Types Of Airlines Research Articles

COVID-19: Impacts on air fares and air connectivity in the European Union

Air transport in the European Union was particularly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper investigates in detail the impact of the pandemic on air fares and connectivity indicators in the European Union using data from a global distribution system provider for air tickets for the period between 2018 and 2021. In order to identify heterogeneous effects of COVID-19 on air fares and connectivity, separate analyses are conducted for different destination regions and airline types. The results of this paper reveal that connectivity was stronger affected than air fares. For most indicators, a steady recovery is observable after a sharp initial shock in April 2020. A regression analysis indicates that the impact of COVID-19 on air fares and connectivity in 2020 differed considerably seasonally and geographically.

Inflight catering services – A comparison of central and decentral galleys inside the aircraft cabin, a concept-based approach

Inflight catering services are an essential part of the passenger experience, and they play a relevant role for the airline operation model. Taking into account trends toward greater individualization, increasing cost pressure, and the discussion about the sustainability of air travel, all stakeholders in the industry are investigating new catering scenarios. The aircraft kitchen, known as galley, is a central point for these considerations. The general design principles are from the 1960s, and although improvements have been made in terms of ergonomics and energy efficiency, the galley has remained roughly the same since then. It is a place for preparing meals and beverages for passengers, with storage and commissioning tasks. Meals and beverages are usually served using a service cart called trolley. Most of these tasks are performed manually and have a high degree of variability, due to the quantity and type of items and airlines' specific procedures, such as those related to travel classes and aircraft type or service level. This paper challenges the current view of galleys and proposes a concept-based comparison with a centralized and decentralized perspective. Our contribution aims to discuss new inflight catering services resulting from trends such as service individualization and to show the possible impact on the current operations.

CSR and Financial Performance in the Airline Industry: Moderating Effects of the Airline Type, Government Ownership and COVID-19

CSR and Financial Performance in the Airline Industry: Moderating Effects of the Airline Type, Government Ownership and COVID-19

The Importance of Service Attributes between Low-cost and Full-service Carrier Customers: A case of Airline Type Hybridisation

This study sought to assess if the importance attached by customers to the airline service attributes differed across low-cost and full-service airline models. A Mann-Whitney U Test was used to assess the difference between the two models. However, before subjecting the data to differential tests, an exploratory factor analysis (maximum likelihood) was performed on the fifty-five items of service attributes, reducing them into forty-two items retained into ten latent factors (airline service attributes). The results of the revealed a significant difference in the importance attached to staff competence, courtesy and responsiveness only. Such findings suggest that the positioning of airlines into binary (FSC - LCC) models could be a waste of effort and resources since airlines seem to be converging.

The Importance of Service Attributes between Low-cost and Full-service Carrier Customers: A case of Airline Type Hybridisation

The Importance of Service Attributes between Low-cost and Full-service Carrier Customers: A case of Airline Type Hybridisation

Examining COVID-19-triggered changes in spatial connectivity patterns in the European air transport network up to June 2021

The integrity of international supply chain operations heavily relies on air transport services to facilitate the movement of goods and enable human interactions between its stakeholders. With the outbreak of COVID-19 in Europe around March 2020, air transport networks have been subject to profound alterations. Although the link between variations in air transport service levels and changes in user costs for network-wide travel has been analysed extensively, few studies have examined the extent to which severe network shrinkage events lead to a reduction in network connectivity, which is therefore difficult to predict. This paper investigates how the COVID-19 pandemic has structurally altered the European air transport network in 2020/21 and how these changes have deteriorated users' ease when utilising network-wide air transport services. To do this, the paper estimates the change in average quickest path length at the airport level during different stages of this period. Results indicate there is strong heterogeneity in airports' susceptibility to pandemic-induced network changes, with both regional variations and variations in the airline type serving individual airports. Furthermore, topological features of individual airports are found to determine airport susceptibility. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for locational decisions in supply chain designs.

