Type Of Alcoholic Beverage Research Articles

Impact of alcohol consumption on the risk of developing bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Epidemiologic studies that investigated alcohol consumption in relation to the risk of bladder cancer (BCa) have demonstrated inconsistent results. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature to investigate the association of alcohol including different types of alcoholic beverages consumption with the risk of BCa. A systematic search of Web of Science, Medline/PubMed and Cochrane library was performed in May 2018. Studies were considered eligible if they assessed the risk of BCa due to alcohol consumption (moderate or heavy dose) and different types of alcoholic beverages (moderate or heavy dose) in multivariable analysis in the general population (all genders, males or females) or compared with a control group of individuals without BCa. observational cohorts or case-control. Sixteen studies were included in this meta-analysis. Moderate and heavy alcohol consumption did not increase the risk of BCa in the entire population. Sub-group and sensitivity analyses revealed that heavy alcohol consumption increased significantly the risk of BCa in the Japanese population, RR 1.31 (95% CI 1.08-1.58, P < 0.01) in the multivariable analysis, and in males RR of 1.50 (95% CI 1.18-1.92, P < 0.01), with no significant statistical heterogeneity. Moreover, heavy consumption of spirits drinks increased the risk of BCa in males, RR 1.42 (95% CI 1.15-1.75, P < 0.01). In this meta-analysis, moderate and heavy alcohol consumption did not increase the risk of bladder cancer significantly. However, heavy consumption of alcohol might increase the risk of BCa in males and in some specific populations.

Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer and Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study (OR17-07-19)

ObjectivesStudies regarding whether light to moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have generated mixed results. Further, few studies have comprehensively examined the potential impact of alcohol consumption on diverse disease outcomes. The current study aimed to prospectively investigate dose-response association between alcohol consumption and risk of developing major chronic diseases, including CVD, cancers and mortality. MethodsThe study consisted of 83,732 Chinese adults (aged 18–96 y) without history of CVD and cancer from the Kailuan Study, 2006–2007. Participants were categorized into 6 groups based on self-report alcohol consumption (grams of pure ethanol per week): 0, 1–25, 26–150, 151–350, 351–750, and >750 g/wk. Incident cases of CVD (including stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure andatrial fibrillation), cancers (total and site-specific), and mortality were confirmed by review of medical records. Major chronic disease was defined as the initial occurrence of CVD, cancer, or death during follow-up. ResultsDuring a median follow up of 10.0 years (interquartile range 9.7–10.2 years), there were 6411 incidences of CVDs, 2947 incidences of cancers and 6646 deaths. Compared to zero intake of alcohol, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 0.72 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67, 0.78) for consuming 1–25 g/wk, 0.83 (95%CI: 0.76, 0.90) for 26–150 g/wk, and 0.88 (95%CI: 0.81, 0.95) for 151–350 g/wk, after adjusting for age, sex, lifestyle (eg, smoking and obesity), social economic status, blood glucose concentration and medication use. A trend was identified between >750 g ethanol/wk and higher chronic disease risk (adjusted HR = 1.13; 95%CI: 0.95, 1.36), which reached significance for cancer (adjusted HR = 1.51; 95%CI: 1.07, 2.11). Similar results were observed in sub-group analyses alcoholic beverage type, occupation, men, >50 years, and never smokers. ConclusionsLight to moderate alcohol consumption has an overall beneficial effect for major chronic diseases. Funding SourcesThis research is supported by the start-up grant from the college of health and human development and the department of nutritional sciences, Penn State University and the Institute for CyberScience Seed Grant Program, Penn State University. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs▪

THE GENDER AGE AND SOCIAL ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION

