Agricultural Experiment Station Research Articles

Evaluation of maize hybrids for resistance to major diseases and pests in the conditions of the southwestern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Topicality. The results of phytopathological evaluation of breeding material (the maize hybrids (Zea mays L.)) against the natural background of the main diseases fusarium (Fusarium (F. moniliforme J. Sheld), bacteriosis (Bacillus mesentericus-vulgatus Flugge), white rust (non-parasitic disease), boil smut (Ustilago zeae (Beskm.) Unger)) are given. The damage of corn hybrids by the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hb) was determined. Purpose. Our research was aimed to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of new maize hybrids for resistance to major diseases and pests in the conditions of the southwestern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The studies was conducted on the fields of Bukovyna State Agricultural Experimental Station of Institute of Agriculture in Carpathian region NAAS in selective crop rotation of NAAS according to generally accepted methods of field experiments, methodical recommendations and handbooks. The resistance of 299 maize hybrids was evaluated, including 125 hybrids in the competitive variety trial and 174 in the preliminary variety trial. Pochayivskyi 190 MV and DB Lada hybrids were used as a standard for comparing early-ripening hybrids, and Orzhytsia 237 MV and DB Khotyn hybrids were used as a standard for comparing mid-early hybrids. Early-ripening hybrids are included in the FAO 180–199, and mid-early hybrids – in the FAO 200–299. Results. Sampling based on hybrids resistance to major diseases and damage by European corn borer will improve grain quality and productivity of newly developed maize hybrids. Highly resistant, resistant and medium resistant to diseases hybrids were identified, which can be recommended for state variety testing: to Fusarium pathogen – 52, 97 and 92 (80.5 %) hybrids, bacteriosis – 143, 106, 38 (95.9 %), white smut – 190, 59, 34 (94.8 %), boil smut – 279, 8, 10 (99.3 %), respectively, and to damage by European corn borer: highest resistant (damage 0–5 %) – 172, high resistant (6–15 %) – 75, and medium resistant (damage 16–25 %) – 35 (94.3 %) hybrids. Conclusion. As a result of multi-year research, a number of maize hybrids, which are characterized by resistance to major diseases and pests and high yielding properties (9.2 t/ha), were bred by the Bukovyna State Agricultural Experimental Station of the Institute of Agriculture in the Carpathian Region of NAAS in co-authorship with breeders of the Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS., Thus, 77 maize hybrids have high resistance to damage by European corn borer, 8 hybrids were distinguished by high resistance to the pathogen of boil smut. In addition, 97 maize hybrids were resistant to Fusarium pathogen. The implementation of these hybrids in production will significantly improve the maize yield in the southwestern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. For the second year, the early ripe hybrid (FAO 180) DB Tyras, created in co-authorship with the State Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS, is undergoing state variety testing. The hybrid is characterized by high resistance to pathogens of Fusarium, boil smut, the potential yield of which is 13.5 t/ha. Key words: hybrid, maize, natural background, disease, pest, resistance, injury, damage

Synthesizing forecasts to inform decision‐making and advance ecological theory

Synthesizing forecasts to inform decision‐making and advance ecological theory

Agrotechnics of sorghum in grass-field crop rotation for the conditions of the West Kazakhstan region

Sorghum can be sown after any crop in a field rotation, but in fields that are free of weeds. Sorghum is easy to grow in a wide variety of soil and climate conditions. Most often, it is cultivated in arid conditions, which is its clear advantage over other crops. These studies were conducted from 2019-2021. at the station in LLP “Ural Agricultural Experimental Station”, deployed in time and space, grass-field crop rotation, where the predecessors for sorghum were a mixture of perennial grasses of the fifth year of life. Before sowing sorghum, a background agrochemical characterization of the soil was carried out at 20 and 40 cm. In the studies, appropriate agrotechnics for sorghum cultivation were applied. The use of crops of perennial grasses consisting of cereal-legume phytocenoses (wheat grass, sainfoin, alfalfa) in grass-field crop rotations is promising from the point of view of further application of chemical means of protection against weeds, but also increasing soil fertility due to the organic matter of crop rotation crops.

