Air Quality In Rooms Research Articles

Monitoring and Control System for Temperature, Humidity, and Air Quality in LVMDP Panel Rooms to Improve the Reliability of LVMDP Panel Components Using Fuzzy Logic

Monitoring and Control System for Temperature, Humidity, and Air Quality in LVMDP Panel Rooms to Improve the Reliability of LVMDP Panel Components Using Fuzzy Logic

Investigation of combined ventilation in the comfort conditions of an isolated room

An air conditioning system is characterized as a device that controls the air's temperature, flow, and humidity within a specific space. If an air conditioning system can guarantee that a room is comfortable, then it functions well. This investigation has assessed the properties of air dispersion and evaluated the factors and conditions outside the classroom. These variables include temperature, relative humidity, air speed, and CO2 content. The average relative humidity of the air exhibits a similar pattern to that of the average CO2 concentration, beginning to decline as air input via the valve increases. Furthermore, CO2 content is a primary determinant of indoor air quality; numerical simulation results are used to assess its value in relation to people's mouths and noses. Because of its distance from the flow source, the air velocity distribution near the ground is minimal and falls within the advised thermal comfort range. The room's air temperature is managed by the existing ceiling air conditioner, which enters the space at a 45-degree angle. An excellent combination of appropriate room air quality conditions and energy conservation can be accomplished by utilizing the ceiling cooler and the ventilation system's airflow rate.

Investigation of combined ventilation in the comfort conditions of an isolated room

An air conditioning system is characterized as a device that controls the air's temperature, flow, and humidity within a specific space. If an air conditioning system can guarantee that a room is comfortable, then it functions well. This investigation has assessed the properties of air dispersion and evaluated the factors and conditions outside the classroom. These variables include temperature, relative humidity, air speed, and CO2 content. The average relative humidity of the air exhibits a similar pattern to that of the average CO2 concentration, beginning to decline as air input via the valve increases. Furthermore, CO2 content is a primary determinant of indoor air quality; numerical simulation results are used to assess its value in relation to people's mouths and noses. Because of its distance from the flow source, the air velocity distribution near the ground is minimal and falls within the advised thermal comfort range. The room's air temperature is managed by the existing ceiling air conditioner, which enters the space at a 45-degree angle. An excellent combination of appropriate room air quality conditions and energy conservation can be accomplished by utilizing the ceiling cooler and the ventilation system's airflow rate.

Room Air Quality at Husada Prima Hospital, East Java Province

The microbiological quality of the air in the NICU and surgical rooms exceeds standards. The physical quality of the NICU and operating room exceeds the standard. This study aimed to determine the microbiological and physical quality of hospital room air (NICU room and surgical rooms) at Husada Prima Hospital, East Java Province. This research design was descriptive. Observation, field measurements, and laboratory tests collected data. The measurement results will be compared with RI Minister of Health Regulation No. 2 for 2023. The results of air microbiology sampling in the NICU, surgical room 1, and surgical room 2 still need to meet the requirements. The results of physical air quality measurements, namely temperature in the three rooms, humidity in the NICU room, lighting, and ventilation rate in the three rooms, must meet the requirements. The variables that meet the requirements are humidity in both operating rooms and lighting in the surgical room (Table 2). The condition of hospital facilities and buildings in the three rooms has met the requirements. The conclusion is that the room's air quality at Husada Prima Hospital, East Java Province, did not meet the criteria. The condition of the facilities and buildings was good. The hospital is advised to clean and repair air conditioners regularly, use humidifiers to maintain humidity in the room and increase or decrease lighting according to each room's needs.