The methods. The study was implemented within the framework of epidemiological study “The epidemiology of cardio-vascular diseases in the Russian Federation” (ESSE-RF). The analysis was applied to random sampling of male and female population aged from 25 to 64 years (1628 respondents in totality) residents of the Kemerovo region. The type of consumed alcoholic beverages, rate of consumption, average volume of alcohol consumed per one intake were analyzed. The genuine technique was applied to calculate annual volume of consumed alcohol and also to convert volumes of various types of alcoholic beverages in units of “safe” dosage of ethanol. The results. The most preferred alcoholic beverage are vodka (60.6%), beer (51.7%) and vine (52.2%). The males prefer vodka and beer, the females - vine. With increasing of age the consumption of beer decreases linearly from 74.3% in age group 25-34 years to 33.2% in age group 55-64 years. The preference of vodka is typical for individuals aged from 35 to 54 years (about 65%). The volume of consumption of alcohol reaches in average in sample 1.48 ± 2.07 of mean day dosage of ethanol. With age, volumes of consumed alcohol decrease from 2,17 ± 2,04 in younger age group to 0,75 ± 1,36 in elder age group. In females decreasing is linear and in males lenear too from age of 45 years. for females lower total volumes of consumed alcohol are more characteristic in comparison with the males. The alcohol is consumed basically in “rarely/little” (59,3%) and “often/little” (21,1%) degrees. The females predominantly consume alcohol “rarely/little” (77,4%). With age, increasing is noted of percentage of consuming “rarely/little” from 44.2% among individuals of 33-44 years old to 72.5% in age group 55-64 years. Among social economic indices, positive effect on decreasing of consumption of alcohol render higher education, availability of family (males), lacking of work. The conclusion. The established patterns testify significant effect of gender and age on type, volume and rate of alcohol consumption. The social economic factors make much lesser contribution to volumes of consumed alcohol. for a number of social economic factors no effect is established.

Awareness of cancer risk factors and protective factors among Australian adults.

Up to one-third of incident cancers in Australia are attributable to modifiable factors. Understanding the general public's awareness of cancer risk and protective factors is important for identifying knowledge gaps and informing the development of effective and targeted health promotion strategies. In a telephonic survey of 355 Western Australian adults aged 18-54years (48% male), with a sample skewed towards low-socio-economic status areas, respondents rated the effect on cancer risk of 11 established cancer risk factors and seven established cancer protective factors. Most respondents correctly recognised the increased cancer risk from sun tanning (94%), asbestos (92%), pesticide use (92%) and being overweight or obese (86%), and the protective effect of being physically active (82%). Half (52%) of respondents incorrectly believed that red wine decreased or had no effect on cancer risk. One in five respondents (19%) incorrectly believed that sunscreen use increased cancer risk. Only 18% of respondents were aware that human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination confers a protective effect, while 17% believed it increases risk. Although the majority of respondents were aware of certain established cancer risk and protective factors, a sizeable proportion held misconceptions about the cancer risk associated with red wine consumption, sunscreen use and HPV vaccination. SO WHAT?: Health promotion programs designed to educate the public about modifiable cancer risk factors may need to increase public awareness of the safety of preventive factors such as HPV vaccination and sunscreen, and the increased cancer risk from consumption of all alcoholic beverage types, including red wine.

Photochemical oxidation of alcohols: Simple derivatization strategy for their analysis by capillary electrophoresis

The determination of ethanol is one of the most important parameters in the fermentation industry, influencing not only the production yield and the quality of the product, but also its commercial value. In addition to the traditional approach based on distillation/density, procedure that is considered laborious and time-consuming, methods based on chromatography are widely used. Alternatives using electrochemical, spectroscopic and colorimetric techniques have been also proposed for alcohol analysis. In general, these methods not only offer limited throughput, but also require harsh reaction conditions and/or complex instrumentation. Aiming to address these shortcomings, we propose a fast, simple and clean analytical approach for the determination of primary alcohols based on the photochemical oxidation under UV-LED irradiation in the presence of H2O2. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of 12 different types of alcoholic beverages with an alcohol content ranging from 5% v/v (beer) to 53% v/v (whiskey).

Trends and Correlates of High-Risk Alcohol Consumption and Types of Alcoholic Beverages in Middle-Aged Korean Adults: Results From the HEXA-G Study.

BackgroundWe aimed to report the prevalence and correlates of high-risk alcohol consumption and types of alcoholic beverages.MethodsThe baseline data of the Health Examinees-Gem (HEXA-G) study participants, including 43,927 men and 85,897 women enrolled from 2005 through 2013, were used for analysis. Joinpoint regression was performed to estimate trends in the age-standardized prevalence of alcohol consumption. Associations of demographic and behavioral factors, perceived health-related effects, social relationships, and the diagnostic history of diseases with alcohol consumption were assessed using multinomial logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of alcohol consumption remained higher in men during the study period and increased in women. The amount of alcohol consumed has increased in women, especially that from beer and makgeolli, a traditional Korean fermented rice wine. Older participants were less likely to be high-risk drinkers (men and women who drink more than 40 or 20 g/day of alcohol, respectively) and drink Soju, a distilled liquor, and beer, and more likely to drink makgeolli. Educational level was negatively associated with high-risk drinking. However, it was positively associated with the consumption of strong spirits and wine. Smoking was associated with high-risk drinking and the consumption of soju and strong spirits. Engaging in regular exercise and having stress were associated with drinking all types of beverages except for soju.ConclusionsSex-specific trends in alcohol consumption were influenced by demographic, behavioral, and perceived health-related factors. The findings will help improve the understanding of alcohol-related problems and provide evidence for establishing country-specific policies and campaigns in Korea.