Does service failure criticality affect global travellers' service evaluations? An empirical analysis of online reviews

PurposeIncreased global air travel and competition in the airline industry entail better service delivery and failure management. This study examines how airline type, failure criticality and the traveller's culture influence travellers' airline evaluations of service failure.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a large data set of customers' online reviews and incorporates quantitative and qualitative feedback from 20 major airlines across the world. Semantic tagging, sentiment and multivariate analyses have been used to analyse the data.FindingsFailure criticality and travellers' cultural backgrounds significantly affect airline evaluations after service failures. Moreover, failure criticality influences evaluations of travellers from individualistic cultures more severely. Contrary to expectations, full-service airlines were evaluated positively after less critical service failures.Practical implicationsThe findings support that customers undergo different emotional states when they experience service failure. Understanding these internal emotional sensitivities and how services would be judged by travellers across cultures can help airlines to better manage their service recovery efforts and to strategise prioritisation of scarce resources.Originality/valueThough airline service failure has been well researched, this study examines the role of culture in service failure evaluations. The study uses a novel method to analyse a large data set of both quantitative and qualitative traveller feedback useful in service recovery management.

INFLUENCE OF AIRLINES’ SIZE AND LABOUR COSTS ON PROFITABILITY

It is important to examine profitability in the aviation sector and the factors that may affect it, due to their relevance for the airlines’ survival. The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of three internal business characteristics,namely labour costs, labour productivity and company size, on airlines’ profitability, considering the airline type as a moderating effect. We have collected data of 190 European airlines during a 10-year period (2004–2013) which allowed us to create an unbalanced panel of 1,364 observations. Four types of airlines are considered. Results show that cost per employee has a positive influence on economic performance, especially for major carriers and regional carriers. It is also confirmed that the carrier type influences the relationship between labour costs, labour productivity and company size on the one hand, and economic returns on the other. These findings are relevant as they improve our understanding of economic profitability in different airlines’ types.

Lealtad e intenciones de comportamiento: Análisis de diferencias entre pasajeros de Aerolíneas Mexicanas de bajo costo y de servicio completo

En distintas industrias y sectores, las empresas tratan de lograr clientes leales, con intenciones de comportamiento asociadas a esa lealtad. En un entorno tan competido como el transporte aéreo de pasajeros es imposible escapar de esta estrategia; las empresas que en él compiten, buscan generar ofertas valiosas para sus clientes. No obstante, esta variable se ha estudiado en los pasajeros de aerolíneas, aún existen brechas por indagar, y particularmente en el contexto mexicano son exiguos los trabajos realizados. Con el propósito de avanzar en el conocimiento, el objetivo de esta investigación es establecer si existen diferencias significativas en la lealtad y en las intenciones de comportamiento de pasajeros de líneas aéreas de servicio completo y la de los pasajeros de aerolíneas de bajo costo que viajan en vuelos nacionales en México. Se utilizó un diseño de investigación cuantitativo, no experimental, transversal, en una muestra no probabilística de 434 pasajeros, en el aeropuerto de Ciudad Juárez. Como técnica estadística se utilizó el Análisis de Varianza. Los resultados indican que no existen diferencias significativas entre los grupos, es decir, no es distinta la lealtad ni las intenciones de comportamiento entre los pasajeros de las aerolíneas de bajo costo y los pasajeros de las aerolíneas de servicio completo. Ni en términos actitudinales ni comportamentales, existen discrepancias, es decir, la predisposición favorable hacia las aerolíneas y las intenciones de comportamiento asociadas a ellas, son similares. En términos estratégicos, en ambos tipos de aerolínea, la lealtad se mantiene como un reto vigente. Ambos modelos de negocio, con ofertas de valor distintas, logran que sus clientes sean leales y que tengan la intención de seguir consumiendo, recomendando y hablando bien de la aerolínea en la que viajan.

AIRPORT TYPOLOGY FOR LCC POLICY CHANGES: A EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE

This paper proposes a new airport typology that might arise from the expansion of airports with dominant low cost carrier traffic. In the first part of the paper, the typologies and different airport categorizations are reviewed with examples of current taxonomies used by principal international organizations. However, none of the current airport taxonomies takes into account low cost (LCC) carriers and cannot be used to create an airport market strategy with LCC operation. The paper highlights the characteristic of LCC features, the differences between the LCC airlines, and the characteristics of secondary – low cost airports. Finally, the paper proposes a new taxonomy of airports with low cost operations based on the airport data analysis and expert panel elucidation. For identification of airports with a high share of low cost carriers, Eurocontrol 2013 data on airline types and movements were used. The novel classification of low cost airports enables management to design marketing strategies to respond to LCC dominance and its implications. The main contribution of this research is to provide a novel classification for low cost airports which is relatively new phenomenon comparing with the problems of full service carriers dominance at large airports.

