Agricultural Production In Russia Research Articles

Роль малых предприятий в аграрной экономике: оценка вклада в сельскохозяйственное производство

Small businesses and peasant (farm) households play a key role in agricultural production in Russia, making a significant contribution to the development of the agricultural sector. The relevance of this study is due to the need to analyze the contribution of small enterprises to the total volume of agricultural production and assess their impact on the country's economy. The purpose of the article is to study the role of small enterprises and farms in the agricultural economy of Russia based on data on the share of small enterprises in agricultural production and the main indicators of farmers' activities. The hypothesis of the study is that small enterprises play an important role in the production of crop products, but their contribution to livestock farming remains relatively small. The conducted data analysis showed that small enterprises provide a significant part of the production of grain and oilseeds, but their share in the livestock sector is small. In addition, farms demonstrate steady growth in crop production, especially in the production of grain and oilseeds. The conclusions of the article highlight the importance of further development of small businesses and farms through improved access to financial resources, government support and the introduction of innovative technologies to increase their competitiveness and sustainable growth in the agricultural economy.

Spatial development of agricultural production in Russia: The comparative advantages approach

The territorial planning approach to allocating productive forces is based on the fact that territories have competitive advantages in producing specific products. However, in agriculture, the advantages principle cannot be used to shape the allocation patterns, due to a variety of intervening factors, such as the climatic and environmental conditions for agricultural production and the quality of land and availability of water. In the case of Russia, one of the most diverse countries in terms of the territorial disparities in agricultural production, this study examines the location and development patterns of the agricultural sector. The study identifies the competitive advantages of territories by comparing localization of agricultural production, production costs, performance, and profitability of agricultural producers, as well as prices of agricultural products in 78 different administrative regions in Russia. The study reveals which regions have more advantageous conditions for over-concentrating energy capacities, labor resources, fixed capital, and investments. However, at a certain point, over-concentrated production forces can lead to a deterioration in the performance of farmers due to an increase in capital intensity. Therefore, countries with significant regional differences in agricultural production should adjust their spatial development patterns according to the parameters of territories’ comparative advantages.

The development of grain farming as one of the conditions for the scale of agricultural production in the regions of the country

Agricultural production in Russia exhibits disparities across various levels of development, largely influenced by diverse natural and economic potentials across regions. Certain areas stand out as agro- developed regions, where the volume of agricultural production significantly deviates from the national average. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between the performance of grain farming and the overall scale of agricultural production. It is hypothesized that grain farming, with its high multiplicative capacity, plays a pivotal role in fostering the growth of interconnected agricultural sectors. Thus, the more efficient grain farming is, the greater the overall impact on regional agriculture. Statistical techniques such as grouping, correlation, and regression analysis were employed for analysis. The grouping exercise resulted in the formation of five distinct groups comprising agro-developed regions. These groups were compared based on absolute and average indicators of agricultural production and grain farming performance. The analysis underscores the significance of grain farming as a foundational element of agriculture in these regions, revealing a strong correlation between gross grain harvests and the overall scale of agricultural production. Consequently, the study concludes that there is a pressing need for further development of grain farming, tailored to regional characteristics, and emphasizing the effective implementation of intensification strategies. Currently, the export of grain serves as a crucial stimulus for boosting grain yields. However, it is imperative to maintain the competitiveness of the product amidst global markets. Thus, the study advocates for a balanced approach that considers both regional nuances and market competitiveness to sustainably drive the growth of grain farming and agricultural production in Russia.

Digital Modernization of Agriculture

The article considers the problems of the need for digitalization of agricultural production, which will increase productivity, competitiveness of agricultural production in Russia and on the global stage. Positive aspects that can be emphasized when using digital technologies are numerous. In general, given their focus on the above-said industry development, we consider it necessary to highlight proposals for further digitalization of the industry, which, as it seems, should lead agriculture to the appropriate transformation as soon as possible.

ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИОННОЙ НАДЕЖНОСТИ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ТЕХНИКИ С УЧЕТОМ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ

The technical equipment of agricultural production in Russia is characterized by a low level of energy supply. In the regions of the country, where a sharp decrease in technical equipment has been stabilized, there is a decrease in the number of machines that have developed a standard service life. (Research purpose) The research purpose is assessing the operational reliability of agricultural machinery taking into account the regional features of the maintenance system, capital repairs and modernization of machinery. (Materials and methods) It was noted that in the Republic of Bashkortostan, a program is being implemented to subsidize the costs of agricultural producers for capital repairs and modernization of equipment, which has significantly increased the availability factor of tractors and combines while increasing their standard service life. (Results and discussion) It was established that the operational reliability of agricultural machinery is largely ensured taking into account the regional characteristics of the maintenance and repair system, which is determined by the leading and coordinating role of the regional Ministry of Agriculture in the field of state support for the technical service system of agricultural machinery, scientific, technical and personnel policy. The directions of activity of the engineering service of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Bashkortostan have been identified: subsidizing technical service enterprises; development of tools and technologies for maintenance and repair (import substitution); coordination of work for the serial production of new types of equipment; organization of interaction with industrial enterprises; search and development of constructive solutions to improve the design of components and assemblies; creation of zonal service centers by dealers in the territory of supervised regions; advanced training and retraining of engineering personnel; creation of a systematic catalog database data on tractor parts and mobile agricultural machinery; the development of the secondary market and the trade-in system of agricultural machinery. (Conclusions) Measures of influence on the system of maintenance and repair were determined, taking into account regional peculiarities in the field of state support for the system of technical service of agricultural machinery, scientific, technical and personnel policy of the region.

Technical support system for energy-installed agricultural equipment in the agricultural industry

Agricultural production in Russia solves the most important national problems - food security and import substitution. The conducted research substantiates the need to improve the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex through the introduction of modern innovative technologies. The article outlines the basic principles and technical means that determine the system of maintenance and repair of machines in the agro-industrial complex, as well as the mechanism of relations between manufacturers and consumers of technical means. Current issues of individual subsystems of the repair and maintenance base in the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex and the main groups of repair and maintenance impacts on domestic agricultural machinery were considered, and a relationship was established for foreign-made machines with all elements of maintenance, repair, modernization and disposal. Information is presented on depreciation rates and recommended distributions of the volume of repair and maintenance work by facility.

Integral Assessment of Water Quality in the Volga River Basin According to Monitoring Data in the 21st Century

The Volga River has been the main Russian river for several centuries. The river, originating on the Valdai Hills, crosses several natural and climatic zones on its way to the Caspian Sea: from the southern taiga to the dry steppes of the Caspian Lowland. According to the latest data, 45% of industrial enterprises and 50% of agricultural production in Russia are concentrated in the river basin. The anthropogenic load on the river with its tributaries and their basins significantly exceeds the load on other large Russian rivers. The largest contaminated wastewater volumes fall on the share of Moscow, Samara, Nizhny Novgorod, Yaroslavl, Saratov, Ufa, Volgograd, Balakhna, Tolyatti, Ulyanovsk, Cherepovets, Naberezhnye Chelny and other large cities. All these negative processes occur against the background of ongoing climate change. The article analyzes the Roshydromet hydrochemical monitoring data of river waters in the Volga River basin for the 2000–2021 period by water bodies and federal subjects. Regardless of the year water content, almost 70% of hydrochemical monitoring stations in the Volga River basin correspond to the third quality class (“polluted”). An integral assessment of the water quality in the Volga River basin shows that the situation has not changed significantly since the end of the last century. To improve the ecological condition of the Volga River basin, it is necessary to implement a set of measures for the protection and reproduction of water resources in catchment areas, rationalize water use systems, and reduce the volume of freshwater intake. Reducing water consumption is a necessary condition for reducing the wastewater volume discharged and, consequently, the number of pollutants contained in it. One of the problems is that almost all types of water use harm the surface waters’ natural quality, including the Volga River basin.

