Algorithm For Diagnostics Research Articles

Своевременная диагностика и лечение гипотиреоза - основа здорового психического и физического развития детей

Hypothyroidism belongs to widespread endocrine diseases. Disorders in the functions of various organs and systems causes difficulties in timely revealing of this diagnosis. The article analyzes the syndromes with which this pathology has to be differentiated. The algorithm of laboratory and instrumental diagnostics and treatment principles are presented.

Algorithm for complex diagnostics of cattle emerging diseases

Problems of detailed studies into the epizootic process of infectious diseases of farm animals, mechanisms of interaction of pathogenic microorganisms with macroorganisms, as well as issues of health improvement and protection of animal populations from epizootically significant diseases are acute for veterinary science and practice. As a result of the studies the spectrum of pathogens in parasite cenosis on the territory of the entity of the Russian Federation was identified. The species composition of pathogens in cases of non-infectious pathology and infectious diseases in young cattle is specified. The pathogens are represented byStaphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli. K-99, pathogenic fungi Aspergillus spp.and yeast fungi Candida albicans, BHV-1 and BVDV. A database was compiled to upgrade the methodology of analyzing epizootological studies. The development and implementation of health and health-related programs has decreased the occurence of acute intestinal infections and respiratory tract infections in young cattle by more than 1.3 times. Multi-level epizootic surveillance of farm animal populations can prevent the occurrence and spread of particularly dangerous infections, eliminate managed infections, downgrade the risk of post-infectious complications and improve the economic efficiency of the livestock industry as a whole.

Оцінка хронічних запальних захворювань органів малого таза у жінок як фактора ризику виникнення гострого неускладненого пієлонефриту

The objective: to study the prevalence of chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs (CIDPO) in women of reproductive age with acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis (AUP), and clinical peculiarities of pyelonephritis further justification for personalized therapy exposure to all sources of infection. Materials and methods. The survey was conducted by a urologist and gynecologist of 246 women of reproductive age with AUP and concomitant CIDPO. In addition, before the start of antibacterial therapy, material was collected: scrapings of the mucous membranes of the urethra, cervical canal, and vaginal washings. The complex of methods of microbiological diagnostics has been applied: cultural, culture-enzymatic, molecular-genetic. Results. In patients with AUP and concomitant CIDPO, a high rate of infections by the mollicutes was detected in urinary and genital tracts – 69.5% and 67.5%, respectively. Mollicutes were more frequently found in the urinary tract in association with classical bacteria (45.1%), and in the genital tract – in monoculture (44.7%). Importantly, in 65.8% of cases, there was a coincidence of identified pathogens by taxonomic affiliation, indicating that these pathogens are involved in the development of the inflammatory process in both the genital and urinary tracts. The proposed scheme, with the obligatory identification of pathogens of genital infections, allowed to establish that after standard urological treatment, more than two-thirds of patients require additional antibacterial therapy aimed at eradication of urinary and genital tracts of the mollicutes as pathogenic pathogens. Conclusion. The obtained results have allowed to substantiate the need for additional therapy aimed at eradication of mollicutes and to propose an algorithm of microbiological diagnostics to identify the etiological factors of AUP, to develop and implement a new approach to treatment: personalized antimicrobial therapy on all source of pathogens in the urinary and genital tracts. Key words: acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis, women of reproductive age, chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, mollicutes, treatment.

Epigenetic factors and optimization of the algorithm of differential diagnostics of gastrointestinal form of food allergy and intolerance to lactose in infants

Objective: The objective is to analyze epigenetic and clinical features of course of the cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) and lactase deficiency (LD) in infants.Methods: We have assessed the factors contributing to the formation of CMPA and LD in children with calculation of attributable risk rate. Intensity of clinical symptoms was measured with CoMiSS.Results: The analysis according to CoMiSS showed the presence of general gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with CMPA and LD. The assessment of attributable risk factors gave the opportunity to create a scale of CMPA development.Conclusions: The invented scale will help to extract infants from the risk group and take complex of preventive measures.