항공기 객실서비스의 고객경험(CX)이 객실서비스만족도 및 고객충성도에 미치는 영향

The experience of customer on services gives a significant impact on the satisfaction and future behavioral intention of customer. In case that the space for providing services is physically limited, it is necessary to examine the characteristics more specifically. This study is based on exploring experience economy, and investigated the impact of customer experience on the cabin service satisfaction and customer loyalty of the aircraft. The survey was conducted online with passengers who had experience with international flights within six months. A total of 292 questionnaires were used for analysis. The results reveal that cabin service satisfaction significantly affected in order of relational experience and emotional experience, and the customer loyalty is significantly affected in order of emotional experience, relational experience, and cognitive experience. The significant influence of both relational and emotional experience seems to stemmed from the characterization of aircraft cabin service. The results show that the differences between groups according to airline type (FSC/LCC) though multi group analysis. FSC airlines is influenced by effects on relational experience and sensible experience, and LCC airlines is influenced by effects on relational experience, emotional experience and cognitive experience. This study identified the factors of customer experience(CX) that revealed the characteristics of aircraft cabin service, based on the theoretical foundation of the experience economy. In addition, the findings suggest what needs to be focused on to strengthen the competitiveness of cabin service.

항공사 SNS의 특성이 SNS신뢰, SNS참여의도에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구 : 항공사 유형의 조절효과를 중심으로

항공사 SNS의 특성이 SNS신뢰, SNS참여의도에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구 : 항공사 유형의 조절효과를 중심으로

The implementation of Mamdani fuzzy inference system (FIS) method for decision making to choose direct and transit airline types in Indonesia

Choosing the type of airline tickets is determined by several factors, including types of direct or transit flights, ticket prices, facility and travel time. The purpose of this research is to determine the decision to purchase the direct and transit type airline tickets. In this research, the data were collected from Yogyakarta-Jakarta (Round Trip) amounted 93 and Yogyakarta-Medan (Round Trip) amounted 21 travel routes. This research used Mamdani fuzzy method with the following steps, determining the membership function of each input variable, determining the fire strength for each type of plane ticket, and determining Mamdani fuzzy inference system max-min. The results show that the highest electability for direct airline ticket types is Batik Air - Garuda (Round Trip) ticket type with the ticket price is IDR 1,501,200, facility score is 60 and travel time is around 140 minutes. While, the highest electability for transit tickets is Garuda - Garuda (Round Trip) with the ticket price is IDR 6,169,400, facility score is 60 and travel time is around 615 minutes.

Have Low-Cost Carriers Crowded Out Full Services and Charter Carriers in Tourism Destinations? A Trivariate Structural Time Series Analysis

Long-haul tourist arrivals depend on the airline market, its size, and the degree of competition. This article studies the entry and exit of full service carriers (FSCs), charter carriers (CCs) and low-cost carriers (LCCs) from two origins: the United Kingdom and Germany, and five sun-and-beach destinations in Spain. The relationship among all types of airlines is captured with a trivariate structural time series model to disentangle the airlines’ responses under common shocks of airlines’ entry and/or exit and provides estimates of immediate responses and indicators of responses over time. The results show that in the British market, the entry of LCCs has crowded out FSCs and CCs. However, in the German market, the results are heterogeneous and overall do not support the existence of such crowding out effect.

Examining online ratings and customer satisfaction in airlines

ABSTRACTIn the intensely competitive environment, customer satisfaction has become the key focus of airlines to help them retain existing customers and enhance opportunities of attracting new customers. The present study focuses on understanding the importance of various attributes that impact passenger satisfaction based on online ratings from TripAdvisor for India. In doing this, we differentiate between the type of passenger (based on nationality) and type of airline (low cost and full service). Results indicate that service and value for money attributes are the most important factors influencing customer satisfaction in India. Further based on the type of passenger and type of airline, results vary significantly. Our study has implications for managers to help them focus on employing their scarce resources better to retain their competitive position in the Indian market.