Registration of ‘MT Sidney’ hard red spring wheat

Abstract‘MT Sidney’ (Reg. no. CV‐1199; PI 699957) hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in January 2021 as a new cultivar adapted to Montana's rainfed growing environments. MT Sidney was a selection from the cross MT1274/‘RB07’ and was tested in Montana as experimental line MT1716 from 2018 to 2020. MT1274 is an unreleased, Montana experimental line, and RB07 was released by the University of Minnesota in 2007 for high yield, moderate Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance, and good end‐use quality. MT Sidney was in the top‐yielding statistical group in our advanced yield trial that includes ‘Vida’ (PI 642366), the most widely grown cultivar in Montana. MT Sidney also has significantly higher test weight and an earlier heading date than Vida. Multiple years of FHB resistance screening indicate MT Sidney is moderately resistant to FHB. MT Sidney was released based on high yield potential, high test weight, early heading date, and moderate FHB resistance.

Impact of Care and Nutrition Methods on the Content and Uptake of Selected Mineral Elements in Solanum tuberosum

The aim of the study was to evaluate the content and uptake of macronutrients (P, Ca, Mg, K) in Solanum tuberosum tubers and the effect of care with biostimulants from a three-year field experiment conducted at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Zawady, Poland. The experiment was set up in a split-plot arrangement with three replications. The first factor was two varieties of edible potato (Oberon and Malaga), and the second factor was five treatments with herbicide and biostimulants: (I) control facility, (II) herbicide (chlomazone + metribuzin), (III) herbicide and biostimulant PlonoStart, (IV) herbicide and biostimulant Aminoplant, (V) herbicide and biostimulant Agro-Sorb Folium. Biostimulants and herbicide increased the concentration of P, Mg, Ca, and K compared to tubers harvested from the control facility. The Oberon variety had the highest macro-nutrient uptake capacity. The application of herbicide with biostimulants increased the uptake of the mentioned mineral nutrients compared to the control variant. Climatic conditions affected the content and uptake of selected elements.

The perspective soft spring wheat variety Semenovna is the result of international cooperation

The research is aimed at studying economically valuable traits and genetic control of resistance to leaf-stem diseases, photoperiodic reaction and short stemming of soft spring wheat variety Semenovna, created by scientists of the Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center (Russia) and the North Kazakhstan Agricultural Experimental Station (Kazakhstan). Using methods of state variety testing, molecular genetics and in vitro methods, morphological features of a new variety, features of its development have been described, the yield level at different ecological test points for three years (2015-2017) has been analyzed. The studies conducted at two ecological points made it possible to select a medium-sized promising line of soft spring wheat (Lutescens 354/04-6), which was transferred to the State Registration Service of the Republic of Kazakhstan and after two years of testing was included into the State Register of the Republic of Kazakhstan under the name Semenovna (patent No. 1023). In terms of grain quality, it was at the level of valuable wheat, exceeded the standard in protein content by 1-2 % and raw gluten by 3-4 %. The new medium-ripe Semenovna variety combines increased yield (2.73-4.40 t/ha) with resistance to drought (resistance index Ir = 0.57), brown and stem rust (IU = 0.00-0.23). The genotype of the variety contains wheat-rye translocation 1RS.1BL (with a cluster of Lr26/Sr31/Pm8/Yr9 genes). The medium-stem variety carries the Rht8b allele in its genotype (174 bp) and is photosensitive to the length of the day (allele 414 bp). The parameters of ecological plasticity of the new variety are determined: linear regression coefficient (bi = 1.08), stability index (σd2 = 0.27).