Problems and prospects for organic agriculture in Russia

ABSTRACT Russian policymakers have ambitions to become a major exporter of organic foods, capturing as much as 10% of the world’s organic market. Russia’s war with Ukraine and subsequent Western sanctions render this goal unrealistic for the foreseeable future. Aside from the war, this article examines factors that affect the growth of Russia’s organic food sector. We argue that although Russia’s organic food sector has come far in a short period of time, it is unlikely to dislodge the primacy of industrial agriculture, which remains the cornerstone of agricultural production in Russia and in other developed states. The organic food market in Russia is likely to remain a niche market, which means that Russia will remain wedded to industrial agriculture and the food it produces.

Assessment of food losses at the stage of agricultural production in the Russian Federation

The article presents a method of quantitative measurement of food losses in agricultural production in Russia based on verifiable statistical data and the results of its application. The relevance of the study is related to the limited resources for agricultural production and the growing demand for food, considering climate change, leading to an increase in the risks of extreme weather events and epidemics. The estimates of losses presented in Russia are either based on the calculation of food resource balances and have limitations in terms of coverage of the types of losses considered, or are based on subjective assessments of respondents. The proposed method makes it possible to identify focal points of food losses in agricultural production. In addition, the results obtained can be used to assess the potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions because of limiting food losses in Russian agricultural production.

Application of mathematical and statistical methods to the problem of resource management in agricultural production, taking into account uncertainty and risk

The agricultural sphere of production has always been accompanied by the influence of a wide range of factors, among which a large share is assigned to natural and climatic. The activities of agricultural organizations, especially in the field of crop production, are directly related to weather events, and in addition, a number of unstable processes of economic content (prices, demand, etc.), as well as problems caused by sanctions and the need to resolve import substitution issues, force management decisions to be made in conditions of uncertainty and risk. At the same time, the competent use of resource potential enables enterprises to reduce production costs and increase its efficiency in general. The purpose of the study was to develop a procedure for the formation of alternative solutions to the problem of land management for optimal placement of crops in fields using mathematical and statistical methods. The article presents an overview of a number of scientific studies related to the improvement of the activities of agricultural organizations, the results of which highlight and consider the main factors, methods and methods of increasing its effectiveness. According to official statistical sources, the analysis of the state of agricultural production in Russia, the Volga Federal District and the Orenburg Region in the context of the crop industry is given. The methods of game theory are chosen as tools that allow the formation of alternative options according to a number of criteria (Maximax criterion, Wald maximin criterion, Savage minimum risk criterion, Hurwitz pessimism-optimism criterion). The testing of the computational algorithm was carried out on the materials of one of the agricultural organizations of the Orenburg region. As a result of the study, several strategies for the use of land resources were formed when the enterprise was operating under conditions of uncertainty and risk, depending on the behavior of market conditions and natural and climatic factors. The analysis of the presented calculations showed an increase in the profit of the organization when planning the distribution of areas for agricultural crops using mathematical and statistical tools, and the possibility of automating the computational process (against the background of the digitalization of data flow processing that is relevant today) will significantly reduce the time when making managerial decisions. The results of the work can be recommended to agricultural organizations for use in the process of land management to achieve maximum efficiency and profitability of the business.

Agricultural Land Involvement into Economic Circulation: Problems and Solutions

One of the important reserves for further growth of agricultural production in Russia is the economic development of currently unused agricultural land, the area of which is about 33 million hectares (16,7% of the total area of agricultural land in the country), including 18 million hectares of arable land. The measures taken by the government to stimulate the introduction of agricultural land into economic circulation are considered. The conclusion is made about the need for the development of small and medium-sized businesses as an important direction for improving the efficiency of land use. Proposals have been formulated to improve land policy in agriculture, including the adjustment of legislative legislation.

