Agricultural Enterprises Research Articles

ANTI-CRISIS CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS FOR THE ADAPTATION OF UKRAINE’S AGRICULTURAL BUSINES IN CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC TURBULENCE

The article provides a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the strategic directions of anti-crisis development for agricultural companies in Ukraine amid growing economic turbulence. This turbulence stems from large-scale military aggression, broken logistics chains, a drastic drop in investment, heightened financial risks, and the accelerating impact of climate change. The relevance of forming a flexible and adaptive system of strategic management, capable of prompt crisis response and sustaining the stable operation of the agricultural sector, is thoroughly substantiated. The study pays particular attention to major challenges faced by the sector, including insufficient financing, legislative and regulatory instability, technological backwardness, a shortage of skilled labor, and increasing environmental and market threats. Based on a detailed review, six key strategic directions for anti-crisis adaptation are identified: diversification of production and sales markets; integration of innovative technologies and digital solutions; strengthening of financial resilience; improvement of logistics infrastructure; promotion of environmentally friendly production and climate resilience; and enhancement of human capital in agribusiness. For each of these directions, the paper proposes practical tools and mechanisms for implementation, grounded in modern approaches to risk management, digital transformation of business processes, environmental sustainability, and international integration. In addition, the article presents a classification of key risk factors that complicate the implementation of anti-crisis programs in agricultural companies. These include financial, operational, regulatory, technological, and environmental risks, each of which requires targeted strategies and institutional support. The identification and systematic analysis of these risks provide a foundation for adaptive decision-making and long-term sustainability in agricultural development. The successful implementation of these strategies, as the article emphasizes, requires strong governmental support — in the form of innovation financing, tax and regulatory reforms, infrastructure development, and educational initiatives. The findings can inform both the development of applied strategies for agricultural enterprises and the formulation of public policy aimed at reinforcing the resilience and global competitiveness of Ukraine’s agrarian sector in times of continued uncertainty.

Achieve sustainable operation of agricultural enterprises: improving agribusiness performance through digital transformation

IntroductionDigital transformation (DT) refers to the process of leveraging digital technologies to drive innovation in business models, thereby enabling enterprises to create greater value and deliver innovative solutions for efficient agricultural production.MethodsUsing data from 211 listed agricultural companies in China from 2009 to 2022, this study investigates the impact and pathways through which DT influences financial performance (FP), employing a range of methodologies. To enhance text mining accuracy, the research incorporates natural language processing (NLP) and large language models (LLM).ResultsThe findings indicate that DT within agricultural enterprises’ production, purchasing, and sales departments significantly enhances FP. To address potential endogeneity concerns, robustness checks were conducted using propensity score matching (PSM), the Heckman two-stage model, and the two-stage least squares (2SLS) method. Mechanism analysis reveals that DT improves FP through three primary channels: reducing sales expenses, easing cost stickiness, and promoting breakthrough innovation. However, the positive effects of DT exhibit heterogeneity. These effects are more pronounced in non-state-owned enterprises, larger firms, and enterprises located in major grain-producing regions.ConclusionThis study validates the necessity for enterprises to use digital technology to improve financial performance in the digital age. By expanding the measurement methods for DT, the research provides valuable insights for enterprises seeking to leverage digital tools to optimize agricultural production efficiency.

ОСНОВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ УРОВНЯ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЗРЕЛОСТИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА

Modern agro-industrial enterprises are actively implementing digital technologies into their operations. However, they differ in size, scope of activity, available resources, and digital skills of employees, so each of these enterprises is differently prepared for digital transformations. The sixth technological order involves the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies, the Internet of things and biotechnologies. However, agricultural specifics create certain limitations when implementing these technologies. These include weak IT infrastructure, lack of specialized devices, shortage of qualified personnel, and insufficient state support. The digital maturity of agricultural enterprises also depends on their innovation activity. According to the authors’ research, by 2023, the share of organizations implementing technological, organizational, and marketing innovations in the livestock industry was 8.8% of the total number of organizations implementing such innovations, followed by mixed agriculture at 7.2%, and crop production with 5.4%. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the development and application of an indicative DMPSTC-analysis model covering six key elements: data usage, process management, product management, application of end-to-end technologies, digital competencies of employees, and organizational culture. The results showed that the highest level of digital maturity is demonstrated by enterprises engaged in agricultural machinery production – 4.87 points, while agricultural enterprises specializing in crop production have a digital maturity level of 4.38 points, and livestock production enterprises have the lowest digital maturity value. The main limiting factors are the lack of qualified personnel, high modernization costs, and significant deficiency of telecommunication infrastructure elements in rural areas. The authors emphasize the need for state support, investment in the development of digital competencies, and modernization of the technological base of the agro-industrial complex.

THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL INNOVATIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS

The purpose of this article is to study the impact of digitalization on the innovative development of agricultural enterprises, identify key technologies that increase efficiency and competitiveness, analyze the global experience of implementing digital solutions, and develop practical recommendations for using digital technologies as a driver of innovative growth in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. Methodology. In order to achieve the research objective and accomplish the defined tasks, a comprehensive approach has been employed, incorporating the following methods: analysis, synthesis, systematisation and classification, induction and deduction, and others. The findings of the study suggest that the integration of digital technologies has the potential to optimise production processes, enhance labour productivity, and reduce costs. Specifically, technologies such as precision farming, drone usage for field monitoring, automated irrigation systems, and robotic harvesting have been shown to significantly enhance operational efficiency. The analysis indicates that the adoption of digital solutions enables agricultural enterprises to achieve cost reductions of 10-20%, increase crop yields by 15-25% through enhanced resource management, and reduce post-harvest storage losses by 5-10%. The primary obstacles hindering the integration of digital innovations encompass the substantial expense associated with adopting sophisticated technologies, inadequate digital literacy among personnel, the absence of adequate infrastructure in rural regions, and constrained access to financial resources. The study's results are presented in the form of tables, figures, graphs, diagrams, and charts. Practical implications. The implementation of digital technologies enables agricultural enterprise managers to obtain precise, real-time data on production conditions. Consequently, this facilitates informed decision-making processes, leads to a reduction in production costs, and optimises resource utilisation. Value/Оriginality. Digitalisation has been demonstrated to enhance the resilience of enterprises to market challenges, thereby facilitating improvements in productivity and revenue generation. The digitalisation of the agricultural sector has the potential to generate new investment and grant opportunities. The present study contributes to the development of digital literacy and the enhancement of professional qualifications among workers in the agricultural sector. The use of digital innovations improves the stability and efficiency of production, which is crucial for ensuring the supply of quality products to the population. Digitalisation also creates new employment opportunities in rural areas, helping to reduce labour migration. Digital solutions also help to minimise environmental damage. Digitalisation of the agricultural sector is a key component of Ukraine's sustainable economic development strategy.

ПРАВОВОЙ СТАТУС РУКОВОДИТЕЛЕЙ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ НАРОДНОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА СССР В ГОДЫ ВЕЛИКОЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ВОЙНЫ 1941-1945 ГГ.

Introduction: the article examines the features of rights and freedoms, social guarantees and compensation, restrictions, duties and responsibilities established by Soviet legislation in relation to the heads of enterprises of the national economy of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Materials and Methods: the research materials were the normative legal acts of the Soviet legislation of the war period regulating the legal status of managerial personnel of industrial and agricultural enterprises. The expansion of the duties and responsibilities of managers in wartime conditions is confirmed by the materials of the periodical press and memoir literature. The research is based on a systematic and historical method, formal logic, and an analysis of regulatory legal acts. Results: the article analyzes the evolution of the content of the main elements that make up the legal status of the heads of enterprises of the national economy of the Soviet Union, assesses the proportionality of the tasks and potential capabilities of management personnel. Discussion and Conclusions: the imposition of additional duties and powers on the heads of Soviet enterprises during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 contributed to maintaining the necessary level of productive forces of the Soviet economy, which had a pronounced mobilization character.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ПОДХОДА ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ «СВЕРХУ – ВНИЗ» В СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯХ

The decision to apply top-down planning is made by the management and in the process of this planning, target indicators are determined – benchmarks for the future growth and development of an agricultural enterprise. This article discusses the possibility of using indicative planning elements (indicators-benchmarks) at a specific agricultural enterprise as a basis for the beginning of the processes of forming a plan and business tasks with calculated production, economic, financial and other indicators, for future control over the execution of the plan. The purpose of the study is to study the basics of the formation of indicative indicators in the planning process in the working conditions of a particular enterprise

Проблемы и перспективы развития агротуризма в России и Ярославской области

The relevance of the article is due to the development and active dissemination of a new promising direction of tourist services - agrotourism. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of the agrotourism industry in Russia and the Yaroslavl region, identify problems and develop recommendations for its development. In the theoretical part of the article, the analysis of definitions of the concept of "agritourism" is carried out and proposals for their clarification are made. It is concluded that agrotourism is a complex service that includes a large number of different business activities. It is shown that the positive economic effect from the development of agrotourism is received by four main groups of stakeholders: agricultural producers, consumers of agrotourism services, the state and rural residents. Moreover, this effect is significantly enhanced at the macroeconomic level due to the synergistic effect in related industries. The methods used are marketing research of consumers and a situational analysis of the state of agrotourism in the Yaroslavl region. The results of the study of the characteristics and features of consumer demand for agrotourism services throughout Russia are presented. To assess the prospects and opportunities for the development of agritourism in the Yaroslavl region, a SWOT and PEST analysis was conducted. Based on the results of the analysis, the main problems hindering the development of agritourism were identified, both in Russia as a whole and in the Yaroslavl region in particular. Proposals for solving these problems were developed by government agencies and by agricultural enterprises themselves.

RATING ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY OF SUBSIDIZING AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

During the period of foreign economic restrictions, the issues of adjusting scientific approaches on which the criteria for state monetary support for agribusiness are based are an urgent scientific problem. Due to the prohibitively high key rate for agribusiness, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in 2025. suggests a decrease in the availability of soft loans for farmers. The idea is being substantiated that direct budget financing in the form of subsidies will remain the main form of financial support for agricultural producers in the coming years. A number of serious problems have been identified in the implementation of subsidy mechanisms required for an early solution. The authors believe that it is necessary to put the economic efficiency of subsidies in the first place, and not the dynamics of agricultural production in physical terms. Particular attention is paid to the development of a conceptual model for managing agribusiness subsidies. The model is based on the correspondence of control objects with target priorities: financial results, profitability of sales, investment activity, including innovation, labor productivity, remuneration of employees, tax burden and budgetary efficiency of subsidies. During the study, a number of original financial and economic indicators were developed to assess the effectiveness of subsidies. The model was tested on the example of the activities of Voskhod JSC (Udmurt Republic) for the period from 2019-2023. The result of econometric studies was the methodology for calculating the integral coefficient of subsidy efficiency. Based on the taxonometric approach, different-sized indicators are reduced to an integral form and the dynamics of the integral coefficient of subsidy efficiency of Voskhod JSC for 2019-2023 is compiled. In conclusion, the authors conclude that it is necessary to further develop scientific approaches to assess the effectiveness of state support for agricultural enterprises.

INNOVATIVE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES: METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS

Agricultural enterprises play a crucial role in ensuring food security and economic stability. However, theseenterprises often face challenges such as fluctuating market prices, climate change, and limited access to financialresources. To address these issues, innovative management strategies supported by state mechanisms are essential. Thisarticle explores methodological approaches to state support for agricultural enterprises through innovative managementstrategies, emphasizing policy frameworks, financial incentives, and technological advancements.