The Effects of Agronomic Management in Different Tillage Systems on the Fall Growth of Winter Oilseed Rape

The article presents the results of a three-year study, which analyzed agronomic management in the production of winter oilseed rape (WOSR) in different tillage systems. The effects of weed control and growth regulation in fall on the number of rosette leaves, epicotyl length, root collar diameter, taproot length, rosette weight, root weight, and the overwintering success of WOSR plants in different tillage systems were determined in the study. A field experiment was conducted at the University’s Agricultural Experiment Station in Bałcyny in north-eastern Poland in three growing seasons (2016/2017–2018/2019). The experiment had a mixed 21 × 32 factorial design with two replications, where one factor was evaluated at two levels, and two factors were evaluated at three levels. The experimental factors were: A—tillage: (A0) strip-till, (A1) low-till, and (A2) conventional tillage; B—weed control: (B0) pre-emergent, (B1) foliar, and (B2) sequential; C—growth regulation: (C0) none and (C1) in fall. Winter oilseed rape plants developed rosettes with the optimal morphometric parameters in the strip-till system. Sequential and foliar application of herbicides decreased the dry matter (DM) content of leaf rosettes (by approx. 18%). The application of the growth regulator in BBCH stages 14–15 increased taproot length by 3%.

Winter Oilseed Rape: Agronomic Management in Different Tillage Systems and Seed Quality

A three-year study was conducted to analyze agronomic management in the production of winter oilseed rape (WOSR) under different tillage systems. A field experiment was conducted at the University’s Agricultural Experiment Station in Bałcyny (north-eastern Poland), in three growing seasons (2016/2017, 2017/2018, and 2018/2019). The experiment had a 35–2 resolution III fractional factorial design with five fixed factors that were tested at three levels of intensity. The experimental factors were: A—tillage: (A0) strip-till, (A1) low-till, (A2) conventional tillage; B—weed control: (B0) pre-emergent, (B1) foliar, (B2) sequential; C—growth regulation: (C0) none, (C1) in fall, (C2)—in fall and spring; D—rate of nitrogen (N) fertilizer applied in spring: (D0) 160, (D1) 200, (D2) 240 kg ha−1; and E—rate of sulfur (S) fertilizer applied in spring: (E0) 0, (E1) 40, (E2) 80 kg ha−1. The crude fat (CF) content of WOSR seeds was highest in the strip-till system (498 g kg−1 dry matter, DM), and the total protein (TP) content of seeds was highest (196 g kg−1 DM) in low-till and conventional tillage systems. The content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was higher in seeds harvested from strip-till and low-till systems than from the conventional tillage system. The seeds of WOSR plants grown in the conventional tillage system accumulated more (by 0.4%) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and less (by 0.5–0.6%) monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). An increase in the N rate from 160–200 to 240 kg ha−1 decreased the CF content (495 vs. 484 g kg−1 DM) and increased the TP content of seeds (191 vs. 199 g kg−1 DM). Sulfur fertilization induced a 34% increase in glucosinolate (GLS) concentrations in WOSR seeds, mainly by enhancing the biosynthesis of alkenyl GLS (by 39%).

Determining basil production functions under simultaneous water, salinity, and nitrogen stresses

One of the priorities in the management of agricultural inputs, such as water and fertilizers, involves investigating the variations in the crop yields under actual field conditions, subjected to the effects of various simultaneous stresses. The current study is mainly aimed at investigating the simultaneous effects of triple water, salinity, and nitrogen stresses on basil, Mazandaran mass cultivar, and determining its production functions in such situations. The study was conducted at Doshan Tappeh Agricultural Experiment Station with an area of one ha in Tehran, Iran. A factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with different irrigation levels as the main treatment. In addition, two sub-treatments, i.e., salinity and fertilization, were conducted in three replications by a water and soil laboratory in 2016 and 2017. The irrigation treatments included full irrigation (FI) in 100% (W1) and deficit irrigation (DI) in 80% (W2), 60% (W3), and 40% (W4) of crop water requirements. The salinity treatment involved 1.175 ds m−1 (S1) (control treatment), 3 ds/m (S2), and 5 ds/m (S3), while the fertilization treatment involved 100% (F1) (control treatment), 75% (F2), and 50% (F3) of the recommended fertilizer requirement. Overall, results indicated that under a constant fertilizer treatment, the rise in the salinity and water stress reduced the basil yield, while under the water-fertilizer double stress, the basil yield rate first decreased and then had a notable increase. By applying water and salinity stresses, the crop yield experienced a steeper reduction under the water stress than the salinity stress. Contrary to expectations, fertilization reduced basil yield under these conditions.