«Chaos and Clues» algorithm in routine practice of analyzing dermatoscopic image

The article describes theoretical bases and practical aspects of the use in clinical practice of the «Chaos and Clues» algorithm of dermatoscopic diagnostics of pigmented skin lesions developed by a group of scientists from different countries of the world. The article provides a detailed description of the application of this algorithm in conditions of real clinical practice. It was emphasized that the use of dermatoscopy as a simple and non­invasive method of research in the practice of a dermatologist allows a more accurate assessment of skin tumors with a careful review of important additional details of their morphology, which in turn increases the accuracy of the diagnosis. For the most part, the dermatoscopy is performed for the purpose of differential diagnosis and visualization of the pigmentary or vascular structures of the epidermis and upper layers of the dermis. Increasingly, dermatoscopy is successfully used to diagnose unpigmented elements, but this article focuses on the diagnostic algorithm for pigmented neoplasms of the skin. The purpose of this publication is to inform specialists about a clear, concise, understandable and consistent algorithm, necessary for the analysis of patterns visible in dermatoscopy. The article proves that the structure of the «Chaos and Clues» algorithm is extremely simple and convenient for implementation in everyday practice. It is noted that the main advantage of this algorithm is the clarity and logic of using terminology to name elements of a dermatoscopic picture, and an original way to use these characteristics for the purpose of establishing a diagnosis. These characteristics are extremely relevant today, when in various sources of information we come across many visual and descriptive terms that, instead of explaining, introduce misunderstandings in the diagnostic process, unreasonably complicate the terminology, which may mislead an insufficiently experienced medical specialist.

Multispiral Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Adrenal Incidentalomas

Many years of experience in identifying patients with various pathologies of the adrenal glands using multispiral computed tomography are presented. Multispiral CT is a highly informative method of choice in the diagnosis of adrenal tumors. Multispiral CT in the perfusion version of the tumor of the adrenal gland increases the accuracy of diagnosis, which optimizes the tactics of treatment. Improving the algorithm for assessing perfusion indices of the adrenal gland incidentalomas using multispiral CT will allow to evaluate the histological nature of the pathological process. It is justified to conduct perfusion MSCT studies in patients with volumetric adrenal masses with the purpose of differential diagnosis of hyperplastic and tumor processes in them. An attempt was made to develop an algorithm for MSCT diagnostics of the adrenal glands and determine its effectiveness. The radiological characteristic of the adrenal glands incidentalomas is a reflection of their morphological structure. There are statistically significant differences in aldosterone-producing and cortisol-producing adenomas in size and CT density. Morphological signs of adrenal tumor degeneration correlate with functional activity. Surgical treatment is absolutely indicated for patients with incidentalomas corresponding to the radiological phenotype of malignant tumors, as well as for patients who have revealed hormonal activity during a comprehensive examination. Dynamic observation is indicatedfor patients with hormonal-inactive incidental small-sized (< 4 cm) in the absence ofradiological signs of malignancy. In patients with an extremely high risk of surgical treatment, endovascular interventions aimed at suppressing adrenal hyperfunction are advisable. The main prognostic factors for adrenal glands incidentalomas are: radiological phenotype, hormonal activity, duration of the disease, the choice of adequate treatment tactics. In surgical treatment, the prognosis depends on the morphological characteristics of adrenal gland incidentalomas.

Spectral approach to the estimation of the time series of the power change in the substation metering units and its application in the control modes of substation electricity metering systems

The wide possibilities of modern interval metering devices installed at substations of distribution grid companies are not fully used today. In the process of measuring the electrical parameters of the network meters, there may be abnormal modes of electricity metering substations, resulting from intentional or negligent actions of staff, failure of existing equipment or parts thereof. The considered circumstances lead to large economic losses of electric power enterprises, expressed in the underestimation of electricity. One of the effective ways to solve this problem is the use of intelligent techniques to identify incorrectly operating metering stations of the substation network, as well as the development of an optimal model of an automated multifunctional information and measuring system for industrial use and software implementation. The purpose of the study – the development of methods of control and diagnosis of normal operation of the substation electricity metering system, determined by compliance with the reliability of electricity metering substation information and measurement systems. On the basis of the offered method the algorithm of control and diagnostics of modes of operation of the information-measuring equipment of system of the account of the electric power of substations is offered. The software for a two-level multifunctional measurement system combining the functionality of an automated electricity metering system, a system for monitoring and diagnosing the modes of operation of the information and measuring complex of substations, and a system for monitoring the quality of electricity has been developed. The results of the research were used in the development of recommendations for the construction of automated information and measurement systems based on existing power metering systems of substations for distribution grid companies. The developed technique and the corresponding algorithm of control and diagnostics of abnormal operating modes of information-measuring complex of substations allow to quickly determine the technical condition of the metering system of substations, to plan corrective measures to eliminate violations.