Analisis Kualitas Udara (Parameter Jamur) pada Ruang Tunggu Puskesmas Perawatan Kassi-Kassi dan Non- Perawatan Tamangapa di Kota Makassar

Room air quality that does not meet the requirements is proportional to the number of germs in the room. Community Health Center are not only visited by sick people but also healthy people, so that puskesmas have the potential to become places for disease transmission. Mold is one of the microorganisms that can determine indoor air quality. The aim of this research is to determine air quality through the concentration of air mold, and the factors that influence the concentration of air mold in the waiting rooms of the Treatment and Non-Maintenance Health Centers. Waiting room air samples were taken at the Kassi-Kassi and Tamangapa non-care health centers using passive methods. Air samples were grown on SDA media. The results of this research were that there were 7 types of fungal isolates isolated from the Kassi-Kassi and Non-Care Health Centers in Tamangapa Makassar, namely: Aspergillus niger.,Aspergillus flavus.,Aspergillus nidulans.,Fusarium sp.,Rhizopus sp.,Saccharomyces sp.,and trichophyton rubrum. There was no significant difference in fungal concentrations in the waiting rooms of the Kassi-Kassi and Non-Care Tamangapa Makassar Health Centers. The average value of air mold concentration in the waiting room of the Kassi-Kassi Care Health Center has an average of 6.44 CFU/m3, while the Tamangapa Non-Care Health Center has an average of 6.44 CFU/m3, still below the maximum standard determined by WHO in 2009 regarding Mold and Dampness Indoor Air, namely less than 500 CFU/m3.

User Involvement on Air Quality in Incubation Rooms in Banten-Indonesia

Constructing middle-income housing in urban areas can be an effective means of optimizing the environment's carrying capacity and reducing land use. The air quality in Jakarta is an ongoing concern, and it can have significant health implications for those living in housing developments. In high-rise housing structures, air conditioning units are essential for regulating air circulation and minimizing indoor pollutants that can impact neighboring units' comfort levels. This research aims to evaluate the occupants' involvement in implementing indoor air quality (IAQ) sustainability practices in middle-income housing in Jakarta and how it impacts the community. The study identifies the occupants' characteristics, including managers and residents, explores their interactions in adopting healthy living habits, and analyzes their participatory roles in optimizing indoor air quality. The research uses the partial least squares method via SmartPLS for analysis. The findings indicate that both residents and managers must be involved in promoting healthy lifestyles and IAQ in middle-income housing units. As a result, the Jakarta local government should make community engagement programs a mandatory requirement for middle-income housing development regulations to support administrative, technical, and ecological requirements for health sustainability.

Perancangan Sistem Pendingin dan Tata Udara pada Ruang Mesin produksi di PT. X untuk Menjaga Performa dan Ketahanan Komponen Mesin

Several influencing factors, including temperature, air cleanliness, and humidity levels, are necessary to preserve the performance and durability of engine components against injury. Many mechanical and electrical components of the machine were damaged at Company X because the room's temperature, air quality, and humidity did not comply with the machine's standard operating conditions. If nothing is done to enhance the engine room's air conditioning, the engine will sustain greater damage. The purpose of this research is to design a cooling and air-conditioning system in the production machine space in PT. X to maintain the performance and durability of machine components. The engine compartment is 104 m2. The design of the refrigeration and air conditioning systems includes the calculation of the required capacity, analysis, and the creation of design drawings in the engine compartment. According to the calculation, the required engine room refrigeration capacity unit is 9.36 kW with 1640 l/s. This capacity incorporates the requirement for fresh air, which is 245 l/s. With this capacity, the engine's optimal temperature and oxygen quality can be attained.

Self-triggered Control with Energy Harvesting Sensor Nodes

Distributed embedded systems are pervasive components jointly operating in a wide range of applications. Moving toward energy harvesting powered systems enables their long-term, sustainable, scalable, and maintenance-free operation. When these systems are used as components of an automatic control system to sense a control plant, energy availability limits when and how often sensed data are obtainable and therefore when and how often control updates can be performed. The time-varying and non-deterministic availability of harvested energy and the necessity to plan the energy usage of the energy harvesting sensor nodes ahead of time, on the one hand, have to be balanced with the dynamically changing and complex demand for control updates from the automatic control plant and thus energy usage, on the other hand. We propose a hierarchical approach with which the resources of the energy harvesting sensor nodes are managed on a long time horizon and on a faster timescale, self-triggered model predictive control controls the plant. The controller of the harvesting-based nodes’ resources schedules the future energy usage ahead of time and the self-triggered model predictive control incorporates these time-varying energy constraints. For this novel combination of energy harvesting and automatic control systems, we derive provable properties in terms of correctness, feasibility, and performance. We evaluate the approach on a double integrator and demonstrate its usability and performance in a room temperature and air quality control case study.

