Analytical interferences are very common in clinical laboratories, so professionals must develop strategies for their detection, avoiding incorrect results that can lead to inappropriate diagnoses and treatments. An isolated 1040 error (absorbance-related) in the Alanine Aminotransferase2 (ALT2) assay performed on the Abbott Alinity c that occurred in 158 samples over 7 months was investigated. Highly lipemic or hemolyzed samples were excluded, and an error due to an increased concentration of total proteins was ruled out, all of which are documented analytical interferences. We isolated immunoglobulin (Ig) with an increased concentration (monoclonal components: 149 IgM, 7 IgG, and 2 IgA) from all analyzed samples, so the presence of this error solely in the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) assay had a 100% positive predictive value for monoclonal gammopathy. Serum viscosity was elevated in all cases, which is the reason for the detected interference. Treatment of IgM samples with dithiothreitol confirmed that dissociation of the pentamers eliminates the error in ALT determination. The detection of this interference in samples from patients without recent immunoglobulin determinations indicates the presence of a significant and isolated increase in the concentration of one of them, potentially leading to the diagnosis of a previously unknown monoclonal gammopathy.

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effects of Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK) on liver injury induced by cholestasis and its mechanisms in regulating bile acid metabolism. Methods: The cholestatic mouse model was established by bile duct ligation (BDL). A total of 35 male C57BL/6J mice (8 weeks old) were divided into 5 groups using a random numder table method (7 mice per group): group A (control group), group B (BDL group), group C (BDL+AKK group), group Z (BDL+AKK+Z/E-guggulsterone group), and group G (BDL+AKK+Gly-β-muricholic acid group). Preoperative and postoperative changes in liver function and bile acid metabolism indicators was observed of mice in groups A, B, and C. The liver function and fibrosis markers were compared between groups, as well as serum, liver, and fecal total bile acid levels, fecal bile acid composition, liver histopathology, and the mRNA expression of key proteins involved in the bile acid enterohepatic circulation and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling pathway were compared. Multiple groups of data were compared using analysis of variance or nonparametric Kruskal Wallis H test. Results: Twelve days after BDL, in groups A, B, and C, mice in group C exhibited milder postoperative jaundice and their body weights on postoperative days 4-5 and 7-11 were heavier than those in group B mice (all P<0.05). The liver tissues of mice in group C were milder than those in group B in terms of appearance, histopathology, inflammation and liver fibrosis (all P<0.05). The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, as well as the expression levels of liver α-smooth muscle actin and type Ⅰ collagen, and the levels of total liver bile acid and fecal β-murine bile acid in the C group mice were all lower than those of group B mice ((46±20) vs. (90±34) U/L, (96±17) vs.(122±31) U/L, (2.01±0.11)% vs. (7.55±0.21)%, (1.92±0.10)% vs. (7.28±0.51)%, (62±14) vs. (124±39) μmol/mg, 3 052 (1 522, 6 406) vs. 14 756 (6 582, 33 474) ng/g, all P<0.05). And the mRNA expression levels of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase and bile salt export pump of the ileum, etc. in group C mice were lower than those in group B mice (all P<0.05), while the mRNA expression levels of FXR and fibroblast growth factor 15 in the intestine were higher than those in group B mice (all P<0.05). In groups B, C, Z, and G, compared with group C, mice in groups Z and G had aggravated liver injury and fibrosis, increased total bile acid levels in the liver, and increased serum alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and expression levels of liver α-smooth muscle activator protein and type I collagen (all P<0.05). There was no statistically difference in the above indicators between group Z and group G (all P<0.05). Conclusion: AKK reduces liver bile acid synthesis, regulates bile acid metabolism, alleviate liver function damage and fibrosis, and improves clinical phenotypes by activating the intestinal FXR-fibroblast growth factor 15 signaling pathway.