POPULATION DENSITY AFFECTS ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND YIELD OF BJRI DESHI PAT SHAK-3

Plant density is very important growth and yield contributing character of different crops. An experiment was conducted at Jute Agriculture Experimental Station, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Jagir, Manikganj to select suitable seed rate for leaf and seed yield of jute as vegetable. Six different seed rate i.e., T1=4.17, T2=8.33, T3=12.5, T4=16.67, T5=20.83 and T6=25.00 kg/ha were used as experimental treatment. Results revealed that the highest leaf number (14.13), leaf fresh weight (10.9g) and leaf dry weight (2.03g) was recorded in T3 treatment whereas the highest capsule number (375), number of seed per capsule (32) and seed yield per plant (15.16g) was found in T2 treatment. Days to seed maturity was minimum (85 days) in T2 treatment. It might be concluded that considering as a vegetable crop 12.5 kg/ha rate is the best seed rate for vegetative yield.

First report of Lasiodiplodia mahajangana causing canker of mango (Mangifera indica) in Puerto Rico.

Mango originated in the Indo-Burmese region (Alphonse de Candolle, 1885). In the Caribbean, Puerto Rico currently produces and exports mangoes to the United States and Europe. Globally, an important disease affecting mango production is dieback, caused by fungi belonging to Botryosphaeriaceae family. During a one-year survey from 2019 to 2020, conducted at the mango germplasm collection of the Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Puerto Rico, located at Juana Díaz, PR, symptoms of dieback were observed in shoots, descending towards the woody part, and vascular necrosis. We sampled bimonthly, 35 Keitt trees for one year. At the end of the evaluation, we detected that a 74% disease incidence was caused by Botryosphaeriaceae. Lasiodiplodia mahajangana (syn. L. caatinguensis) was associated with 4% disease incidence. In addition, we identified other Botryosphaeriaceae species causing 70% of disease incidence. To identify the causal agent, sections of symptomatic tissue (4mm2) were surface disinfected by immersion in 70% ethanol, 10% sodium hypochlorite and rinsed with sterile-distilled water for 1 minute at each solution. Sections were transferred to petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar acidified with 85% lactic acid (aPDA). Ten fungal isolates were obtained with similar morphological characteristics such as colony color and texture, after 12 days. Of these, one representative (isolate 17) was selected and identified as L. mahajangana (Lm) using morphological parameters and sequences of four nuclear genes (Zhang, W. et al., 2021). In aPDA, Lm colonies showed sparse and slow-growing aerial mycelium with dark gray-greenish color at the center and light gray edges. Black pycnidia were observed after 15 days of incubation at 28°C and dark conditions. Hyaline, ovoid to ellipsoid immature conidia (n=40) with average size of 22 µm long and 12 µm wide were observed. Mature bicellular pigmented conidia (n=40) had longitudinal striate and its average size was 23 µm long and 12 µm wide. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS), β-tubulin (βtub), elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α) and large ribosomal subunit (LSU) genetic regions were amplified by PCR from the original and pathogenicity test recovered isolates. Sequences of PCR products were compared with NCBI database BLAST tool with other Lm sequences. Sequence accession numbers of the four genetic regions of Lm are as follows: OL375401 and OL375402 for the ITS region; OL405579 and OL405580 for β-tubulin; OL455922 and OL455923 for EF1-α; and OL375648 and OL375649 for LSU. All the sequences were grouped with the ex-type CMM1325 of Lm (BS=84). Pathogenicity tests were performed on 6-month-old mango trees of cv. Keitt. Three healthy trees were inoculated with 5 mm mycelial disks of Lm, on stems, with and without wounds. Controls were inoculated with aPDA disks only. Inoculated trees were covered for 3 days with plastic bags, keeping them in conditions of high relative humidity with constant irrigation, temperature of 28°C, and 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness for 12 days. Twelve days after inoculation, Lm isolates caused stem necrosis and canker, with differences in lesion severity from 2 to 17 mm2 with wound, and 0 to 6 mm2 without wound. Untreated controls showed no symptoms of canker. Lasiodiplodia mahajangana was re-isolated from diseased stems fulfilling Koch's postulates, and a sequence of the recovered isolate from the pathogenicity test was compared and included in the phylogenetic analysis. Lasiodiplodia mahajangana has been reported to cause stem-end rot of mango in Malaysia (Li, L. et. al., 2021). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Lm causing canker of mango in Puerto Rico. Knowing L. mahajangana as a new pathogen that causes canker of mango is important to establish an adequate and effective control management of this disease in mango producing countries worldwide.

