Aid Technology Research Articles

Environmental factors influencing choice of spelling and graphic symbols in communicative interactions of adolescents who use communication aids

This exploratory interpretative qualitative study aimed to investigate environmental factors influencing “in the moment” decisions about use of graphic symbols or spelling in face-to-face communicative interactions, by adolescents who use communication aids and are learning how to spell. The participants were six adolescents who used speech generating devices and their mothers. Data collection consisted of seven to eight communicative interactions between adolescents and their mothers and follow up interviews with the participants. Each dyad took part in three Zoom sessions. Researchers identified the communication mode shifts between graphic symbols and spelling during interactions and subsequently discussed with participants the reasons for these shifts. The interview data were analyzed using Charmaz’s constructivist grounded theory approach to coding. The analysis revealed three themes explaining environmental factors relevant to choosing spelling or graphic symbols in communicative interactions, which were: (a) features of the communication aid; (b) communication partner’s skills and their knowledge of the shared experience; and (c) opportunities to practice and use spelling. The findings provide insights into the importance of providing opportunities to practice and use spelling, communication partner’s skills and knowledge of shared experience and communication aid technology design which can help to facilitate spelling during communicative interactions.

Acoustic- Versus Intelligibility-Based Assessment of Subjective Listening Difficulty Measured With the Repeat-Recall Test.

To contrast interpretations of listening effort ratings when judged against acoustic- versus intelligibility-based normative references. Existing data collected from 66 normal-hearing adult listeners, comprising 2730 trials of the Repeat-Recall Test, were used to establish norms of subjective listening effort ratings for six ranges of intelligibility. Data from 21 aided hearing-impaired listeners were then used to contrast intelligibility-based norms against acoustic-based norms when interpreting listening effort ratings measured in omnidirectional and directional microphone conditions. Whereas acoustic-based norms effectively demonstrated reduced effort for directional versus omnidirectional microphone modes, intelligibility-based references controlled for listeners' performance biases and improved the consistency with which subjective ratings were ranked across the two microphone conditions. The choice of normative reference should be carefully considered when judging listening effort ratings from hearing-impaired individuals against those of their normal-hearing peers. Whereas acoustic-based references may be more useful for evaluating the benefits of hearing aid technology, intelligibility-based references may be better suited to identifying listeners with poor subjective experiences for speech-in-noise related to factors beyond intelligibility.

7437 Harnessing Diabetes Technology for Management of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Associated Diabetes

Abstract Disclosure: A. Knape: None. A. Kotwal: None. D. Rohlfsen: None. A. Patel: None. W. Goldner: None. Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a key treatment modality for many cancers. One percent of patients who receive ICIs can develop insulin deficient ICI associated diabetes (ICI-DM). These patients often have complex oncologic therapy plans making treatment of newly diagnosed insulin deficient diabetes challenging which often results in additional healthcare-related burden for the patient. Methods: This is a retrospective case series of five adults who developed ICI-DM after receiving either PD-1, CTLA-4 or PDL-1 inhibitors or a combination. Data on demographics, medical history and labs were collected in addition to mode of glucose monitoring and treatment after diagnosis of ICI-DM. Results: Patients were age 44-72 at diagnosis of ICI-DM, three were female. Two were admitted to the hospital in DKA, one was diagnosed in the ER with severe hyperglycemia without DKA, two had outpatient hyperglycemia without DKA. Glucose at diagnosis ranged from 215-510 mg/dL. C-peptide was low for all patients. Fingerstick blood sugar (FSBS) monitoring and basal/bolus insulin was immediately initiated for all patients. All were transitioned from FSBS to continuous glucose monitor (CGM) and 2/5 ultimately transitioned to sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy (AID). Time in range on CGM improved in four patients with percent time in range improving between 10-48%. In two patients, hypoglycemia frequency declined by 6% and 3%. Hyperglycemia frequency declined by 13% and 48% in patients on AID therapy and by 14% and 25% in two of those on basal/bolus insulin therapy. All patients preferred CGM over FSBS and remained on CGM therapy. Those who chose AID preferred it over basal/bolus insulin therapy stating it was less complicated than basal/bolus insulin with CGM. Conclusions: We report successful treatment of five cases of ICI-DM with CGM + basal/bolus insulin or AID. 80% demonstrated improved time in range and decreased overall frequency of hyperglycemia. 40% had decreased frequency of hypoglycemia. CGM allows for dynamic adjustment of insulin therapy in a population with complex medical regimens resulting in fluctuating glucose levels. The integrated pump and sensor technology in AID was less burdensome than basal/bolus in those who chose it. Managing ICI-DM is complicated. The burden of this entity can be lessened by harnessing the power of diabetes technology. Presentation: 6/2/2024