Russian Pioneers of Virgin Lands from China: Re-Emigrants in Eastern Siberia in 1954–1955

The article is devoted to the problems of the history of the resettlement of the Russian-speaking population of North-Eastern China to the regions of Eastern Siberia for the development of virgin and fallow lands. In 1954–1955, the leadership of the USSR organized the repatriation of the Russian-speaking population from the People's Republic ofChina to their historical homeland. The repatriation was formalized in the form of resettlement for the development ofvirgin and fallow lands, Russian re-emigrants arrived in the regions of Russia and Kazakhstan as virgin land settlers. The easternmost regions of the Soviet Union where the re-emigrants were settled were the Irkutsk Region and the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The study was conducted based on office documents stored in the regional archives of Eastern Siberia, as well as personal sources and the recollections of the re-emigrants themselves. The mass and voluntary relocation of Russians from the PRC to the USSR began after the adoption of the resolution of the CPSU Central Committee in 1954 "On the further increase in grain production in the country and on the development of virgin and fallow lands", but this issue was resolved at the level of Soviet-Chinese relations back in 1953. The settlers from the PRC made up only a few percent of the total number of virgin land settlers, and a significant part of them already in 1954–1955 left agricultural enterprises, practically not taking part in the development of virgin and fallow lands. The problems of preparing the repatriation of theRussian-speaking population to the USSR, as well as their actual participation in the development of virgin and fallow lands, indicate that resettlement to develop virgin lands was a form of repatriation, with a concomitant solution to the problems of developing virgin and fallow lands. The resettlement of re-emigrants from China became an important factor in the development of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Irkutsk Region, not only in terms of developing virgin and fallow lands in these regions. Resettlement to develop virgin lands turned out to be the optimal repatriation of Russians from China totheir historical homeland in form and content.

ENERGY-EFFICIENT LOW-TEMPERATURE UNIT OF CONDENSATION TYPE FOR DRYING SEED GRAIN

There is a problem with high energy costs for the process, which is associated with low-temperature drying of seed materials and the imperfection of existing drying equipment. The analysis of drying methods revealed, that the main method of drying is convective, which is too energy-consuming. Grain drying occurs at high temperatures (up to 80–100 °C). And for seed grain, the drying temperature should not exceed 50 °C to maintain high germination of the material. Heat pump dryers provide this temperature with low energy consumption. Increasing the energy efficiency of the process is achieved by increasing the intensity of drying and reducing the moisture content of the heat carrier during seed drying. Based on the presented tasks for improving the operation of the dryer, an installation with an installed heat generator on a heat pump was developed, which allows using the condensation method of drying. The presented research solves the actual task of saving energy and quality properties of the material using the example of drying rapeseed for agricultural enterprises. As a result of the research, when comparing a drying plant with a heat pump and a drying plant with electric heating by electric heaters, the quality of rapeseed improved by 3 %, the specific heat consumption decreased by 3.3 times, the intensity of the process increased by 13 %, the efficiency of the drying plant with heat pump increased to 58.4 %. Bibl. 20, Fig. 7, Tab. 2.

КОРПОРАТИВНА КУЛЬТУРА ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ АГРАРНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В УМОВАХ ЄВРОІНТЕГРАЦІЇ