Objective: HBV-DNA levels are used to diagnose Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB), determine the stage of infection, decide on treatment and determine the course of the disease. HBeAg is a marker of active viral replication and transcription, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are markers of liver inflammation. This study aims to investigate the relationship between HBV-DNA levels and age, biochemical and microbiological parameters in patients followed up with a preliminary diagnosis of CHB in our hospital. Materials and Methods: HBV-DNA, microbiological and biochemical parameters test results from blood samples of 264 patients followed up in our hospital with a preliminary diagnosis of CHB between May 2021 and May 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. HBV-DNA levels were divided into three groups as HBV-DNA Negative (Group 1), HBV-DNA 10-2000 IU/mL (Group 2) and HBV-DNA&gt;2000 IU/mL (Group 3). Statistical analyses were performed with the MedCalc (version 20.009; Ostend, Belgium) statistical package program. Results: HBeAg positivity was significantly lower in HBV-DNA negative patients compared to patients with HBV-DNA 10-2000 IU/mL and HBV-DNA &gt;2000 IU/mL and in patients with HBV-DNA 10-2000 IU/mL compared to patients with HBV-DNA &gt;2000 IU/mL (p2000 IU/mL compared to patients with HBV-DNA negative and HBV-DNA 10-2000 IU/mL. No statistically significant correlation was found between HBV-DNA levels and WBC, HGB, MCV, RDW, GGT, ALP, Total protein, albumin, PT, aPTT, INR values. Conclusion: A significant relationship was found between HBeAg and ALT, AST values and HBV-DNA levels in CHB patients. These parameters can be used together to diagnose CHB disease, establish the stage of infection, decide on treatment and determine the course of the disease.

Synergistic effects of sericin and mulberry leaf alkaloid combination therapy on type 2 diabetes via gut microbiota modulation.

A cationic thermosensitive polymer scaffold combined with fibroblast growth factor- 4/insulin-like growth factor-1 (FGF-4/IGF-1) promotes liver regeneration in acute liver failure.

Biochemical Profile of Recovered Individuals With Mild COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional View at Two Different Time Points.

Bioactive Neo-Clerodane Diterpenoids from Baccharis trimera: Identification and Hepatoprotective mechanisms.

Liquiritigenin attenuates alcohol-induced liver inflammation by regulating the SphK1/S1P/SPNS2 signaling pathway.

Changes in haematology, metabolic rate, and cellular structure of spleen and head kidney of brown trout, Salmo trutta, after exposure to polystyrene microplastic particles.

Subchronic hepatorenal toxicity induced by low-dose neonicotinoid pesticide imidaclothiz exposure in mice.

Differential toxic phenotypes and liver injury induced by Atractylenolides (I, II, and III): Insights from zebrafish (Danio rerio) models and network toxicology.

Laboratory data reveal diverse distribution patterns: Mapping individual variability for personalized laboratory medicine.

Electrochemical biosensors for MMP-9 in hepatitis B liver inflammation.

Artificial intelligence-enabled electrocardiography for risk prediction in chronic liver disease: A systematic review.

IFCC primary reference procedure for the measurement of catalytic activity concentrations of enzymes at 37°C. Part 10: Reference procedure for the measurement of catalytic concentration of pancreatic α-amylase.

To evaluate the preclinical efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) using doxorubicin-loaded biocompatible cellulose nanoparticles in a rabbit VX2 liver tumor model. Following institutional animal care committee approval, 23 rabbits with VX2 liver tumors were randomized into three groups: Group A (n = 9) received doxorubicin-loaded cellulose nanoparticles with ethiodized oil; Group B (n = 9) received doxorubicin with ethiodized oil; and Group C (n = 5) served as untreated controls. Tumor size was monitored via ultrasound for 4weeks, and serum liver enzymes (aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase) were measured on days 1, 3, and 7 to assess hepatotoxicity. An additional 10 healthy rabbits were randomized into two groups: Group D (n = 5) received doxorubicin-loaded cellulose nanoparticles with ethiodized oil, and Group E (n = 5) received doxorubicin with ethiodized oil, to measure serum doxorubicin concentrations up to 30min post-treatment. Group A demonstrated significantly slower overall tumor growth compared to Group C (p = 0.005) and slower growth between days 24 and 27 compared to Group B (p = 0.037). Pharmacokinetic analysis showed significantly lower serum doxorubicin levels in Group D than Group E at 2 and 5min post-delivery (p < 0.05). Hepatotoxicity peaked at 24h, with significantly lower alanine transaminase levels in Group A compared to Group B (p = 0.025), normalizing by day 7. TACE using doxorubicin-loaded cellulose nanoparticles demonstrated promising preclinical efficacy and safety compared to conventional TACE. No level of evidence, Animal Study.