Automated Insulin Delivery Technology in the Hospital: Update on Safety and Efficacy Data

ObjectiveAutomated insulin delivery (AID) systems are a rapidly growing component in the area of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy. As more patients use these systems in the outpatient setting, it is important to assess safety if their use is allowed to continue in the inpatient setting. MethodsAnalysis was conducted of the records of patients using AID technology upon admission to our hospital between June 2020 and December 2022. Adverse events and glycemic control of AID users were compared with patients using non-AID systems and with patients who had CSII discontinued. ResultsThere were 185 patients analyzed: 64 on AID, 86 on non-AID, and 35 who had CSII discontinued. The number of patients on AID increased over the course of the observation period, whereas non-AID users decreased. Pairwise comparisons indicated that patient-stay mean glucose levels and percentage of hypoglycemic events were similar between all groups, but the percentage of patient hyperglycemic measurements was significantly lower in the AID cohort. No adverse events (diabetic ketoacidosis, pump site complications, equipment malfunction) were reported in any either CSII cohort. ConclusionThe type of CSII technology encountered in the hospital is shifting from non-AID toward AID technologies. This analysis supports earlier findings that outpatient AID systems can be successfully transitioned into the inpatient setting. Further study is needed to define if AID systems offer any advantage in glycemic control.

Meaningful life changes following hearing aid use: a qualitative user perspective

Objective This study aimed to explore meaningful life changes due to hearing aid use in adult users. Design A cross-sectional survey design was used with open-ended questions analysed using inductive qualitative content analysis. Study Sample US-based adult hearing aid users (n = 653) from the Hearing Tracker website community and Lexie Hearing database. Results Participants had a mean age of 65.4 years (13.6 SD), including 61.2% males, 38.3% females (0.5% other). Analysis of 2122 meaning units from responses identified two broad domains: 'meaningful benefits’ (n = 1709; 80.5%) and 'remaining difficulties’ (n = 413; 19.5%). The meaningful benefits domain included five categories (27 sub-categories): (a) psychosocial benefits, (b) improvements in hearing, (c) personal benefits, (d) hearing aid features and connectivity, and (e) situational benefits. Participants reported enhanced relationships and improved occupational functioning as key benefits. The remaining difficulties domain contained four categories (25 sub-categories): (a) hearing aid limitations, (b) hearing and communication issues, (c) situational difficulties, and (d) personal issues. Notable difficulties included hearing aid design issues and challenges in noisy environments. Conclusion Hearing aid users reported diverse benefits and persistent challenges related to device use, illustrating the complexity of their lived experiences. These findings can inform empathetic, effective rehabilitation strategies and user-centric hearing aid technologies.

Application of Virtual Reality as a Method of First Aid Training – Results of Survey Research Conducted among the Construction Faculty Students

Aim: The survey focused on the assessment of students' knowledge after first aid training carried out using two methods. In order to check the effectiveness and compare both methods, standard training with the use of training phantoms and a BLS and AED course supported by Virtual Reality technology were organized among students. The aim was to test whether virtual reality training would be as effective as standard training with training phantoms. In addition, the study also included collecting students' subjective opinions on the use of VR technology in first aid. During the research, a research hypothesis was put forward, according to which students after standard training with the use of phantoms have more knowledge about cardiopulmonary resuscitation than students after training with the use of virtual reality. Methodology: The method of a survey was used to assess the effectiveness of training. It was attended by 57 students of Civil Engineering, aged 20 to 22. Thanks to the study, the theoretical and practical knowledge of students on first aid was verified and their subjective feelings after training with the use of VR technology were analyzed. Results: The results of the research indicate that the level of knowledge in the field of first aid is higher in students after standard training with the use of training phantoms. In this group, the respondents answered 100% correctly in 7 questions, while the respondents in the group using virtual reality answered only 4 questions correctly in 100%. Students from the first group also showed a greater knowledge of the first aid procedure – they answered correctly in 82%, and the respondents in the second group in 56%. Students from the first group also gave better answers to the questions verifying the knowledge of the principles of proper cardiopulmonary resuscitation – 85% of them answered these questions correctly, while in the second group there were less than half of the correct answers – only 40%. Conclusions: Based on the results of the research and the feelings of the students, it was concluded that training using the VR application without tactile interaction with the dummy is not sufficient. The use of physical phantoms in such training will increase the realism of the simulation and make the virtual environment better perceived by users interacting tactilely with virtual models and experiencing their (physical) properties in a tangible way. Keywords: safety, first aid training, VR, BLS, AED