Tsunami-Launched Acoustic Wave in the Layered Atmosphere: Explicit Formulas Including Electron Density Disturbances

The problem of the propagation of acoustic wave disturbance initiated by a boundary condition is used to simulate a disturbance of atmospheric gas caused by a rise of water masses. The boundary condition is a function of a dynamic variable that is defined on the border of the problem domain. In this work, it is chosen in such a way that its parameters and form correspond to disturbances in the gas layer produced by a tsunami wave at the air–water interface. The atmosphere is approximately described as a 1D multilayer gas media with an exponential structure of density in each layer. The boundary conditions are set at the interface between water–air and gas layers. These determine the direction of propagation and the ratio of dynamic variables characterizing an acoustic wave. The relationship between such variables (pressure, density, and velocity) is derived by means of projection operators on the subspaces of the z-evolution operator for each layer. The universal formulas for the perturbation of atmospheric variables in an arbitrary layer are obtained in frequency and time domains. As a result, explicit expressions are derived that determine the spectral composition and vertical velocity, by the stationary phase method, of the acoustic disturbance of the atmosphere at an arbitrary height, including the heights of the ionosphere. In return, this can be used to calculate the ionospheric effect. The effect is described by the explicit formula for electron density evolution, which is the solution of the diffusion equation. This forms a quick algorithm for early diagnostics of tsunami waves.

Evaluating the dynamics of brain tissue oxygenation using near-infrared spectroscopy on various experimental models

In this paper we consider a method for researching the dynamics of blood flow in the cerebral cortex, on an optical phantom that reproduces the parameters of real human and mice brain structures, through the use of near and infrared ranges of laser radiation. For the investigation of real tissue we chose a laboratory mouse brain in vivo. An algorithm for non-invasive diagnostics of the degree of oxygenation was identified and optimal parameters of installation components were selected for taking information about hemodynamic indicators. Output was verified by the reference method for assessing oxygenation by degree of absorption of hemoglobin in the visible range, which indicates that data have a high correlation with classical methods. With further development, this algorithm can be used in various areas of research and diagnostics.

МЕТОД ИНТЕГРИРОВАННОЙ ОЦЕНКИ УСТАЛОСТНЫХ НАПРЯЖЕНИЙ В СТРУКТУРЕ ВОССТАНОВЛЕННЫХ ЛОПАТОК ТЭЦ И ГЭС

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью разработки методики точного определения ресурсной долговечности и надежности высоконагруженного оборудования, используемого для производства и преобразования энергии на основе георесурсов (ГЭС, ТЭЦ), основанной на выявлении зон концентрации внутренних напряжений как показателя фазовых изменений в структуре материала деталей. Цель: повышение ресурсной долговечности нагруженных лопаток турбины ГЭС и ТЭЦ за счет внедрения разработанной интегрированной методики точного прогнозирования структурно-фазовых изменений на стадии зарождения усталостных дефектов. Объект: лопатки турбин ТЭЦ и ГЭС, восстановленные источником лазерно-плазменной энергии. Применялся комплексный метод исследования концентрации внутренних напряжений в структуре нагруженных деталей, подверженных динамическим нагрузкам. Использовалась методология системного анализа, а также метод распределения поля остаточной намагниченности в деградированной микроструктуре материала. При разработке алгоритма интегрированного метода диагностики и точного прогнозирования применялись методы математической статистики. Восстановленные детали исследовались методами неразрушающего контроля с последующим анализом и обработкой полученных результатов. Результаты. Разработан алгоритм проведения диагностики восстановленных деталей высокотехнологичных комплексов производства и преобразования энергии георесурсов на примере лопаток турбины ГЭС. Сформирована база данных концентраций напряжений лопатки в зависимости от фазовой структуры металла, позволяющая установить причинно-следственные связи между дефектом, технологическими режимами восстановления и режимами эксплуатации агрегата. Решена научная проблема по созданию единой физической модели, и определены границы применимости данного метода. Установлен безопасный режим эксплуатации энергетического оборудования (Нх=62–76 А/м), повышающий ресурс турбины в 1,7 раза.