АНАЛИЗ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ И БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ РОССИИ И КИРОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The issues of agricultural development in a changing, unstable external environment and an increasing share of threats, risks and external pressure are the most important problem of economic development both in individual regions for which agriculture is the basis of life, and the whole country as a whole. The article discusses the results of the analysis and forecasting of agricultural production in Russia and the Kirov region in 2011–2021. The problems and aspects that determine the importance of agricultural development not only for the economy, but also for the life of citizens are identified. An assessment of the efficiency and safety of a number of indicators of agricultural production in the Kirov region is presented.

Assessment of agricultural production in Russia in the context of global food security

The world’s economies are focused on sustainable development and food security. One of the main components of the food security system of the country - agricultural production - is highlighted. The study aims to identify the problems and prospects for the development of food security. The objectives of the study are related to the justification of the system of indicators (criteria) to assess the level of food security of countries, the choice of the list of countries for comparative analysis, conducting economic and statistical analysis, formulating directions to improve food security management. The system of indicators to assess the level of food security in the countries based on the assessment of average annual indices of production and consumption of products per capita and per arable land or livestock, poultry. An assessment of food security in terms of agricultural development indicators was conducted for the years 2010-2018. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the development of a methodology for assessing food security indicators, assessment of progressive and negative changes in the level of food security, formulation of conclusions to improve food security in Russia. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of developing a more efficient state agricultural policy.

Current state and prospects for the development of the material and technical facilities of agriculture

Modern agricultural production should be based on the reliable innovation-oriented material and technical facilities, which will create reliable prerequisites and guarantees for national food security. Until now, many sectors of the Russian economy and its agro-industrial complex, in particular, are significantly dependent on foreign supplies of equipment and innovative technologies. Given the specifics of agricultural production in Russia, an important role in solving the problem of technical and technological modernization of agriculture should be given to state support. In recent years, there has been a reduction in the number of agricultural machineries in the region under study and, as a result, at the same time, the operational load on it is growing, which leads to its intensive wear and tear, breakdowns, and, consequently, to frequent current and major repairs. As a result, the cost of production increases, the efficiency of agricultural production decreases. An important direction in the process of optimizing the operation of equipment is the correct ratio between the rate of its renewal and the efficiency of its use. At the present stage of development of the material and technical facilities of the regional agro-industrial complex, it is advisable to develop organizational and managerial measures in order to use the existing production potential effectively.

Impact of counter-sanctions on agricultural production in Russia

The problem of the effectiveness of the sanctions mechanism in the modern world is acute. Currently, Western countries have introduced six packages of sanctions against the Russian economy. However, not all types of sanctions are negative for Russian enterprises. Food counter-sanctions introduced by Russia in 2014 had a positive impact on agricultural production in the country. Thanks to them, to a large extent, it was possible to eliminate the negative consequences of the 1990s. in agriculture. The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of counter-sanctions on agricultural production in 2014-2019. As part of this work, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: - determine the change in the volume of agricultural production in 2014-2019 in the conditions of the Samara region; - to analyse the change in the system of state support for agricultural production; - to identify factors that affect the performance of agricultural producers. During the period of counter-sanctions (even with a decrease in the amount of state support), it was possible to increase crop yields, put unused arable land into circulation, and renew the machine and tractor fleet of agricultural enterprises).

Provision of agricultural machinery for agricultural production in Russia

Relevance. The level of technical equipment occupies a special place in the development of agricultural production. For the development and improvement of production operations in agriculture, developed countries are introducing various high-tech processes and equipment. As a result, agricultural work becomes more interesting, productive and efficient. Only due to the complete automation of technological operations and processes, it is possible to significantly facilitate hard physical labor. The volume of work is significantly increasing at the same costs with the use of innovative machinery and equipment in agricultural production. Consequently, this leads to an increase in the economic efficiency of production.Materials and research methods. The materials of the study were data from periodicals on trends in the technical re-equipment of agriculture in Russia, materials of statistical reporting of the Russian Federation, its constituent entities and the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia over the past decades. In the course of the research, abstractlogical, monographic, computational-constructive, comparative analysis and statistical methods were used.Results. According to the results of the studies, it was established that the provision of agricultural machinery and equipment to agricultural enterprises in Russia has been deteriorating from year to year since 1990, there is a high level of deterioration of technical equipment, a low level of its renewal, a large share of old structures in the structure of the technical fleet of agricultural enterprises. Due to the lack of agricultural machinery, Russia loses about 30% of its crop yield every year, significant losses of production occur from non-compliance with agrotechnical terms for spring sowing, sowing winter crops, harvesting, as well as violations of the technology of cultivation of crops. As the reasons for the lag in the technical equipment of agricultural enterprises in Russia, the authors highlight such factors as the low level of profitability of agricultural enterprises, the inaccessibility of credit funds and weak government support for the industry. It is proved that without positive changes in the trend of technical equipment of agricultural organizations it will be impossible to increase the efficiency of agricultural production.