Identification and Pathogenicity of the Soybean Root Rot Pathogen in Arid Conditions

Soy is an important oilseed crop in Kazakhstan. However, its yield is significantly reduced due to an increase in the development of fungal diseases with soil infection. This study aims to identify the root rot pathogen in soybean varieties in Western Kazakhstan and assess its pathogenicity. Samples of soybean roots to determine the root rot pathogen were selected at the experimental plots of the Aktobe agricultural experimental station in 2021. Genetic analysis of isolates observed on potato dextrose agar medium from soybean root slices was carried out using the sequencing reaction of internal transcribed spacer region nucleotide sequences using the Big Dye Terminator protocol (applied biosystems) with a further comparison of data with the Gen bank database. A test for the pathogenicity of the identified isolates of the fungus was carried out. Statistical data processing was carried out using the R-studio software according to the nonparametric Kruskal Wallis test. Phylogenetic analysis of samples of soybean affected by root rot showed that the main biotic agent causing root rot was the imperfect fungus Fusarium equiseti. Sequencing of the highly informative internal transcribed spacer region of fungal isolates allowed identifying strains 1 and 2 belonging to the species Fusarium equiseti. The pathogenicity test established that isolates of the Fusarium equiseti fungus caused discoloration of seedlings and plant roots and necrosis in soybean seedlings.

Structured Decision Making to Prioritize Regional Bird Monitoring Needs

Conservation planning for large ecosystems has multiple benefits but is often challenging to implement because of the multiple jurisdictions, species, and habitats involved. In addition, decision making at large spatial scales can be hampered because many approaches do not explicitly incorporate potentially competing values and concerns of stakeholders. After the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, establishing baselines was challenging because of (1) variation in study designs, (2) inconsistent use of explicit objectives and hypotheses, (3) inconsistent use of standardized monitoring protocols, and (4) variation in spatial and temporal scope associated with avian monitoring projects before the spill. Herein, we show how the Gulf of Mexico Avian Monitoring Network members used structured decision making to identify bird monitoring priorities. We used multiple tools and techniques to clearly define the problem and stakeholder objectives and to identify bird monitoring priorities at the scale of the entire northern Gulf of Mexico region. Although our example is specific to the northern Gulf of Mexico, this approach provides an example of how stakeholder values can be incorporated into the coordination process of broad-scale monitoring programs to address management, restoration, and scientific questions in other ecosystems and for other taxa. History: This paper was refereed. This paper was accepted for the Special Issue of INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics—Decision Analysis. Funding: Thanks to the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [Grant 324423], which supported A. Fournier as a postdoctoral research associate at Mississippi State University. M. Woodrey was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch Project funds, the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration [Grant NA16NOS4200088 to the Mississippi Department of Marine Resources’ Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve], and the Mississippi Department of Marine Resources [Grant 8200025414]. This publication is a contribution of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. T. Zenzal was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RESTORE Act Science Program [Grant NA17NOS4510092].