ADDITIONAL ROOF VENTILATION TO PRODUCE A STACK EFFECT IN UME KBUBU, THE TRADITIONAL HOUSE OF THE ATONI TRIBE

Indoor air quality affects the health of building users so that every building needs ventilation. The ume kbubu building was built without using ventilation to get warm temperatures in the building but the air quality inside is highly contaminated with carbon dioxide. The addition of roof ventilation is expected to produce a stack effect phenomenon in ume kbubu. The purpose of this research is to measure the level of carbon dioxide in ume kbubu and the speed at which smoke moves out of the building. The method used in this research is computer simulation using CFD software to determine the effectiveness of adding roof ventilation in reducing carbon dioxide levels and simulation without a computer using mock-ups to see the movement of smoke in ume kbubu. The results of this study indicate that the effectiveness of roof ventilation reaches 60% so that the air quality in the ume kbubu room is safer for its users.

Improvement of energy saving and indoor air quality by using a spot mixing ventilation (SMV) system in a classroom

Thermal comfort, energy saving, and room air quality are widely affected by the flow behavior in the occupied zone. In this paper, the concept of a spot mixing ventilation (SMV) system, which aims to supply cold fresh air directly to the occupant seating is developed and examined numerically for use in a typical classroom. Consequently, a proposed SMV system for the classroom was installed over each seated occupant at ceiling level. Occupant’s thermal comfort and energy enhancement were used as the main evaluation index which was employed to assess the performance of the proposed SMV system. The validated computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model was employed in this examination. Four different values of supply temperature, 19 °C, 20 °C, 21 °C, and 22 °C, were examined numerically to evaluate the occupant’s thermal comfort and energy enhancement in the investigated classroom with and without using the SMV system. The results show that the SMV system can reduce the energy demanded by the cooling coil from 4.522 kW as in cases 1, and 2–1.206 kW, 0.9045 kW, and 0.603 kW as in cases 3, 4, and 5 respectively. Furthermore, the SMV system was able to improve the quality of the indoor air by supplying fresh air directly to the seated occupants. It can be concluded that using the SMV concept can provide a significant enhancement in indoor thermal comfort and save more energy.

Physical Air Quality in The Pneumonia Toddler Room in The Pakusari Puskesmas Working Area, Jember District

Pneumonia is a significant health issue, responsible for 14% of child deaths worldwide. At Pakusari Health Center in Jember Regency, cases of pneumonia have risen from 2021 to 2022, placing it among the top 10 health concerns. Pneumonia in young children is caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and foreign bodies, exacerbated by physical and chemical contamination. Children under five, who spend much time in the bedroom, are particularly susceptible to this respiratory disease. This study aims to describe the physical air quality in bedrooms and the characteristics of under-five children with pneumonia. This research employs a descriptive, quantitative approach with a case-series design. A sample size of 10 houses was determined using non-probability and purposive sampling techniques. Primary data were gathered from interviews and air quality measurements conducted by the Indonesian Environmental Health and Disease Control (BBTKLPP) Surabaya, focusing on temperature, humidity, and lighting parameters. Findings indicate that 70% of pneumonia cases occur in children aged 0-24 months, with a majority being female.Additionally, 50% of the children received exclusive breastfeeding, and 20% had a history of measles. Based on Ministry of Health Regulation 1077/2011 standards, the room air quality results showed that 40% of air temperature measurements qualified and 60% unqualified, with lighting and humidity also not meeting requirements. However, PM10 levels were 100% within the acceptable range. This suggests that the physical air quality in the bedrooms of children under five with pneumonia is suboptimal, likely due to poor ventilation and infrequent opening of windows and curtains.