A multi path routing protocol with efficient energy consumption in IoT applications real time traffic

The extensive utilization of IoT applications leads to the aggregation of a substantial volume of data, presenting a crucial challenge in terms of data routing within these networks. RPL intentionally surpasses the limitations sometimes observed in low-power and lossy networks, which are particularly prevalent in IoT networks. The RPL protocol is designed specifically for static networks that do not involve mobility or topological changes. The RPL protocol guarantees continuous connectivity between nodes and mitigates the risk of data loss in stationary IoT applications that do not involve mobility or alterations in network configuration. The article utilizes a mobility aid technology known as network performance stability using the intelligent routing protocol (nPSIR), which expands upon RPL. The Mobility Support Entity (nPSIR) facilitates the displacement of all nodes, with the exception of the root node, and ensures uninterrupted connection during mobility. Moreover, it deals with the situation where there is a physical barrier between two interconnected nodes in a changing environment. In order to achieve this objective, it employs a dynamic trickle timer that operates within two distinct ranges. Furthermore, it utilizes a neighbor link quality table, a mechanism for selecting the most beneficial parent node in the event of migration, a measure of confidence, the identification of crucial regions, and a blacklist. Multiple simulations validate that nPSIR effectively decreases hand-off delay and improves packet delivery, despite the minor drawbacks of increased signaling costs and power consumption. The delivery ratio decreases the quantity of lost data packets and surpasses both RPL as a responsive protocol and mRPL as a proactive protocol in relation to mobility.

A Phosphenotron Device for Sensoric Spatial Resolution of Phosphenes within the Visual Field Using Non-Invasive Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation.

This study presents phosphenotron, a device for enhancing the sensory spatial resolution of phosphenes in the visual field (VF). The phosphenotron employs a non-invasive transcranial alternating current stimulation (NITACS) to modulate brain activity by applying weak electrical currents to the scalp or face. NITACS's unique application induces phosphenes, a phenomenon where light is perceived without external stimuli. Unlike previous invasive methods, NITACS offers a non-invasive approach to create these effects. The study focused on assessing the spatial resolution of NITACS-induced phosphenes, crucial for advancements in visual aid technology and neuroscience. Eight participants were subjected to NITACS using a novel electrode arrangement around the eye orbits. Results showed that NITACS could generate spatially defined phosphene patterns in the VF, varying among individuals but consistently appearing within their VF and remaining stable through multiple stimulations. The study established optimal parameters for vibrant phosphene induction without discomfort and identified electrode positions that altered phosphene locations within different VF regions. Receiver Operating characteristics analysis indicated a specificity of 70.7%, sensitivity of 73.9%, and a control trial accuracy of 98.4%. These findings suggest that NITACS is a promising, reliable method for non-invasive visual perception modulation through phosphene generation.

Hearing Aid Fitting and Fine-tuning Strategies Implemented by Certified Audiologists in India