Evolution of alcohol and tobacco consumption in young people in Spain, after the law 42/2010 against smoking: 2011-2014.

The objective of the study was to evaluate alcohol and tobacco consumption in young people in Spain, after Law 42/2010, during the interval of 2011-2014. The sample consisted of 3270 young people aged between 15 and 24 years who completed the National Survey of Health in Spain (ENSE) of 2011 and the European Survey of Health in Spain (EESE) of 2014. Variables: consumption, type of tobacco, attempts to quit smoking, consumption and type of alcoholic beverage, binge drinking, and sociodemographic variables. Logistic regression analysis was performed with the sociodemographic variables. The results indicated a decrease in tobacco and alcohol consumption from 2011 to 2014, and increased attempts to quit smoking. Beer is the most popular drink, most consumption is carried out between 1 and 2 days per week, and half of the young people who drink alcohol have taken part in binge drinking in the last 12 months. There are significant differences in tobacco and alcohol consumption. Between 2011 and 2014, the number of occasional and daily smokers, and alcohol consumption decreased, coinciding with the entry into force of Law 42/2010. Binge drinking is the most common pattern among young people. The factors that relate to greater consumption of tobacco are: being male, being married, and not having university studies. On another hand, the variables related to alcohol consumption are: being male, having Spanish nationality and university studies.

Investigation of relationship between sake-making parameters and sake metabolites using a newly developed sake metabolome analysis method

We developed a sake metabolome analysis method using liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry to investigate the metabolome of various types of sakes and other alcohol beverages. Our method identified 198 compounds by comparison with standard metabolites. Using this method, we investigated the relationship between several sake-making parameters and sake metabolites by conducting combination experiments of these parameters using small-scale fermentation. The results indicated that all parameters significantly affected sake metabolites (P < 0.005) and most peaks were affected by multiple sake-making parameters. Interestingly, the effect of the rice cultivar on sake metabolites was higher for koji rice than for kake-rice. This result suggests that the rice cultivar used has a greater effect on the characteristics of Aspergillus oryzae compared to sake yeast and affects sake metabolites. In this study, we also evaluated the combined effect of several parameters. We demonstrated the different effects of each parameter on several amino acids. The results showed a new aspect of the science of sake making. For example, the amount of α-ethylglucoside, which can affect the taste of sake, was negatively correlated with α-glucosidase activity in koji (r=-0.84). In this study, various unidentified peaks were observed; detectable peaks can be increased by analyzing additional standard reagents. Investigating these unidentified peaks and accumulating datasets for sake-making parameters will give us insight into how to improve sake taste and quality.

Alcohol and delirium tremens: effects of average number of drinks per day and beverage type.

Associations of amount of alcohol intake and beverage type with the risk of delirium tremens (DT) have not been studied. This longitudinal study investigated if the average number of drinks per day and beverage type predict DT. A cohort of 3 582 alcohol-dependent men and women aged 19-82 without previous DT were interviewed about alcohol intake and beverage type at baseline in 1994-2005 and followed through record linkage in Danish nationwide registers to identify incident DT. Data were analyzed by means of Cox regression models. An average number of drinks per day of 20-30 or >30 was associated with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.38 (95% CI 1.03-1.84) and 1.64 (95% CI 1.19-2.27) relative to the reference category (1-9 drinks). Independently of amount consumed and covariates (age, gender, civil status and work status), beverage type (spirits vs. mixed alcohol) was associated with a HR of 1.63 (95% CI 1.08-2.46). Male gender was robustly associated with increased risk (HR = 1.62 (95% CI 1.25-2.08). In alcohol-dependent men and women, daily alcohol intake above a threshold of 20 beverages or 240 g alcohol and a preference for spirits increase the risk of developing DT.

Acetaldehyde contents and quality characteristics of commercial alcoholic beverages.