Registration of ‘Pembroke 2021’ soft red winter wheat

AbstractKentucky's wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop is planted into a rotation in which corn (Zea mays L.) is followed by wheat, which is followed by double‐crop soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, overwinters in corn stubble; thus, the Kentucky wheat crop is always at risk for FHB. The preeminent goal of the University of Kentucky wheat breeding program is releasing FHB‐resistant winter wheat cultivars. ‘Pembroke 2021’ (Reg. no. CV‐1198, PI 701381) is an early‐maturing, semi‐dwarf, soft red winter wheat cultivar developed and released in 2020 by the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station for FHB resistance, high yield and test weight potential, and lodging resistance. Pembroke 2021, tested as KY 07C‐1145‐94‐12‐5, was developed from the cross ‘IL99‐15867’/B990081//KY97C‐0554‐04‐05. The pedigree of the KY parent is VA94‐54‐549/Roane//Kristy. Pembroke 2021 was named for the Pembroke silt loam soil series prevalent in the main wheat‐producing area of Kentucky. Pembroke 2021 was selected from F4:5 head rows using a modified bulk breeding method; selected rows carried the resistance allele at the following FHB resistance quantitative trait loci: 1B Jamestown, 1A Neuse, 4A Neuse, and 3B Massey. Pembroke 2021 was tested in Kentucky in multi‐location replicated yield trials, the Uniform Eastern Soft Red Winter Wheat Nursery, the Mason‐Dixon nursery, the Uniform Northern Winter Wheat Scab Nursery, and the Kentucky Wheat Variety Trial.

Benefits of liquid urea and a microbial catalyst on biomass and the nutritional value of Mombasa grass

During 2019, an experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Isabela (Puerto Rico) on an Oxisol with previously well-stablished stands of cv. Mombasa. This experiment assessed the effects of a microbial catalyst (MC) and liquid urea 22-0-0 (LU) at a rate of 168 kg ha-1 (in split applications), a mixture of LU+MC and a control on aboveground biomass, root biomass, nutritional value, nitrogen use efficiency and soil parameters on cv. Mombasa at 35-day (d) harvests during six harvests. The study was established in a completely randomized design with four replicates. The effects of LU and MC on belowground (root) biomass were determined by collecting samples in 1 m2 to determine the yield and chemical composition. Soil samples were collected at 15 cm depth using a soil corer at the first and 6th harvest from each plot to assess organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), pH, macronutrients, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The results showed that aboveground biomass doubled using LU (2369 kg DM ha-1) compared to the control and MC (1100 kg DM ha-1). Crude protein (CP) was 10.1 % using LU. Neutral Detergent fiber was 70 % for the control, 74.2 % when LU was used, and around 40 % for acid detergent fiber (ADF) for any treatment. Overall, there were no significant effects of treatments on OC and organic matter percentages, P, N, Ca, Mg, and CEC. In conclusion, LU is an excellent source of N for Mombasa, but shorter harvest frequencies may be required to improve the fiber quality of Mombasa.

Solanum carolinense L.

<i>Solanum carolinense</i> L.

Ecological plasticity of safflower varieties in contrasting natural and climatic conditions of Western Kazakhstan

This research was carried out within the framework of the scientific and technical program BR10764991, “Creation of highly productive varieties and hybrids of oilseeds and cereals based on the achievements of biotechnology, genetics, physiology, and biochemistry of plants for their sustainable production in various soil and climatic zones of Kazakhstan,” under the budget program 267, “Increasing the availability of knowledge and scientific research.” The article presents the results of ecological variety testing of safflower in the arid conditions of Western Kazakhstan. Safflower is a drought-resistant oilseed crop that can produce a stable crop of oilseeds with an oil content of 27-38% in the conditions of the West Kazakhstan region. The main purpose of this scientific work is the systematic study of the selection material of safflower, with the identification of sources of valuable traits and properties based on ecological selection, and the creation of new competitive and patentable varieties adapted to the agroecological conditions of the region. The article presents the yield and the main elements of the structure of the yield of oilseeds of isolated safflower samples. The biological yield of safflower seeds in the nursery of ecological variety testing ranged from 6.4 to 12.0 c/ha. The article summarizes the results of ecological variety testing of safflower selection from the Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant growing, the Research Institute of Agriculture of the South-East of the Volgograd State Agricultural Academy, the Krasnovodopadsky agricultural experimental station, and the Aktobe agricultural experimental station. These varieties were evaluated in this nursery based on their main economically valuable traits.