항공사 브랜드에 대한 기능적 일치성과 자아이미지 일치성이 브랜드 신뢰와 브랜드 애착, 브랜드 충성도에 미치는 영향

This study investigates the roles of self-image congruity and functional congruity of users in the airline brand loyalty formation process and verifies the difference between full-service airlines and low-cost carriers in the cause-effect relations of self-image congruity for airline brands, brand trust, and brand attachment. A total of 336 valid samples from consumers who had experienced flying with domestic airline companies in the previous three years were analyzed. The results of the study are as follows. First, it was found that both the functional congruity and self-image congruity had an impact on brand trust. Second, it was found that functional congruity did not affect brand attachment, while self-image congruity had an impact on forming brand attachment. Third, it was found that brand trust had an impact on brand attachment and brand loyalty. Fourth, it was found that there was no difference in the impact of self-image congruity on brand trust and brand attachment according to airline type. Based on the research results, implications on brand marketing for domestic low-cost carriers and full-service airlines are discussed.

Image congruity as a tool for traveler retention: a comparative analysis on South Korean full-service and low-cost airlines

ABSTRACT Retaining customers is irrefutably one of the top priorities in the increasingly competitive airline marketplace in South Korea. This research was an empirical endeavor to better comprehend the role of image congruence, attitude, confidence, and love in building airline customers’ repeat patronage intention by considering the moderating impact of airline type. Our result demonstrated the significant role of these constructs in determining intention. In addition, airline type had a significant effect. Moving one step further than the extant literature, this study successfully developed a meaningful conceptual framework offering a clear understanding of the convoluted customer post-purchase decision formation.

감각유산체험성향에 따른 자유원소인식과 행동의도, 항공사 유형별 선호도 차이분석 및 영향관계 연구

The purpose of study is to analyze the differences of the free elements recognition, behavior intention, and airlines type preference according to sensory heritage tendency and explore the relationship of mutual influence. The survey was conducted in 247 for a month from October 4 to November 3, 2018. The collected data were analyzed using "SPSS statistics 21.0". Analytical methods such as frequency analysis, cluster analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis were used. The findings of this study are presented as follows: According to sensory heritage tendency, there are differences in free elements recognition and behavior intention, and only in LCC preference among airline type preferences. And the hypothesis of the relationship between variables was partly supported. In conclusion, this study has implications for marketing strategies suitable for tourism trends through the results.

Organisational trust: A case application in the air transport sector

In management, it is important to know what the likely feedback effects of employee-employer relationship outcomes might be on levels of ongoing employee trust. This paper looks to apply this important question to a case application of the air transport sector by testing the impact of recent changes in a case sample of air transport companies using a modified aggregate trust model. The findings of this study suggest that occupational group (flight crew/non-flight crew), airline type (Full Service Airline - FSA, Low Cost Carrier - LCC, Charter), and level of seniority (management/non-management level) all have an important bearing on levels of trust in the employee-employer relationship. Pre-existing labour agreements and legacy arrangements with senior and certain occupational groups were found to have a more damaging effect on the trust relationship than anything else. An underlying level of resentment and defensiveness has developed due to historical labour agreements being changed and have been observed most notably among FSAs, flight-crew and middle-management staff. The mediating role of the unions in the employee-employer trust relationship was found to be insignificant among the sampled air transport organisations mainly due to the perceived weakness among the sampled employees of unions to make any meaningful interventions.

When your problem becomes my problem: The impact of airline IT disruptions on on‐time performance of competing airlines

AbstractResearch SummaryWe study the effect of firm disruptions on competitor performance in the presence of shared resources in the U.S. airline industry. While scholars have investigated both the effects of industry‐wide and firm‐specific disruptions, little work has examined the effect on competitors, who are increasingly reliant on interconnected resources in the digital age. Results from a series of recent information technology (IT) outages indicate that performance is materially affected by a competitor's disruption. While the disruption of a full‐service carrier significantly delays flights of all airlines leveraging its hubs, the exact opposite is observed during the disruption of a low cost carrier. Further, the effect is strongly moderated by the type of airlines reacting to the disruption. Implications for managers and theory are discussed within.Managerial SummaryWhat happens to my operations when a competitor's operations are disrupted? While research has examined how a disrupted firm can recover, little attention has been paid to competitors, except their ability to exploit the disruption for economic gain. This is problematic, as firms increasingly leverage interconnected resources and infrastructure. We show that an airline's IT outages affect on‐time performance of competitors' flights to and from its hub airports. However, the effects depend on both who is disrupted, and who is reacting to that disruption. The disruptions of full‐service carriers (FSCs) delay competitors' flights, but that of a low‐cost carrier (LCC) leads to early arrivals and departures. Further, LCCs are significantly more nimble reacting to disruptions compared to FSCs.