Estimation of Natural Ventilation Rates in an Office Room with 145 mm-Diameter Circular Openings Using the Occupant-Generated Tracer-Gas Method

Natural ventilation in a building is an effective way to achieve acceptable indoor air quality. Ventilation dilutes contaminants such as bioeffluents generated by occupants, substances emitted from building materials, and the water vapor generated by occupants’ activities. In a building that requires heating and cooling, adequate ventilation is crucial to minimize energy consumption while maintaining healthy indoor air quality. However, measuring the actual magnitude of the natural ventilation rate, including infiltration through the building envelope and airflow through the building openings, is not always feasible. Although international and national standards suggested the required ventilation rates to maintain acceptable indoor air quality in buildings, they did not offer action plans to achieve or evaluate those design ventilation rates in buildings in use. In this study, the occupant-generated carbon dioxide (CO2) tracer gas decay method was applied to estimate the ventilation rates in an office room in Seoul, South Korea, from summer to winter. Using the method, real-time ventilation rates can be calculated by monitoring indoor and outdoor CO2 concentrations without injecting a tracer gas. For natural ventilation in the test room, 145 mm-diameter circular openings on the fixed glass were used. As a result, first, the indoor CO2 concentrations were used as an indicator to evaluate how much the indoor air quality deteriorated when all the windows were closed in an occupied office room compared to the international standards for indoor air quality. Moreover, we found out that the estimated ventilation rates varied depending on various environmental conditions, even with the same openings for natural ventilation. Considering the indoor and outdoor temperature differences and outdoor wind speeds as the main factors influencing the ventilation rates, we analyzed how they affected the ventilation rates in the different seasons of South Korea. When the wind speeds were calm, less than 2 m/s, the temperature difference played as a factor that influenced the estimated ventilation rates. On the other hand, when the temperature differences were low, less than 3 °C, the wind speed was the primary factor. This study raises awareness about the risk of poor indoor air quality in office rooms that could lead to health problems or unpleasant working environments. This study presents an example of estimating the ventilation rates in an existing building. By using the presented method, the ventilation rate in an existing building can be simply estimated while using the building as usual, and appropriate ventilation strategies for the building can be determined to maintain the desired indoor air quality.

Improvement of operating room air quality and sustained reduction of surgical site infections in an orthopedic specialty hospital

Surgical site infection (SSI) rates can be impacted by air quality, and a high-efficiency particulate air and ultraviolet air recirculation system (HUAIRS) has been shown to improve operating room air quality. This study examined the impact of HUAIRS devices on SSI rates when used at an orthopedic specialty hospital. HUAIRS devices were used intraoperatively at the facility. Total particle counts before and after HUAIRS implementation were compared. SSI rates for nervous system procedures or for all procedures at the facility were also compared for the 2.5-year periods before and after implementing HUAIRS devices. Over 30,000 consecutive procedures were performed from 2017 to 2022. The overall SSI rate at the facility was 0.45% before implementing HUAIRS devices compared to 0.22% (P<0.001) after. The SSI rate following nervous system procedures was 2.06% before implementing HUAIRS devices versus 0.29% (P<.001) after. Total particle counts were also significantly lower after implementing HUAIRS devices. Implementation of HUAIRS devices at an orthopedic specialty hospital is associated with significant reductions in SSI rates and intraoperative air contamination levels. These data support the need to further investigate intraoperative air quality interventions for the reduction in SSI rates.

Larger operating rooms have better air quality than smaller rooms in primary total knee arthroplasty.

Operating room air quality can be affected by several factors including temperature, humidity, and airborne particle burden. Our study examines the role of operating room (OR) size on air quality and airborne particle (ABP) count in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We analyzed all primary, elective TKAs performed within two ORs measuring 278 sq ft. (small) and 501 sq ft. (large) at a single academic institution in the United Statesfrom April 2019 to June 2020. Intraoperative measurements of temperature, humidity, and ABP count were recorded. p values were calculated using t test for continuous variables and chi-square for categorical values. 91 primary TKA cases were included in the study, with 21 (23.1%) in the small OR and 70 (76.9%) in the large OR. Between-groups comparisons revealed significant differences in relative humidity (small OR 38.5% ± 7.24% vs. large OR 44.4% ± 8.01%, p = 0.002). Significant percent decreases in ABP rates for particles measuring 2.5μm (- 43.9%, p = 0.007) and 5.0μm (- 69.0%, p = 0.0024) were found in the large OR. Total time spent in the OR was not significantly different between the two groups (small OR 153.09 ± 22.3 vs. large OR 173 ± 44.6, p = 0.05). Although total time spent in the room did not differ between the large and small OR, there were significant differences in humidity and ABP rates for particles measuring 2.5μm and 5.0μm, suggesting the filtration system encounters less particle burden in larger rooms. Larger studies are required to determine the impact this may have on OR sterility and infection rates.