Intravenous lipid emulsions are a key component of parenteral nutrition, and their fatty acid compositions may influence immune responses and clinical outcomes. This retrospective cohort study conducted from January 2020 to December 2022 compared clinical outcomes of hospitalized non-critical care patients receiving parenteral nutrition with either mixed oil or soybean oil lipid emulsions for at least 48 h. The primary outcome was a composite of the presence of pneumonia, urinary tract infection, or an intra-abdominal collection diagnosed within 14 days of initiating parenteral nutrition. Secondary outcomes included catheter-related bloodstream infection, length of hospital stay, duration of antibiotic therapy, in-hospital mortality, and changes in the aspartate transaminase (AST)/alanine transaminase (ALT) ratio over time. Among 266 patients (mixed oil lipid emulsion: n = 130; soybean oil lipid emulsion: n = 136) there was no statistically significant difference in all-cause infections (P = 0.21). In patients receiving lipid emulsions for >7 days, the use of mixed oil lipid emulsions was associated with a shorter median antibiotic duration (4 days: interquartile range [IQR] 1-8.5 vs 7 days: IQR 5-10; P = 0.04). Additionally, patients who received mixed oil emulsions for >7 days had a significantly greater change in the AST/alkaline phosphatase ratio after 14 days compared with the soybean oil group (β = -0.51; P = 0.02). Although there was no difference in all-cause infections between types of lipid emulsions, mixed oil lipid emulsions were associated with shorter antibiotic use and lower AST/ALT ratio in hospitalized, non-critical care patients receiving parenteral nutrition for >7 days.

Introduction: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a common condition that occurs in pregnancy with adverse outcomes. The Wingless and Int-1 ( WNT) signaling pathway is related to adipogenesis as well as inflammatory processes during pregnancy. WNT Inducible Signaling Pathway Protein 1 (WISP-1) has recently been described as a novel adipokine, which may participate in impaired glucose homeostasis. WISP-1 plays a critical part in the pathogenesis of obesity- and inflammationrelated diseases. Aim: To estimate WISP 1 levels and their association with hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in GDM. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the Obstetrics Antenatal Outpatient Department (OPD) of SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India, from December 2023 to May 2024. A total of 41 GDM patients and 41 normal healthy pregnant women between 12 to 28 weeks of pregnancy were included. Pregnant women were diagnosed as GDM, based on the Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group India criteria (DIPSI). The biochemical analytes such as fasting plasma glucose, Glucose Challenge Test (GCT), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TGL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI), WISP-1 and C-peptide levels were analysed. C-peptide derived C-Peptide Immunoreactivity Insulin Resistance (CPRIR) index, C-peptide based Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR CP) was calculated. Independent t-test was used for normal distribution and data was presented as mean±SD or the Mann-Whitney U test for skewed data and data presented as median (interquartile range). Correlation analysis was performed using Spearman’s correlation between parameters in GDM group. Statistical significance was defined as probability value, p&lt;0.05. Results: The mean age was 27.17 years in GDM group while in the control group it was 25.58 years. WISP 1 levels were found to be increased in GDM patients, 114.54 (69.29, 174.7) compared to healthy pregnant women, 95.5 (67.39, 160.76), but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.366). C peptide 0.46 (0.27, 0.88), HOMA-IR CP 1.51 (1.51, 1.53) were found to be significantly increased in GDM patients. WISP-1 does not correlate with hepatic steatosis (ρ=-0.207, p=0.193) and insulin resistance based on C peptide (ρ=-0.219, p=0.170) in GDM patients. Conclusion: WISP-1 has no correlation with hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance based on C peptide in GDM patients.