Investigation of the causes of shape deviations in contour milling

The article discusses the variety of deviation causes from the shape and relative position of the surfaces by contour machining. The most accurate and operational measuring method has been determined and a qualitative assessment method has been selected for diagnostics the fault causes. The value of the drive mismatch on metal-cutting machines with Heidenhain CNC at different feed rates has been investigated. The linear dependence of the drive mismatch on the feed and the constancy of the non-squareness of the axes were experimentally approved. An algorithm for equipment diagnostics is presented to determine the causes of the contour error without special measuring devices.

Problematic issues of the spleen spontaneous (atraumatic) rupture as a complication of acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis and pancreonecrosis in forensic medicine practice

Objective. To study the problematic issues of the spontaneous (atraumatic) rupture of the spleen as a rare complication of acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis and pancreonecrosis, which occurs in a forensic medical practice with the purpose to elaborate an algorithm of differential diagnostics with traumatic splenic ruptures.Material and methods. The analysis is performed and the scientific achievements on the topic, which are published in foreign medical literature, are studied.Results. In this paper the principal morphological and microscopic features of the spontaneous (atraumatic) splenic rupture as a complication of acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis and pancreonecrosis in a forensic medical practice are adduced, including the genesis of this pathology, diagnostic criteria and characteristics of the postmortem diagnostics.Conclusion. As a result of the material research the main problematic issues of the spontaneous (atraumatic) splenic rupture as a complication of acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis and pancreonecrosis are highlighted, which occur during the forensic-medical expertise of corpses.

Electrochemical low-frequency impedance spectroscopy algorithm for diagnostics of PEM fuel cell degradation

Prognostics and health management for fuel cells in real-world applications are important for optimization of lifetime and operation. A parameter that has been shown to indicate the state of ageing is the low-frequency intercept with the real axis of the Nyquist diagram in a fuel cell's impedance spectrum. This article presents a method for direct identification of this parameter, without the need to carry out a full electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and with an algorithm that can be realized within a typical fuel-cell control system. The proposed method is based on relay excitation feedback, a proven solution from controller tuning.

Changes in Diagnostic Patterns of Depression Among Family Physicians in Latvia after Participating in The Education Course on Depression Developed within the National Research Programme Biomedicine 2014–2017: Preliminary Results

Abstract Annually, 7.9% of the general population in Latvia are suffering from depression. According to the official statistics, less than 8000 persons a year have been treated for depression in the state-paid health care services while the National Research Programme (NRP) BIOMEDICINE 2014–2017 found that more than 70 000 depressed patients annually are coming to family physicians (FPs) in Latvia. Within NRP researchers have developed an algorithm for diagnostics and treatment of depression and carried out ten educational courses for FPs all over Latvia in 2016. Data on the treatment of depression have been collected from the National Health Service (NHS) database from 01.01.2015 till 30.06.2017. Changes between the trained and control groups have been calculated for the time period before intervention — 2015–2016 and six months right after it. The “Depression School” was attended by 210 (15.2%) out of 1382 FPs, in contract with the NHS, who signed in for the course on first-to-come basis. There were no statistically significant demographic differences between trained and control groups, except, a larger proportion of FPs from rural places vs. the capital city attended the courses. Comparing the trained and control groups, during the period before the intervention there were on average 0.96 vs. 0.83 depressive episodes (F32) and 3.26 vs.1.74 recurrent depressive disorder (F33) episodes in 1/2 year (p < 0.001). Statistically significant increase was observed for F33 episodes (+1.42, p < 0.001), and numeric for F32 episodes (+0.18, p = 0.36) in the trained group of FPs in 2017. In total this gave a statistically significant (p < 0.001) increase by 43.6% of F33 diagnoses following the education course on depression for family physicians. Further analysis of data to access sustainability of training effect after 12 and 24 months are underway.

Ранняя диагностика геомагнитных бурь на основе наблюдений систем космического мониторинга

We address the problem of early diagnostics of geomagnetic storms based on the use of models of coordinates of movements of centers of solar coronal mass ejections (CME) and observations of their angular positions obtained from space monitoring systems. We propose a method for early diagnostics of geomagnetic storms, introduce a function to predict the distance between Earth and CME centers, and establish a decision-making procedure. We give an example of calculating the distance prediction function and implement the diagnostic decision-making procedure based on coordinate models and model observations of angular positions of CME centers. We determine the efficiency of the decision-making procedure for the algorithm for early diagnostics of geomagnetic storms.