Background: Management of hearing-impaired individuals using hearing aids requires expertise in fitting formulas, compression methods, frequency adjustments, microphone directionality, noise reduction algorithms, and feedback management. There are abundant online resources/guidelines for programming and fine-tuning hearing aids. The fitting strategies for hearing aids can differ among professionals based on their expertise and convenience. Aims and Objectives: The survey study aimed to gain comprehension of the methods used by audiologists practicing in Indian subcontinent in choosing, fitting, and tuning hearing aids for adults with hearing impairment. Materials and Methods: A web-based survey with a 25-item questionnaire was carried out among audiologists nationwide, addressing topics such as hearing aid selection and fitting techniques. Among the audiologists practicing in India, 77 audiologists from various workplaces across India responded to the survey. The data gathered were then subjected to descriptive analysis. Results: The study showed that the selection of hearing aids depended on the extent of hearing loss and the main listening needs of the person. Audiologists generally used manufacturers’ initial fit and their expertise to adjust different signal processing features and considered patient feedback for additional adjustments. Most audiologists use only pure-tone audiometry for the initial evaluation of hearing abilities. Conclusion: The findings of the research underscore the absence of standardized procedures for audiologists in the fitting of hearing aids, considering the numerous signal-processing approaches present in contemporary hearing technology. Despite exponential advancements in hearing aid technology, there remains a scarcity of concise and accessible information that would enable audiologists to utilize such sophisticated technologies during fitting and tuning effectively.

A Survey of Recent Advances in Hearing Aid Technologies and Trends

Hearing aids are small electronic devices worn in or behind the ear to amplify sound for individuals with hearing loss. They work by capturing sound through a microphone, processing it electronically, and then delivering it through a speaker into the ear canal. Modern hearing aids come with various features like noise reduction, directional microphones, and wireless connectivity, making them more effective and convenient for users. This survey paper provides an overview of recent advances in hearing aid technologies, exploring the evolving landscape of assistive devices designed to improve the auditory experience for individuals with hearing impairments. The paper reviews key aspects of hearing aids, including signal processing techniques, device designs, connectivity options, and user-centric features. The survey encompasses highlighting innovative solutions aimed at addressing the diverse needs of hearing-impaired individuals.

Analysis of Social Interaction of Deaf Children in Special Schools


 
 
 
 Deaf is a term used to describe the symptoms and symptoms of someone who is hearing impaired or deaf. Deaf children interact through a variety of methods, including sign language, facial expressions, and body, as well as the use of hearing aid technology. They can also utilize visual communication approaches, peer support, and participation in group activities to strengthen social skills. Social interaction is a dynamic in which individuals or groups communicate, act, or influence each other in a particular environment or situation. Social interaction involves the exchange of information, emotions, ideas, or behaviors between individuals or groups. This research makes a valuable contribution to improving our understanding of the benefits of social interaction for deaf children in Special Schools, opening up opportunities for the development of more inclusive educational strategies and supporting their holistic development. This study aimed to analyze social interactions between deaf children. An observational approach and interview, this study explores the dynamics of communication, information exchange, and emotional understanding in interactions between both groups of children. Qualitative analysis methods are used to identify unique communication patterns and understand the challenges faced by deaf children in communicating. The subjects in this study were interviewing homeroom teachers and counseling teachers at the school, the number of subjects to be studied were children with deafness. The results highlight adaptation efforts and communication strategies developed by deaf children to interact. The results of these findings can provide valuable insights for educators, parents, and health practitioners in supporting the development of social skills of deaf children so that they can engage more effectively in society.
 
 
 

Recent Progress in Wearable Self‐Powered Biomechanical Sensors: Mechanisms and Applications

AbstractBiomechanical signals, such as strain variations of the skin, vibrations of the chest and throat, as well as motions of the limbs, hold immense significance in healthcare monitoring, disease diagnosis, and human‐machine interface. Examples span from monitoring blood pressure and pulse waves for atherosclerosis diagnosis, to distinguishing between metatarsalgia patients and healthy individuals by tracking their walking postures, and to voiceprint recognition and hearing aid technology based on vibration sensing. Wearable biomechanical sensors play a crucial role in providing valuable insights into one's health condition and physiological features. However, the development of high‐performance sensors capable of prolonged monitoring poses challenges. Traditional batteries have limited lifespan and pose difficulty in replacement. Using self‐powered devices for the measurement of biomechanical signals represents an attractive solution to tackle the issues caused by batteries. This review focuses on the mechanisms of wearable self‐powered biomechanical sensors, and delves into recent advancements in their applications, covering areas of cardiovascular system monitoring, acoustic signals detection, human motion tracking, and many others associated with biomechanics. A concluding section outlines the potential future prospects in this evolving field of materials and biomedical research.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ACHIEVE HEARING INTERVENTION