The article is intended to study the issues of corporate culture as a tool for the transformation of agricultural enterprises in the context of European integration. The purpose of the study is to consider corporate culture as a tool for the transformation of agricultural business, analyze key European approaches and propose a strategy for their implementation in Ukrainian agricultural enterprises. The research methods are theoretical analysis and generalization: analysis of concepts of corporate culture and its impact on the efficiency of enterprise management; comparative analysis: identification of key features of corporate culture transformation in the context of European integration; SWOT analysis: identification of strengths and weaknesses of corporate culture of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises. The main approaches that determine the role of corporate culture in the development of agricultural enterprises: traditional, innovative and adaptive models. Corporate culture is not only an internal regulator of employee behavior, but also a strategic tool for managing the development of agricultural enterprises. Comparative analysis shows that the corporate culture of European agribusinesses is more adaptive, socially responsible and focused on long-term development. It is based on flexible management models, staff involvement, technological innovation and environmental responsibility. SWOT-analysis demonstrates that the development of corporate culture is a strategic task that requires a comprehensive approach and integration of modern management practices. Ukrainian agricultural enterprises that can effectively adapt corporate culture to European standards will gain significant competitive advantages, which will contribute to their sustainable development. Recommendations have been developed for Ukrainian agribusinesses that seek to effectively adapt corporate culture to European standards: implementation of democratic and adaptive management models, creation of a system of personnel engagement and motivation, integration of European ESG standards into corporate culture, strengthening the digitalization of personnel management and business processes, expansion of international partnerships and certification according to European standards. The implementation of these recommendations will contribute to the prospect of further scientific developments in this direction.

The Approach of Managers to the Internal Control System in Contemporary Agricultural Enterprises in Slovakia

Nowadays, we consider it necessary that the accounting entities are built of high quality, stable, and should be equipped with an internal control system. We consider it important that they base their decisions on their own and up-to-date information and that there is feedback afterwards. In the work, we also focused on the preference for improving the internal control system in selected accounting entities. Preferences were analyzed based on a questionnaire survey of managers and executives in selected accounting entities. The database contains information on 46 respondents from the ranks of managers, financial directors, accountants and other responsible employees for the performance of control from the questionnaire survey. We decided to use the binary logit model in order to estimate the inclination of individual preferences in favor of the need to improve the internal control system. On the basis of which we came up with interesting findings from the point of view of management and executives in selected agricultural enterprises. With our findings from the analysis of managers' preferences, we can state that the decisive factors that contribute to the willingness to improve the internal control system are the automation of control processes. We found that managers who make a decision based on a thorough analysis of the problem contribute to the willingness to improve the internal control system. Managers' satisfaction with financial evaluation was also a decisive factor, and therefore those employees who were satisfied with their financial evaluation were also more willing to improve the internal control system. At the same time, it should be noted that the absence of current scenarios in which activities are developed, along with the need to adequately address constant changes and changes in market requirements, brings a significant change in business management.

HR policy in rural areas: current status, effective solutions

The decline in the share of agriculture in employment structure in recent years indicates the need to revise approaches to labor force management, level of qualification of which is one of the key problems of agricultural enterprises, affecting competitiveness of the industry. To be in demand and successfully compete in labor market, it is necessary to master professional competencies and skills, develop communication skills, ability to work in team, and creative thinking. The goal is to provide comprehensive assessment of labor potential in the agricultural sector of the republic in order to resolve issues related to personnel in agricultural production. Methods - statistical, systemic for studying employment trends in agro-industrial complex. Results - the current state of economically active rural population of Kazakhstan was studied, the main tasks related to personnel provision for agro-industrial complex were analyzed, recommendations for effective personnel management were developed. Particular attention is paid to the influence of level of wages, social conditions and motivation of graduates of agricultural universities on the attraction and retention of specialists in rural areas. The factors of growth of effectiveness of personnel reserves in the activities of agricultural formations are identified. The priorities of economic policy to increase labor productivity are determined. Conclusions - the objective dynamics of optimization of incomes of rural residents in terms of their purchasing power is achievable only under the condition of increasing the amount of wages, which will take into account the real capabilities of workers in rural areas in meeting the necessary needs. Important role is given to the innovative program "With Diploma to the village", aimed at providing social support measures in form of lifting allowance and budget loan for the purchase or construction of housing for specialists in social sphere, agriculture, etc.