Business activity of the population in the agrarian sector of the depressed area's economy

Subject. This article discusses the prospects of agricultural production in Russia. Objectives. The article aims to assess the development of entrepreneurial and economic activity in the agricultural sector of the depressed areas of the Far East of Russia, as well as identify possible measures to solve urgent economic problems. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of comparative analysis and classification. Results. The article finds that depressed agrarian areas are gradually adapting to the changed economic conditions through the development of entrepreneurial and economic activities of the rural population and the expansion of agricultural organizations from other areas of the region. Conclusions. It is necessary to intensify government incentives for small business in the agro-industrial complex in order to increase agricultural production. This will help meet the consumer demand of the population of the Far East of Russia.

Expanding through Precarity

Abstract Since the early 2000s, the border regions of the Russian Far East have seen rapid growth in large-scale Chinese agriculture through contract-farming arrangements. This article, drawing on archival and ethnographic findings, focuses on contract relations between Chinese agribusinesses and small farmers as a labour regime, unusual in the Russian context. It argues that practices of informal subcontracting, mediation and border governance underlie this regime and produce precarity for small farmers, shifting to them the natural and human risks of agricultural production in Russia. The article points out that managers of large companies used the border to discipline and dispossess direct producers.

The Produce Organic Product as Strategic Elements of System Provision Security

Food security is a strategic element of the state’s economic policy, which allows to provide quality food not only to the population of the state, but also to carry out export activities. The growing trend of demand for ecological products all over the world allows Russia to develop the production of organic and ecologically clean products, occupying a stable segment in the world market. Organic agriculture is the most popular alternative to traditional agriculture in the world; the volume of the global organic food market has been increasing annually for a long time. An analytical review of the state of the world and national markets for organic agricultural products is presented in various aspects: agricultural land area, concentration of producers, international trade. The place of Russia in the world market of organic agricultural products has been determined. The key trends, problems and prospects for the development of organic agricultural production in Russia are highlighted. The presented data demonstrate the continuation of the positive trend in demand for organic products in developed countries. The Russian market is characterized by the following: high average annual growth rates of organic lands; increasing the share of land for the production of organic agricultural products; unstable number of producers; stabilization of the volume of the internal market for organic products at the level of 120 million euro; stabilization of the export volume of organic products at the level of 4 million euro. The production of organic products is advisable in local product markets, since the production of organic products is a product with high added value, increased requirements for certification of organic products and a narrow segment of consumers.

Trends in Russian exports and imports of agricultural machinery

The current socio-economic situation in the world precedes the need for accelerated development of agricultural production in Russia. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to actively use new technologies that ensure uninterrupted and high-quality operation of the machine and tractor fleet. The article analyzes the dynamics of Russian imports and exports of agricultural machinery based on data from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, examines the geographical structure of exports and imports of the main types of machinery and tractor fleet, analyzes their quantitative component. Against the background of the revealed trends in Russian exports and imports of agricultural machinery, it is noted that the export of machinery by 2025 should increase by 1.8 times by 2021 and overcome the milestone of 30.2 billion rubles. It is predicted that the share of Russian equipment in almost all major types by 2025 should reach 80% (tractors, combines, tillage equipment, sowing equipment). Other types of equipment must overcome 50%.