Abstract The ACHIEVE trial required the development of a manualized best-practice hearing intervention designed to meet the needs of older adults with mild-moderate hearing loss. The hearing intervention (HI) was developed using an iterative process including input from a diverse professional panel and a feasibility study to confirm that expected outcomes from a best-practices, evidence-based HI would be obtained. The HI involves use of hearing aids and related technologies along with counselling, coaching and education to support self-management of hearing loss. The HI is delivered in four sessions after the completion of a comprehensive hearing evaluation. Individualized goals are developed using the Client Oriented Scale of Improvement (COSI), which guides selection of hearing aids and other technologies to meet prioritized listening needs and assessment of how well those needs are met. The most frequent COSI listening goal categories included: Conversation in Noise (n= 413; 29%), Conversations in Quiet (n= 296; 21%), and TV/Radio at Normal Volume (n= 280; 20%). Three levels of hearing aid technology differing by the number of signal processing approaches included were: Basic (n=223, 20%), Advanced (n=662, 56%), and Premium (n=283, 24%). Additional hearing assistive technologies included streaming devices, TV connectors, and remote microphones were provided. We discuss how the baseline audiological results and individualized goal setting informed delivery of the HI and how the use of manualization allowed us to maintain excellent treatment fidelity throughout the clinical trial.

BUKU DIGITAL PRAKTIK AKUNTANSI JASA (BUDIAJA) AS A LEARNING SUPPORT IN THE INTRODUCTION TO ACCOUNTING COURSE

As one of the leading universities in Jombang, STIE PGRI Dewantara Jombang strives to provide the best possible service to all students with various abilities, including students who are slow learners. A learning aid technology was created that makes it easier for students to carry out lectures, one of which is the Introduction to Accounting course. This activity aims to create learning aids technology to make it easier for students to absorb the lesson with the BUDIAJA application. This activity lasted approximately five months, from the preparation stage to the final evaluation of the activity. This activity involved the writing team, a professional software developer, 20 volunteer students, and educational technology consultants. From the results of the activity, it is known that the response given by students after using BUDIAJA was very good and increased understanding. The follow-up plan for this activity is to develop the program so that it can be applied to other courses.

DESIGNING AND BUILDING A LEARNING MEDIA FOR EN-ROUTE FLIGHT INFORMATION

En-route Flight Information (EFI) is a science that studies the procedures for guiding aircraft in uncontrolled airspace. With the development of teaching aid technology, digitizing the EFI learning system in the form of a website-based TopSky Simulator is expected to make it easier for cadets to understand the concept of EFI learning about providing advisory and surveillance services in Uncontrolled Airspace. The deepening of EFI learning material is very necessary as a preparation for cadets before carrying out On the Job Training which must be undertaken by cadets of the Surabaya Aviation Polytechnic to carry out field work practices as an application of knowledge, especially in fields that have been studied during class education both in theory and practice. Therefore, the author intends to develop learning support facilities, especially the En-route Flight Information course by making this TopSky Simulator website. It is hoped that the information system and the features available in it can help teachers and cadets in learning flight traffic control via radar and practicing it well in the field

Features of speech signal recognition in conditions of vocal competition with normal hearing and with hearing or speech disorders

We studied the features of speech signals perception in conditions of vocal competition based on gender (male/female voice) in subjects of different ages and status of auditory and speech functions. Psychophysical measurements were carried out while simulating a “speech cocktail” situation by simultaneously pronounced different words by a male and female. The average fundamental voice frequency for the male speaker was 108 ± 5.92 Hz, for the female speaker – 185 ± 12.03 Hz. Both speakers were standard native speakers of the Russian language. Digital recordings of speech signals were equalized in intensity and compounded so that the total test stimulus was a synchronized mixture of words spoken by a male (M) and female (F) voice. Test speech signals were presented through headphones or through a speaker located in front of the auditor at a distance of 50 cm. The indicators of reaction time and the number of correct recognitions of words of the target speaker (M or F) were compared in 4 groups of subjects of different ages and hearing or speech status: adult subjects with normal hearing and speech (n = 35) and with hearing impaired (n = 26); schoolchildren with normotypical development (n = 26) and with speech disorders (n = 25). The results indicated a falling in the ability to segrerate target speech streams under conditions of vocal competition in the subjects with hearing and speech dysfunctions included in the comparative study. Differences in the perception of male and female voices in subjects with hearing loss and with speech problems were obtained. This result may have a biological and social basis. The data have practical significance for the development of a system of auditory and speech training and modern hearing aid technologies.