ВЛИЯНИЕ СРОКОВ ПОСЕВА НА ЗАСОРЁННОСТЬ И УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ ЧЕЧЕВИЦЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ СЕВЕРНОГО КАЗАХСТАНА

The purpose of the work is to study the timing of sowing lentils in the southern chernozems of Kostanay region when the optimal temperature regime of the soil is reached, their effect on the contamination of crops and crop yield. The research was carried out in 2021-2022 at the experimental field of «Agricultural Experimental Station «Zarechnoye» LLP (Kostanay region, Republic of Kazakhstan). The experiment studied the timing of sowing lentils – May 22 (control), May 25, May 27, May 31. The predecessor is spring wheat. The technology of tillage is No-till. There is a tendency to decrease the level of contamination of lentil crops in the phase of full germination, as the sowing dates are postponed from early to late. Thus, the total number of weeds during sowing on May 30 is reduced by 5 times compared to the control variant (May 22) – 18.5 pcs/ m2. The growing season of lentils in 2021 was 82-84 days, in 2022 – 80-83 days. On average, the highest yield of lentils was obtained when sowing on May 27 – 11.17 c/ha, which is higher than the control by 1.01 c/ha.

Chemical Studies of Exotic Mango Cultivars under South Gujarat Agro-Climatic Conditions

The present investigation entitled “Performance of exotic mango cultivars under South Gujarat agro-climatic conditions” was conducted during 2018-19 at Agriculture Experimental Station, NAU, Paria and Center of Excellence on Post Harvest Technology, Department of Post Harvest Technology, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari. The experiment was taken on 15 year old exotic mango cultivars planted at 8 m spacing in square system and laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) repeated thrice with nine treatments. Among these cultivar Maya was found to be superior with respect to TSS, ascorbic acid, reducing sugar, total sugar and overall acceptability

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ КОЛЛЕКЦИОННОГО ПИТОМНИКА ЛЬНА МАСЛИЧНОГО В УСЛОВИЯХ ТОО «СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННАЯ ОПЫТНАЯ СТАНЦИЯ «ЗАРЕЧНОЕ»

The article presents data on the most important indicators in the cultivation of oilseed flax, obtained during research at the Agricultural Experimental Station Zarechnoye LLP for 2022. The most intensive plant growth was observed after the flax plants passed the herringbone phase up to the flowering phase, the linear development of plants stopped. Intensive root growth in depth occurred in the early phases of development. During our research, flax plants have placed increased demands on heat, especially during the ripening period. At low air temperatures, the germination of seeds and the emergence of seedlings were significantly slowed down. According to the results of the research, promising varieties were identified that exceed the indicators of the standard variety. 36 varieties were sown in the nursery of oilseed flax in 2022. All of them are part of the world collection, they belong to Russian, Canadian, Ukrainian, etc. breeding. The domestic selection is represented by 6 varieties: Kustanayskaya-5, Kazar, Kostanay 11, Ilyich, Slavyachil, Altyn. The zoned Kazar variety was taken as the standard, which was located every 5 varieties. In regions where oilseed flax is cultivated, fusarium wilt is the main predominant type of disease. Resistance to fusarium wilt was determined by counting plants after germination and before harvesting in the infected area. Such varieties as Isilkulsky, Kinelsky 2000, Ilyich, Slavyachil, Kazar, Osean, Triumph, Istok, Antares, Kustanaysky 5 turned out to be moderately stable.