Structural Changes to China’s Agricultural Business Entities System Under the Perspective of Competitive Evolution

With the development of new agricultural business entities in China, a complex competitive evolutionary dynamic has emerged among diversified agricultural business entities (abbreviated as ABEs), including farmers (traditional ABEs), cooperatives, agricultural enterprises, and family farms (new ABEs). Based on the Lotka–Volterra model, the dominance index, the Shannon–Wiener index of ecological theories, and the geo-detector, this study examines the spatiotemporal evolution and driving factors of ABEs’ structural changes across 286 Chinese cities from 2012 to 2021. Key findings include: (1) Farmers maintain absolute numerical dominance, but their relative advantage has declined. (2) The Shannon–Wiener index of diversified ABEs has increased significantly, indicating that differences between ABEs decreased, which means a trend toward structural homogenization. High Shannon–Wiener index values were observed in the Northeast Plain, Xinjiang, Hebei, Gansu, and Shanxi, while low values were concentrated in Yunnan, Guizhou, and the Guangdong-Guangxi region. Both areas experienced a shrinking trend. (3) Agricultural production factors such as multiple cropping indexes and theindustrial structure strongly explained the structural changes to ABEs, while the explanatory power of socio-economic factors can be enhanced after the interaction with agricultural production factors. (4) The relationship between farmers and new ABEs has shifted from a symbiotic relationship favoring farmers to a symbiotic relationship favoring new ABEs, with a significant spatial heterogenous layout among 286 cities. This study proposes a three-stage differentiation framework for ABEs: a simple structure dominated by traditional farmers, a competitive evolutionary dynamic among diversified ABEs, and a modernized structure led by new agricultural business entities. Based on these stages, this paper provides targeted recommendations for building a high-quality ABE system and advancing agricultural modernization.

Modern trends and development directions of soil tillage systems in the world and Ukraine

The development of soil tillage systems is one of the key factors determining the efficiency of agricultural production, its sustainability, and environmental safety. Over the past decades, global trends in the agricultural sector have increasingly focused on implementing innovative tillage methods aimed at reducing mechanical impact, preserving natural fertility, and optimizing the use of energy and material resources. In particular, these include minimal tillage, no-till, and strip-till technologies, which can mitigate erosion, enhance moisture conservation, and boost soil microbiological activity. In countries with arid climates and degraded soils, these methods are essential for maintaining sustainable agriculture. In Ukraine, soil tillage systems are undergoing significant transformations under the influence of climate change, economic factors, and the need to enhance the efficiency of agricultural production. The growing moisture deficit, soil depletion, and the necessity to reduce fuel and lubricant costs are driving agricultural enterprises to actively implement minimal tillage, use combined implements, and adopt wide-span machinery. Direct seeding and precision farming technologies are also becoming promising tools for optimizing agronomic practices. However, the effectiveness of these methods depends on natural and climatic conditions, soil type, and the level of agronomic support, requiring further scientific research and technological adaptations to regional specifics. This article analyzes current global and Ukrainian trends in the development of soil tillage systems, their effects on the physical and chemical properties of soils, the productivity of agricultural crops, and the economic feasibility of implementing advanced technologies. Special attention is given to assessing the environmental consequences of different tillage systems, particularly their effects on soil humus content, water balance, weed infestation levels, and the phytosanitary status in agricultural ecosystem. The study also explores the prospects for using adapted tillage technologies in the context of climate change and economic instability, which are crucial factors for ensuring the sustainable development of Ukraine’s agricultural sector.

Structural Characteristics of Small Ruminant Production in Muş, Türkiye: A Model for Organic Livestock on the Basis of Sustainability

Small ruminant farming enterprises in eastern Türkiye have the potential to establish a sustainable model for organic livestock production but face structural challenges. This study aimed to develop an organic livestock model based on sustainability by examining the socio-demographic characteristics, management practices, and perceptions regarding animal health and the welfare of small ruminant farmers in the eastern province of Muş, Türkiye. A face-to-face survey was conducted with 364 randomly selected farmers, assessing parameters such as animal genotype, pasture conditions, forage cultivation, chemical fertilizer and pesticide use, nutrition, reproduction, health services, and shelter conditions. Results showed that small ruminants in Muş were well adapted to local conditions and were disease-resistant. They were fed with forage grown without chemicals and had unlimited outdoor and pasture access. The production process avoided hormones, antibiotics, and growth promoters, with reproduction occurring through natural mating. Challenges included inadequate pasture productivity, insufficient animal welfare conditions, low record-keeping rates, lack of effective organization, and insufficient awareness of organic practices among farmers. Notably, 81.9% of farmers described their pasture quality as moderate or poor, while 63.2% stated that they had no knowledge of organic practices. In conclusion, the Muş model offered concepts that could aid the transition to organic livestock farming and support sustainable extensive small ruminant farming globally. Farmers should be educated, informed, and organized, with support throughout the supply and marketing processes.