Improving Photovoltaic Technology by Nanomaterials: a Brief Review

Nanomaterials have unique opto-electronic properties that can aid in the progress of current photovoltaic technology in various aspects and aid in the global transition towards renewable energy sources. In this brief review we discuss how might these materials contribute to newer designs of photovoltaic cells that surpass common Silicon cells and render this technology more efficient and more cost-effective. The types of nanostructures that we discuss are: nanotubes, nanowires, nanorods, graphene and nanotextures.

Assessing Benefit of Hearing Aid Using Shortened Hearing Aid Performance Inventory

The ultimate goal of aural rehabilitation plan is successful use of amplification device in everyday communication. Insufficient quantitative information is present about the benefits of hearing aids in Pakistan. Objective: To fill this gap and gather quantitative data regarding benefit derive from hearing aids. Hence current study assessed hearing aid benefit using shortened hearing aid performance inventory, while comparing it with different parameters of hearing aid use and demographics like gender. Methods: This Cross-Sectional study was conducted at Isra Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences, Isra University, Pakistan from December 2020 to May 2021. Study recruited a sample of N=377 hearing aid users, of both genders, aged 18 to 60 years, who were using hearing aids for at least 2 months, utilizing non-probability, convenient sampling. Patient’s pure tone audiogram and shortened hearing aid performance inventory (SHAPI) was used for data collection. SPSS version-20.0 was used for data collection. T-test and Anova statistics used for data analysis with p<0.05 considered significant. Results: Out of 370 individuals’ majority (71.6%) were males with mean age of 44.63 ± 12.99 years. Mean SHAPI score was 2.24 ± 0.68. There was significant association with duration of hearing aid use, hearing aid technology, hearing aid fitting and gender of participants. Conclusions: Current study revealed a low SHAPI mean score indicating benefit and satisfaction in different listening situations among hearing aid users. Benefit derived from hearing aid is significantly affected by factors like gender, hearing aid fitting, hearing aid technology and duration of hearing aid use.

Impact of hearing aid technology level at first-fit on self-reported outcomes in patients with presbycusis: a randomized controlled trial.

To provide clinical guidance in hearing aid prescription for older adults with presbycusis, we investigated differences in self-reported hearing abilities and hearing aid effectiveness for premium or basic hearing aid users. Secondly, as an explorative analysis, we investigated if differences in gain prescription verified with real-ear measurements explain differences in self-reported outcomes. The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial in which the patients were blinded towards the purpose of the study. In total, 190 first-time hearing aid users (>60years of age) with symmetric bilateral presbycusis were fitted with either a premium or basic hearing aid. The randomization was stratified on age, sex, and word recognition score. Two outcome questionnaires were distributed: the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA) and the short form of the Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ-12). In addition, insertion gains were calculated from real-ear measurements at first-fit for all fitted hearing aids. Premium hearing aid users reported 0.7 (95%CI: 0.2; 1.1) scale points higher total SSQ-12 score per item and 0.8 (95%CI: 0.2; 1.4) scale points higher speech score per item, as well as 0.6 (95%CI: 0.2; 1.1) scale points higher qualities score compared to basic-feature hearing aid users. No significant differences in reported hearing aid effectiveness were found using the IOI-HA. Differences in the prescribed gain at 1 and 2kHz were observed between premium and basic hearing aids within each company. Premium-feature devices yielded slightly better self-reported hearing abilities than basic-feature devices, but a statistically significant difference was only found in three out of seven outcome variables, and the effect was small. The generalizability of the study is limited to community-dwelling older adults with presbycusis. Thus, further research is needed for understanding the potential effects of hearing aid technology for other populations. Hearing care providers should continue to insist on research to support the choice of more costly premium technologies when prescribing hearing aids for older adults with presbycusis. Clinical Trial Registration: https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier NCT04539847.

Protocol for a qualitative study exploring the lived experience of hearing loss and patient reported experience in the UK: the HeLP study

IntroductionWorldwide, hearing loss is a significant public health issue and one of the most common chronic health conditions experienced by older adults. Hearing loss is associated with communication difficulties, social...