The quality characteristics of commercial alcoholic beverages (yakju, diluted soju, and fruit wines) were evaluated by assessing pH, total acidity, acetaldehyde, SO2, and flavonoid content. pH level was the highest in diluted soju, and total acidity and flavonoid content were higher in fruit wines compared to others. SO2 was detected only in fruit wines, and the total SO2 content was higher in the order of white wine > red wine > plum wine. Acetaldehyde contents were different according to the type of alcoholic beverage and analytic method of titration, enzymatic, headspace-GC and OIV methods. In fruit wines, acetaldehyde contents were significantly different according to analytic method (p < 0.05), and acetaldehyde bound to SO2 affected its quantification, resulting in lower acetaldehyde contents assessed by titration and headspace-GC than enzymatic and OIV methods. Therefore, selection of an appropriate analytic method is important for quantification of acetaldehyde in alcoholic beverages.

Identifying Triggers of Alcohol Craving to Develop Effective Virtual Environments for Cue Exposure Therapy.

Background: Many studies have indicated that alcohol craving is a core mechanism in the acquisition, maintenance, and precipitation of relapse in alcohol use disorder (AUD). A common treatment approach in AUD is cue exposure therapy (CET). New technologies like virtual reality (VR) have the potential to enhance the effectiveness of CET by creating realistic scenarios in naturalistic environments. In this study, we aimed to determine relevant triggers of alcohol craving in patients with AUD.Methods: We enrolled 75 outpatients diagnosed with AUD according to the DSM-5 criteria Participants completed the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test and a self-administered questionnaire to assess alcohol craving. The variables included in the craving questionnaire were as follows: presence of others, situations, time of the day, day of the week, mood, and type of alcoholic beverage.Results: Greater levels of alcohol craving were seen in many situations, including being at a party, in a restaurant, in a bar or pub, and at home. Drinking alone and drinking with two or more friends were equally associated with higher levels of craving. Drinking at night and drinking at weekends also emerged as triggers for alcohol craving. Emotional states like anxiety or tension, sadness, stress, frustration, or irritability were highly associated with urges to drink alcohol. The alcoholic drinks most highly associated with increased levels of craving were beer, wine, and whisky. Gender and age implications were discussed.Conclusion: This study is part of a larger project aiming to develop and validate CET based on VR technology for patients with AUD who are resistant to classical treatment. The identified triggers have been used to develop relevant VR environments for CET, and further research is ongoing to implement our findings.

Consumo de alcohol y perfil lipidico en participantes del Estudio Longitudinal de Salud del Adulto (ELSA-Brasil)

Introduction: dyslipidemias are commonly defined by low levels of HDL-c and high levels of triglycerides and LDL-c as an alteration in the functioning of lipoproteins. Several factors are related to this pathogenesis, and one of them is the consumption of alcohol, presenting divergences between the amount and the type of alcoholic drink that must be consumed to find effects of association with the lipid parameters. Objective: to investigate the relationship between alcohol consumption and the type of alcoholic beverage with HDL-c and triglycerides in participants of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brazil). Methods: observational, cross-sectional study, developed from baseline data from the ELSA-Brazil (2008-2010). The consumption of alcoholic beverages was estimated in doses/week and categorized in tertiles (1-7, 7-14 and > 14 doses/week) and by type of alcoholic beverage (beer, wine and distillates). Lipid parameters were used as continuous data. Linear regression models were performed for each type of alcoholic beverage. The confidence level was 5%. Results: HDL-c and triglycerides increased with the increase in the number of doses/week of beer. The consumption of wine between 1-7 and 7-14 doses/week raises HDL-c. Conversely, triglycerides tend to decrease when consumption is 1-7 doses/week. Consumption of distillates > 14 doses/week increase HDL-c. Conclusion: HDL-c increased plasma levels directly with the consumption of all types of alcoholic beverages. Conversely, triglycerides decrease with wine consumption.

