infections, compared to controls. There was a statistically significant difference in lung function for peak expiratory flow (PEF), the maximal expiratory flow at 50% of the forced vital capacity (MEF50) and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) between group of patients with severe as well as partial IgAD and control group, where children with IgAD showed reduced lung function. Children with sIgAD are at increased risk for higher number of respiratory infections and developing allergic diseases, resulting in significantly lower pulmonary function which is related with the severity of sIgAD.

Pre-Conception Maternal Food Intake and the Association with Childhood Allergies.

Background: Periconceptional nutrition may have an important function in programming the immune function and allergies, however, there is a lack of studies assessing pre-conception food intake and childhood allergic disorders. The aim of the current study was to identify maternal pre-conception dietary components that may be associated with allergic disorders in children up to 3 years of age. Methods: Pregnant women attending their first antenatal visit and who were aged >18 years were invited to participate. Pre-conception food frequency data was retrospectively collected at 18 weeks’ gestation. Childhood eczema, current wheeze, and rhinitis was assessed at 36 months of age using a questionnaire and doctor diagnosis (n = 234). Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to explore the combination of dietary food components that best discriminated between allergy status in children. Results: Maternal pre-conception food intake such as low and high fat dairy, fresh fruit, unsaturated spreads, and take-away foods, were protective for any allergy assessed. Non-oily fish was protective for eczema and current wheeze; saturated spreads (e.g., butter) was protective for eczema, current wheeze, and rhinitis; poultry and fruit juice were adversely associated with each allergy. Conclusions: Pre-conception food intakes demonstrate inconsistent and somewhat contrary relationships to the development of child allergies. Whether and how maternal food intake impacts the underlying fetal programming and the mechanisms of childhood allergy warrants further investigation.

GEBELERDE FOLİK ASİT DESTEĞİ VE GÜNCEL YAKLAŞIMLAR

Folate belongs to B group of vitamins. It exists naturally in foods and it is a water soluble vitamin. Folic acid is a synthetic form of folate and it exists in food supplements and fortified foods. Folate has an important role in pregnant women and fetus physiology. Only diet is not enough to supply required amount of folate. There is an important relationship between folate and neural tube defects, megaloblastic anemia, postpartum depression, birth weight, childhood allergic disorders, congenital heart disorders, autism etc. So with a planned pregnancy folic acid supplementation (400 µg/day) beginning before pregnancy and continued during pregnancy is recommended to prevent neural tube defects, anemia and other health problems.

Association of early daycare attendance with allergic disorders in children: a longitudinal national survey in Japan

The association between early daycare attendance and risk of allergic diseases remains inconclusive. Therefore, we examined the association among Japanese children on a long-term basis using a nationwide longitudinal survey data. We estimated the association between daycare attendance at age 6 or 18 months and allergy development using information on outpatient visits for atopic dermatitis (AD), food allergy (FA), and asthma and admission for asthma up to 12 years of age as a proxy for developing these diseases, with multilevel logistic regression. Early daycare attendance was associated with increased odds of AD at ages 2.5–3.5 years: the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 1.34 [95% CI: 1.21, 1.47]. The association with FA was equivocal. The odds of asthma was increased before age 3.5 years and afterwards decreased: the adjusted ORs were 1.60 [1.44, 1.77] for ages 1.5–2.5 years and 0.77 [0.69, 0.87] for ages 5.5–7 years. The effect of early daycare attendance depends on the type of allergies.