In this paper, a novel single machine scheduling problem with deterioration depending on waiting times is investigated. Firstly, a new deterioration model for the problem is presented. Secondly, according to characteristics of the problem, dominance properties and lower bounds are proposed and integrated into the Branch and Bound algorithm (B & B) to solve the small-medium scale problems. Thirdly, for solving a large-scale problem, the Rules Guided Nested Partitions method (RGNP) is proposed. The numerical experiments show that when the size of the problem is no more than 17 jobs, the B & B algorithm can obtain the optimal solutions in a reasonable time. The RGNP method can also obtain an average error percentage for near-optimal solutions less than 0.048 within 0.2s. The analysis shows the efficiency of RGNP, and, hence, it can be used for solving large size problems.