Various Risk Factors Associated with Severity of Liver Disease in ALD Patients

Introduction: Excessive intake of alcohol becomes a major healthcare issue worldwide with consequencesaffecting socially, economically, and clinically and recorded 3.3 million deaths in 2012 (WHO 2014)29.Heavy drinking over a long period of time damages almost every organ of the body especially liver.Objective: To assess the various risk factors associated with severity of liver disease in ALD patientsMaterial and Method: There were 953 total subjects taken for study. They all were drinking alcohol, out ofwhich 60 were diagnosed as ALD patients and they were further studied for various risk factors responsiblefor progression of ALD.Results: Total 953 males drinking alcohol from minimum five years were studied. Out of the 953 drinkers,60 were ALD patients (various degree of progression). None of the were taking any medicines since last 2months. Anti-HCV and HBsAg were negative in all patients. Various risk factors were studied like averagedaily alcohol intake, duration of drinking, type of alcohol beverage and drinking habits etc. Daily alcoholconsumption higher than 20gm and minimum for 5 yearsfound to be significant with progression of ALD.Itwas also resulted that maximum subjects (38.61%) were drinking hard liquors followed by Beer (30.74%),Multiple alcohol beverage (20.25%) and wine (10.38%). 87.82% of the total subjects were drinking alcoholat meal time or with meals and the daily alcohol intake was significantly lower than that of the alcoholconsumed at any time (means with and without meals) (p<0.05).Conclusion: The analyzed data highlights that ALD is a major and chronic health condition resulting fromvarious risk factorswhich can be preventable.

Abstract P227: Association of Alcohol Intake with Cardiovascular and Total Mortality

Introduction: Moderate alcohol intake is associated with reduced risk of ischemic heart disease and total mortality but might have a detrimental role in several other diseases (in particular some cancers). The association of moderate alcohol intake with reduced total mortality has therefore been questioned. Hypothesis: Alcohol intake have a non-linear association with cardiovascular (CV) and total mortality. Methods: Using harmonised data from the cohorts in the MOnica Risk, Genetics, Archiving and Monograph (MORGAM) Project, the association of alcohol intake with risk of cardiovascular disease and total mortality was assessed using multivariable Cox regression. Multiple imputation (n=10) was used to accommodate missing data for covariates. Results: 67.4% of the populations studied were drinkers (median intake among drinkers 11 g/day of ethanol, no missing data). Their mortality was observed over median follow-up of 13.8 yrs and covariates (age, sex, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, history of CVD, BMI and level of education) were available for 19 cohorts (1 from Australia and 18 from Europe), including 197,113 individuals (mean age 51±12 y, 60% men, no missing data) and 36,730 deaths (12,644 coronary or cerebrovascular). Former drinkers (2.8%) were excluded from the reference group, which thus comprised habitual teetotallers only (17.7%). Because of missing data, we failed to distinguish between teetotallers and former drinkers in n=24,036 (12.2%) non-drinkers; these individuals were analysed separately but not included in the reference group. In comparison with the reference group, intake of alcohol up to 5 g/day was associated with a 10.5% (95%CI: 6.7% to 14.2%) reduction in the risk of total mortality and 11.8% (5.2% to 17.9%) in the risk of CV mortality; intake between 5 and 10 g/day with a 6.5% (2.0% to 11.0%) and a 3.4% (0.3% to 15.5%) reduction, respectively, while intake over 20 g/day was associated with a 14.5% (9.6% to 19.7%) increase in risk of total mortality and a 6.3% (-1.5% to 14.7%) rise in the risk of CV mortality. Findings were similar in men and women and according to level of education, whereas they were heterogeneous across Countries, with greater protection by alcohol observed in Italy and France and lowest in Australia. The reduced risk of mortality associated with alcohol in moderation was more marked when the beverage of preference was wine rather than beer or spirits; the increased risk associated with heavy intake appeared in individuals whose beverage of preference was beer or spirits. Conclusions: Using a large multi Country cohort, we confirmed that intake of more than 2 alcoholic units per day is associated with a detrimental health effect, while intake of alcohol in moderation (up to 1 unit per day) is associated with reduced risk of CV and total mortality, with small variations according to Country and type of alcoholic beverage.