Assessment of Thermal Comfort and Indoor Air Quality in Library Group Study Rooms

Human performance and health are among the most relevant topics in modern society, especially at young ages, when academic performance is indispensable. Thus, as humans spend most of their life inside a building, thermal comfort and indoor air quality are essential aspects of a room. The aim of the current study is to numerically evaluate the main thermal comfort parameters such as PMV and PPD as well as indoor air quality, i.e., CO2 concentration, in library group study rooms at the University of Gävle in Sweden. Rotroninc Measurement Solutions CL11 sensors were utilized for temperature measurements. Simulation models were created and validated based on building data as well as temperature measurements. Several simulations were conducted throughout the year, covering different periods. The results show that even though the ventilation system, with only temperature control, works as intended for maintaining thermal comfort, the CO2 concentration rises above 1000 ppm when more than one student occupies the rooms, which is not recommended by different thermal comfort ruling institutions. Consequently, a modification to the ventilation system control is recommended, changing it from temperature control to CO2 and temperature control.

A tool-based system architecture for a digital twin: a case study in a healthcare facility

Changes in the local and global markets are forcing A/E/C/FM (Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Facility Management) organizations to deliver more robust and innovative operational BIMs (Building Information Models). It is hypothesized that BIMs will transform from a static 3D model to a Digital Twin providing a truly digital representation of the physical asset or the building it represents. This transformation to a dynamic Digital Twin will allow the A/E/C/FM industry to visualize, monitor, and optimize operational assets and processes to support better inspection and analysis for a more efficient facility operations and maintenance. To support the adoption and implementation of Digital Twin in A/E/C/FM, the authors have defined two clear objectives. First, we discuss requirements for a functionality-based canonical architecture to create a digital twin followed by proposing two tool-based system architecture options for its implementation. Second, we use a case study approach to develop a proof-of-concept Digital Twin of an operating room in a healthcare facility using Power BI Desktop and Azure Services. The prototype aims to monitor room air quality as per INAIL (National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work) and ISO (International Organization for Standards) standards. Multiple sensors connected to a Raspberry Pi 4 are used to capture real-time data for various air quality parameters including temperature, humidity, airflow, particulate contamination, and Nitrous Oxide (N2O) gas. Multiple dashboards are also created to visualize, monitor, and analyze the data harnessed from the OR sensors. The implementation addresses critical issues including security, data storage, visualization, processing, data streaming, collection, and analysis. As an initial validation, the Digital Twin prototype was presented and discussed with a healthcare BIM manager. Initial feedback from the industry expert indicated that the prototype could decrease the required time to respond to facility maintenance issues such as decreased air flow due to possible obstructions.

Neuro-Fuzzy Decision Support System for Optimization of the Indoor Air Quality in Operation Rooms

In order to minimize surgical site infections, indoor air quality in hospital operating rooms is a major concern. A wide range of literature on the relevant issue has shown that air contamination diminution can be attained by applying a more efficient set of monitoring and controlling systems that improve and optimize the indoor air status level. This paper discusses a fuzzy inference system (FIS) and the integrated model neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) focusing on the control of contamination via proper airflow distribution in an operating room, which is essential to guarantee the accuracy of the surgical procedure. A deep learning estimation approach is proposed to predict incidence in the presence of airborne contamination. The project's goal is to reduce airborne contamination to improve the surgical environment and reduce the predicted incidence during surgeries. The neuro-fuzzy deep learning model was trained with a neural network structure and tested by considering 3 important parameters that affected the air quality introducing the specialization of the system to control the model’s target. Finally, the proposed approach has been put into practice by making use of data collected by sensors placed within a real operating room in a hospital in Mashhad, Iran. The proposed model attains 97.3% and 95% validation accuracy for estimating the relative humidity and particles, respectively. The efficacy of the proposed neuro-fuzzy indicates that the system significantly lowers risk values and enhances indoor air quality.