Introduction: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a common condition that occurs in pregnancy with adverse outcomes. The Wingless and Int-1 ( WNT) signaling pathway is related to adipogenesis as well as inflammatory processes during pregnancy. WNT Inducible Signaling Pathway Protein 1 (WISP-1) has recently been described as a novel adipokine, which may participate in impaired glucose homeostasis. WISP-1 plays a critical part in the pathogenesis of obesity- and inflammationrelated diseases. Aim: To estimate WISP 1 levels and their association with hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in GDM. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the Obstetrics Antenatal Outpatient Department (OPD) of SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India, from December 2023 to May 2024. A total of 41 GDM patients and 41 normal healthy pregnant women between 12 to 28 weeks of pregnancy were included. Pregnant women were diagnosed as GDM, based on the Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group India criteria (DIPSI). The biochemical analytes such as fasting plasma glucose, Glucose Challenge Test (GCT), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TGL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI), WISP-1 and C-peptide levels were analysed. C-peptide derived C-Peptide Immunoreactivity Insulin Resistance (CPRIR) index, C-peptide based Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR CP) was calculated. Independent t-test was used for normal distribution and data was presented as mean±SD or the Mann-Whitney U test for skewed data and data presented as median (interquartile range). Correlation analysis was performed using Spearman’s correlation between parameters in GDM group. Statistical significance was defined as probability value, p&lt;0.05. Results: The mean age was 27.17 years in GDM group while in the control group it was 25.58 years. WISP 1 levels were found to be increased in GDM patients, 114.54 (69.29, 174.7) compared to healthy pregnant women, 95.5 (67.39, 160.76), but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.366). C peptide 0.46 (0.27, 0.88), HOMA-IR CP 1.51 (1.51, 1.53) were found to be significantly increased in GDM patients. WISP-1 does not correlate with hepatic steatosis (ρ=-0.207, p=0.193) and insulin resistance based on C peptide (ρ=-0.219, p=0.170) in GDM patients. Conclusion: WISP-1 has no correlation with hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance based on C peptide in GDM patients.

MASLD and its progressive form MASH represent a global public health challenge due to their rising prevalence and their possible progression to cirrhosis and HCC. Resmetirom, dual (e.g., cotadutide, survodutide), and triple GRAs (e.g., retarutide) have demonstrated potential efficacy in recent clinical trials. This network meta-analysis evaluates the comparative efficacy and safety of these treatments. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Central for randomised controlled trials evaluating these medications versus placebo in adults with MASLD and MASH. The outcomes assessed included changes in ALT, AST, LDL, and HDL levels, changes in MRI-PDFF, safety outcomes (diarrhoea, fatigue, and nausea), serious adverse events, ELF, adiponectin, and MASH resolution with no worsening of fibrosis. Random-effects model and network meta-analysis methods were employed. Six trials met the inclusion criteria. GRAs significantly reduced ALT levels with MD of -22.10, while resmetirom demonstrated the greatest reduction in AST levels with a MD of -13.17. Resmetirom also led to a borderline significant increase in HDL with the most significant reduction in LDL levels. Moreover, GRAs showed a significant effect on MRI-PDFF with a MD of -46.09. Overall, resmetirom showed a more favourable safety profile. In addition, GRAs significantly decreased ELF scores, resmetirom significantly improved MASH resolution without worsening of fibrosis, and both treatments significantly increased adiponectin. GRAs superiorly reduce ALT levels, MRI-PDFF, and ELF. Resmetirom significantly reduces AST, HDL, and LDL levels, increases MASH resolution without worsening of fibrosis, and offers a more favourable safety profile. Both GRAs and resmetirom significantly increase adiponectin.