The prevalence and patterns of alcohol consumption among female estate labourers in the medical officer of health area, Kothmale, Sri Lanka

Background Alcohol consumption among females is not common in socio-cultural background of Sri Lanka. Although accurate estimates are not available for Sri Lankan estate sector, alcohol consumption among females is reported to be high. Objectives The objective was to determine the prevalence and patternsof alcohol consumption among female estate labourers in Medical officer of Health area, Kothmale. Methodology A community based cross sectional study was carried out in a sample of 368 adult (>18 years) female estate labourers in 2014. Sample was collected using multi stage probability proportionate random sampling technique from 15 sub divisions in five estates in Kothmale MOH area using pay sheet as the sampling frame. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used. Results The response rate was 95.1%.Prevalence of alcohol consumption among estate sector females (ever drinkers) was 31.25% (95% CI, 26.51% – 35.99%). Prevalence of current drinkers, former drinkers and quitters were 16.8% (95% CI, 13.0% – 20.6%), 8.4 % (95% CI, 5.6% – 11.2%) and 6.0 % (3.6% – 8.4%) respectively. Most consumed alcoholic beverage was arrack (74.8%) followed by beer (43.5%) and toddy (28.7%). Home of the drinker was the most preferred place of drinking (57.4%, n=66). Husband was the commonest companion (53%, n=61). Most of the ever drinkers used to drink after work (80%, n=92). The main reason given was to relieve work stress (84.3%, n=97). Alcohol consumption was significantly associated with increased age (p<0.0001) and low level of education (p<0.0001). Consumption of more than one type of alcoholic beverage was significantly associated with increased age (p=0.014) and high family income (p =0.004). Conclusions Prevalence of alcohol consumption among female estate labourers in MOH area Kothmale is 31.25% and it is higher than for the rest of the country. Patterns of drinking and their unique characteristics need to be considered when implementing preventive measures in this population. Key words Alcohol, Estate, Female, Prevalence, Patterns

Wine and beer within a moderate alcohol intake is associated with higher levels of HDL-c and adiponectin

The scientific evidence available on the association between moderate alcohol intake and levels of blood cardiometabolic markers is still inconsistent and difficult to interpret for future disease prevention. However, we hypothesize that moderate consumption of alcohol is associated with lower levels of inflammation markers and higher levels of protective cardiometabolic markers. Thus, this work aimed to examine the associations of moderate alcohol intake and the type of alcoholic beverage with metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers. An observational, cross-sectional study including 143 apparently healthy adults 55 years of age and older was performed. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect information on alcoholic beverage intake frequency, food frequency, physical activity, socioeconomic status, diseases and medications, and other health-related habits. Three groups were established prior to recruitment: (1) abstainers and occasional consumers (ABS, n = 54); (2) beer consumers (BEER ≥80% of total alcohol intake; n = 40), and (3) mixed beverage consumers (MIXED; n = 49). Univariate analysis of variance models, adjusted for confounding factors and covariables, were performed. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and sP-selectin were significantly higher in the MIXED group than in the ABS group, and adiponectin was higher in the MIXED group compared to the BEER group. All alcohol consumers also had higher mean platelet volume values compared to ABS. In linear regression analyses, HDL-c, sP-selectin, and adiponectin were positively associated with wine intake (g/d) (P < .001, P = .014, and P = .017, respectively); and mean platelet volume, with beer intake (P = .017). In conclusion, this cross-sectional study showed that moderate alcohol intake is associated with higher levels of HDL-c and adiponectin compared to those in abstainers, which are mainly explained by wine intake.

Features of the cellular immune response in men with disorders of reproductive function depending on the type of alcoholic beverages consumed

Актуальність роботи зумовлена недостатньою інформативністю та відсутністю чітких відомостей про вплив алкогольних напоїв як на субпопуляційний склад лімфоцитів зокрема, так і на фертильність еякуляту загалом. Мета роботи – вивчення особливостей клітинної ланки імунної системи в чоловіків із порушенням репродуктивної функції залежно від типу й кількості спожитого алкоголю. Матеріали та методи. Обстежили 74 чоловіків віком від 20 до 55 років, яких поділили на 3 групи. Контрольна група – 17 фертильних, практично здорових чоловіків, які не вживають спиртні напої та мають 1–2 дітей. Друга група (порівняння) – 17 чоловіків без порушень фертильності, які вживають, але не зловживають усіма типами спиртних напоїв (1–2 дози алкоголю приблизно раз на 1–3 місяці). Третя група – 40 чоловіків із порушеннями фертильних властивостей еякуляту, які зловживають алкогольними напоями (6 і більше одиниць алкоголю за раз або 22 та більше доз на тиждень). Залежно від типу алкоголю цю групу поділили на 3 підгрупи: 3а підгрупа – 13 пацієнтів, які зловживають міцними алкогольними напоями; 3б – 15 пацієнтів, які зловживають пивом; 3в («змішана» група) – 12 пацієнтів, котрі зловживають пивом і міцними алкогольними напоями. Всім чоловікам здійснили комплексне дослідження, що включало опитування за допомогою скринінг-тесту AUDIT й оцінювання показників клітинної ланки специфічного імунітету. Результати. У всіх обстежених чоловіків (як з порушеннями репродуктивної функції, так і без) виявили вторинний Т-клітинний імунодефіцит, а фактором, який посилював (призводячи до глибших порушень імунітету), було вживання різних типів алкогольних напоїв. Висновки. Приймання різних типів спиртних напоїв підвищує імуногенність власних білків і, як наслідок, викликає аутоімунну відповідь: здебільшого при вживанні пива – ознаки аутоімунного процесу ще задовго до розвитку клінічної картини, меншою – при вживанні міцних спиртних напоїв (горілки) – наявність лише аутоімунного компонента.