КОНЦЕПЦІЙНІ ПОЛОЖЕННЯ ФОРМУВАННЯ МЕХАНІЗМУ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The article updates and analyzes the issues of managing the economic security of enterprises whose main economic activity is agriculture. The purpose of the study is to generalize the conceptual provisions of the formation of a mechanism for ensuring the economic security of agricultural enterprises. It is shown that the analysis of the economic security of agricultural enterprises begins with a thorough study of external and internal threats. The relevance of applying a systemic approach when ensuring the economic security of agricultural enterprises is indicated. It is argued that such an approach requires the identification of a system of elements of the mechanism for ensuring the thermal security of agricultural enterprises. It is shown that in the context of the development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine, the decisive factor for success is the flexibility and adaptability of management strategies used by agricultural enterprises. It has been proven that as agricultural enterprises face the constant need to adapt to changing economic and environmental conditions, their survival and development depend on the ability to innovate and effectively manage available resources. This includes not only technological innovations, but also social and organizational transformations that can strengthen interpersonal relationships and increase overall productivity and profitability. It is proven that the practical testing of the policy of ensuring the economic security of an agricultural enterprise involves the formation and implementation of an appropriate management mechanism as a complex system of interconnected elements and specific measures to achieve specific goals. The implementation of the mechanism requires the identification of its elements, subjects and objects, methods, tasks, technologies, organizational processes and regulations, etc. Such a mechanism is an integrated system of management actions for the development and implementation of strategic and tactical measures, ensuring the stability of the enterprise in a changing external environment.

Применение ГИС-технологий при управлении земельными ресурсами хозяйства

The creation of a land assessment framework for precise farming systems is practically impossible without GIS technologies. Currently, geoinformation systems (GIS) are a necessary component in the integrated management system of the economy. Objective information about the size and condition of agricultural land is needed to solve the problems. A large amount of spatial and attribute information can be qualitatively processed and analyzed only with the help of special software that takes into account both spatial coupling and special information about fields. The relevance of the research lies in the need to modernize the agricultural land accounting system due to the increasing importance of the use of information and geoinformation technologies in monitoring agricultural land in modern agricultural enterprises.

The economic effectiveness of robotic milking of cows

One of the most promising and economic effective areas of cow milking is robotization, which opens up new opportunities for the development of high-yield dairy farming in farms of different forms of ownership and makes this type of business attractive for investment. Active use of modern milk production technologies contributes not only to increasing the competitiveness of agricultural products, but also to their successful implementation. The purpose of the researches was to analyze the economic eff ectiveness of implementing robotic milking of cows. The data on the analysis of the economic eff ectiveness of using milking robots for milking cows in the Kaluga region have been presented in the article. Researches on the economic eff ectiveness of robotic milking have been carried out at a large agricultural enterprise and peasant (farm) farms in order to study the eff ectiveness of the impact of milking robots from DeLaval and Lely on the functional state of cows’ udders, their milk productivity, milk quality, and labour costs for production. The analysis of economic eff ectiveness has shown that milking cows on the robotic installation can reduce the prime-cost of production of 1 kg of milk by 1.52 rubles or 10 % compared to milking cows on the milking installation "Tandem", automate milking operations and reduce the volume of manual labour on the farm by 40 % or more, increase the profi tability of production by 15 % by increasing the productivity of cows and reducing the prim-cost of milk from 10 to 20 %.