Early diagnostics of geomagnetic storms based on observations of space monitoring systems

We address the problem of early diagnostics of geomagnetic storms based on the use of models of coordinates of movements of centers of solar coronal mass ejections (CME) and observations of their angular positions obtained from space monitoring systems. We propose a method for early diagnostics of geomagnetic storms, introduce a function to predict the distance between Earth and CME centers, and establish a decision-making procedure. We give an example of calculating the distance prediction function and implement the diagnostic decision-making procedure based on coordinate models and model observations of angular positions of CME centers. We determine the efficiency of the decision-making procedure for the algorithm for early diagnostics of geomagnetic storms.

Medical and social rationale of the algorithm of early diagnostics and prevention of psychosomatic disorders at primary care

Medical and social rationale of the algorithm of early diagnostics and prevention of psychosomatic disorders at primary care

Algorithm and methodology of diagnostics of communication system of the enterprise

On the basis of comparative analysis of approaches to the study of organizational communications developed a method of their diagnosis, consisting in determining the composition of the characteristics of the communication system of the enterprise, specialized methods for measuring and assessing the magnitude of critical deviations, and the research algorithm. Specifics of the considered strategic diagnostics consist in the accounting of resources and abilities of the organizational communications considered as complete set of external and internal communications. The resulting tools are used in decision-making procedures on the directions of development of the communication component of the strategic potential of the production enterprise. The tendency of alignment of the importance of communications supporting organizational changes with resource-providing communications with the increasing turbulence of the external environment is established, which increases the importance of internal communications for modern enterprises, including the distribution of budgets for the development of communications.

Use of Neural Network-Based Deep Learning Techniques for the Diagnostics of Skin Diseases

Melanoma is one of the most dangerous types of cancer. The accuracy of visual diagnosis of melanoma directly depends on the experience and specialty of the physician. Current development of image processing and machine learning technologies allows systems based on artificial neural convolutional networks to be created, these being better than humans in object classification tasks, including the diagnostics of malignant skin neoplasms. Presented here is an algorithm for the early diagnostics of melanoma based on artificial deep convolutional neural networks. This algorithm can discriminate benign and malignant skin tumors with an accuracy of at least 91% by examination of dermatoscopy images.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И ТАКТИКИ ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ОСЛОЖНЕННОЙ ТРАВМЫ ГРУДНОЙ КЛЕТКИ

Background. Closed chest trauma is one of the most dangerous and life-threatening critical conditions. Medicosocial topicality of the problem is associated with its high frequency, large number of complications (45.6% - 75%) and high mortality rate (2% - 6.2%). The choice of the optimal tactics of diagnostics and treatment of patients with chest trauma currently continues to be a topical problem in emergency surgery. Purpose. To detail the pattern of occurrence of complications in chest trauma for increasing the effectiveness of investigation and providing adequate qualified medical help in patients with chest trauma. Material and methods. Medical documentation of 259 patients with various complicated chest injuries over the period from 2007 to 2017 was analyzed. Patients in the dynamics underwent a standard x-ray examination of the chest, ultrasound (US) investigation of the pleural cavities, ultrasound investigation of the chest with examination of ribs and sternum, computed tomography of the chest. The developed algorithm of diagnostics and treatment was applied to all patients with closed chest trauma. Results. There were no discrepancies in diagnostics of localization and the number of damaged ribs and intrapleural complications in patients who underwent simultaneous plain chest radiography and chest ultrasound investigation. Surgical interventions were performed in 231 (89.2%) patients. Urgent surgical operations were carried out in 28 (10.8%) cases. All the patients were discharged in satisfactory condition. Conclusions. Rib fractures are the most frequent damage to the chest that causes complications. An intrapleural complication can occur with any number of damaged ribs and at any time of fracture consolidation. Ultrasound examination of the chest organs should be included in the investigation complex. Computed multislice tomography should be performed as a clarifying study. Active diagnostic and treating surgical tactics enable to obtain good results in treatment of complicated chest trauma.