The Relationship Between Alcohol Beverage Types and Violence

There is substantial evidence of an ecological association between off-premise alcohol outlets and violence. We know less, however, about how specific beverage types that are sold in the outlets might explain the difference in violence rates across different alcohol outlets. Data on alcohol beverage types were collected for all off-premise alcohol outlets in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, using a systematic social observation instrument. Spatially lagged regression models were estimated to determine whether the variation in alcohol beverage types is related to robbery density net of important neighborhood predictors of crime rates. Availability of all alcohol beverage types (beer, wine, spirits, premixed, single beer, single spirits, single premixed) was positively associated with the density of robberies, net of neighborhood characteristics. Reducing alcohol beverages, regardless of the beverage type, sold at off-premise alcohol outlets may reduce violence in communities.

Alcohol consumption and lung cancer risk: A pooled analysis from the International Lung Cancer Consortium and the SYNERGY study

BackgroundThere is inadequate evidence to determine whether there is an effect of alcohol consumption on lung cancer risk. We conducted a pooled analysis of data from the International Lung Cancer Consortium and the SYNERGY study to investigate this possible association by type of beverage with adjustment for other potential confounders. MethodsTwenty one case-control studies and one cohort study with alcohol-intake data obtained from questionnaires were included in this pooled analysis (19,149 cases and 362,340 controls). Adjusted odds ratios (OR) or hazard ratios (HR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for each measure of alcohol consumption. Effect estimates were combined using random or fixed-effects models where appropriate. Associations were examined for overall lung cancer and by histological type. ResultsWe observed an inverse association between overall risk of lung cancer and consumption of alcoholic beverages compared to non-drinkers, but the association was not monotonic. The lowest risk was observed for persons who consumed 10–19.9 g/day ethanol (OR vs. non-drinkers = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.91), where 1 drink is approximately 12–15 g. This J-shaped association was most prominent for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The association with all lung cancer varied little by type of alcoholic beverage, but there were notable differences for SCC. We observed an association with beer intake (OR for ≥20 g/day vs nondrinker = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.90). ConclusionsWhether the non-monotonic associations we observed or the positive association between beer drinking and squamous cell carcinoma reflect real effects await future analyses and insights about possible biological mechanisms.

Evaluation of the Effect of Different Yeast Strains on the Quality of Blackberry Grape Wine (&lt;em&gt;Syzygium cumini&lt;/em&gt; L. Skeels)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different yeast strains (Lalvin 71B-112, Red Star Premier Cuvee, Red Star Montrachet) on the quality of blackberry grape wines. Blackberry grape ( Syzygium cumini L. Skeels), as it is known in the Atlantic coast, grows with great abundance and on a wild basis in gardens, streets and avenues, but it is rarely used by this region’s inhabitants. In the fermentation process, yeast strains were inoculated within three fermentation musts with the same physicochemical characteristics, cleared up with Bentonite (USP grade) and different parameters such as pH, alcohol levels, color, residual sulfur, appearance and sensory analysis were evaluated; then, the results were subjected to a statistical analysis with “Statgraphics1” and “Excel” to identify if there were significant differences amongst wine samples from the blackberry grapes. The results showed that the grape wine with the best characteristics was the one fermented with the Red Star yeast, which displayed superior quality with respect to the others. In the color evaluation, the % of red saw a decrease. The alcohol production that was obtained was influenced by the initial pH resulting in a characteristic degree of alcohol for this type of alcoholic beverage. It was determined that the optimum dose for the process of clearing in blackberry grape wine is 0.9 g/L of albumin since it complies with all the parameters established in the standard.