Inspeksi Kesehatan Lingkungan Di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 2 Dramaga Kabupaten Bogor Jawa Barat Tahun 2022

One of the factors that can affect the learning process and the health of school residents is the hygiene of the school environment. A potentially disease-causing school environment necessitates a school environmental health inspection to maintain a healthy school environment and promote students' clean and healthy lifestyles. This study seeks to characterize the health status of the school environment at State Junior High School 2 Dramaga in Bogor, West Java. This study is an observational descriptive study. The scope of the study includes the health of the school environment, including location, building construction, building space, room air quality, lighting, ventilation, school sanitation facilities, sports facilities, worship facilities, the yard, and the absence of mosquito larvae. Observation with a checklist and measurements of the physical environment, including classroom density, lighting, and ventilation measurements, were used to collect data. The results indicated positively to the health of the school environment. Efforts to improve school sanitation in the regulation and coaching sections yielded positive results. However, in terms of building space, lighting, toilets, and the absence of mosquito larvae, and the results are not favorable. The research findings on the health of the school environment led to a positive conclusion with a percentage of 69.2%. In addition to advising schools on how to enhance their facilities and infrastructure, researchers also monitor the schools' environmental health.

The use of Sansevieria sp. and Cymbopogon nardus extracts on humidifier modification to reduce airborne germs

&lt;p&gt;A humidifier including natural components such as mother-in-tongue law's (&lt;em&gt;Sansevieria sp&lt;/em&gt;.) and lemongrass (&lt;em&gt;Cymbopogon nardus&lt;/em&gt;) extracts is required to control room air quality. The purpose of this study was to assess the chemical composition and anti-fungal and anti-germ capability of &lt;em&gt;Sansevieria sp&lt;/em&gt;. and &lt;em&gt;Cymbopogon nardus &lt;/em&gt;in a room. The experimental method and One Group Pre-test Post-test Design were utilized in this investigation. To minimize airborne germs, &lt;em&gt;Sansevieria &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;sp&lt;/em&gt;. and &lt;em&gt;Cymbopogon nardus &lt;/em&gt;extract were used as humidifier modification materials in this case. Concentrations of &lt;em&gt;Sansevieria sp&lt;/em&gt; extract of 30%, 40%, and 50% were made available. The data was analyzed using Anovatest.The Anova test results showed that the &lt;em&gt;Sansevieria sp&lt;/em&gt;. extracts with concentrations of 30%, 40%, and 50% had p-values greater than 0.05. It signifies that there was no significant or insignificant difference in the concentrations used, hence the extracts of &lt;em&gt;Sansevieria sp &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;Cymbopogon nardus &lt;/em&gt;extracts had the same effective antibacterial potential in this investigation. It was determined that &lt;em&gt;Sansevieria sp&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Cymbopogon nardus &lt;/em&gt;extract as modified humidifier solution at concentrations of 30%, 40%, and 50% have the same efficacy in decreasing Germ in the room air.&lt;/p&gt;

Subjective assessment of indoor air quality and thermal environment in patient rooms: A survey study of Polish hospitals

The indoor environment of patient rooms should provide adequate conditions for the safe recovery of the patient. However, in clinical standards, the requirements for conditions in standard patient rooms are either omitted or limited to stating the temperature or humidity. Simultaneously, patients in different countries often feel uncomfortable, and the data indicate large discrepancies in patient room thermal conditions across the world.Therefore, this study aimed to determine how patients in Polish hospitals perceive the indoor environment in their rooms, as well as the relationship between individual patient characteristics (gender and age) and feelings about selected elements of the indoor environment, in addition to feelings related to the self-assessment of the impact of the indoor environment on the recovery process.The results of the presented study indicate that the analysed thermal environment elements are essential in patient rooms and should be given appropriate attention. The individual characteristics of patients, including those caused by illness and medication, make it impossible to create a comfortable environment for each patient in a multi-patient room, and solutions and guidelines to support the recovery process of patients should continue to be developed, including solutions that provide opportunities to create a controlled environment around each patient.