Agricultural Development Planning Research Articles

A Review on Development Water-Saving Agriculture in Asia

The development of water-saving agriculture is of great significance not only for increasing farmers’ production and income, but also for protecting water resources. The purpose of this paper is to learn from the experience of Israel, Japan, Korea and Singapore, improve the low efficiency of agricultural water use in China, and solve the problem of water shortage, promote the development of agriculture. This article concludes that the experience of water-saving agriculture in Israel is advanced irrigation technology, sound laws and regulations, and emphasis on science and technology. Japan’s water-saving agriculture is characterized by an efficient irrigation program and a strict agricultural water management policy. Korea’s experience in water-saving agriculture is that it has a strict water management system, with the government subsidizing the cost of irrigation projects and integrating water into agricultural development planning. Singapore’s experience in water-saving agriculture is to raise awareness of water conservation and to use step water prices. In order to promote the sustainable development of water-saving agriculture in China, the research on water-saving agriculture in the future can be carried out from the aspects of agricultural production or related agricultural technology.

УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ СИСТЕМИ ДЕРЖАВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЯК СКЛАДОВОЇ ЧАСТИНИ ІНСТИТУЦІЙНОГО МЕХАНІЗМУ РОЗВИТКУ АГРАРНОГО СЕКТОРУ

The article highlights the role of the state as an element of the institutional mechanism in increasing the multiplicative effect of agricultural development. The tasks of the state agrarian policy aimed at achieving certain strategic goals have been identified. The directions of functioning of the institutional mechanism of agricultural sector development are outlined: improvement of normative-legal provision and system of state planning of agricultural sector development, formation of effective mechanism of state support of agricultural producers, improvement of structure of state regulation institution, overcoming institutional traps of state regulation of agrarian sector. The signs of the mechanism of state support for the development of agricultural production in Ukraine, which is represented by a set of organizational and functional institutions, are given. The main instruments of state support of agricultural production are highlighted: measures for preferential and priority lending for investment projects; preferential insurance of crops of certain agricultural crops; distribution of budget funds in different directions. The state subsidizes interest rates on loans to agricultural production entities, the formation of regional and state food funds, leasing, etc. The importance of approximation of the legislation of Ukraine to the regulations in force in the EU in the field of technical regulation of the lists of national standards, which are identical to the harmonized European standards, is determined. The main problems in the domestic agricultural sector are outlined. It is noted that the formation and implementation of state support mechanisms should ensure the development of peasant farms, financing of production and social infrastructure, soft loans and insurance of agricultural activities, streamlining the tax system. It is important to achieve optimal interaction between the use of market relations and rational state intervention in agriculture. The main components of the institutional mechanism of state support of the agricultural sector in modern conditions are offered.

Mapping agricultural plastic greenhouses using Google Earth images and deep learning

The worldwide use of agricultural plastic greenhouses (APGs) is crucial to provide sufficient food, including vegetables and fruits, for residents. However, the pollution problem created by plastic materials has also aroused widespread concern. Therefore, it is important to obtain the spatial distribution of APGs via different approaches, especially using remote sensing images. In this study, a deep learning method is adopted to map the distribution of APGs in Shouguang, Shandong Province, China, with high-resolution Google Earth images. The results suggest that the distribution of greenhouses can be accurately extracted with a mean intersection over union (mIOU) of 97.20%. The total area covered by APGs is 185.37 km2, and the total number of APGs is approximately 170,807. Both densely and sparsely distributed APGs can be extracted effectively. This research shows that the deep learning method can extract greenhouse information quickly and effectively from high-resolution images and can be used in agricultural pollution monitoring and agricultural development planning.

Impacts of Agricultural Land Acquisition for Urbanization on Agricultural Activities of Affected Households: A Case Study in Huong Thuy Town, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam

Agricultural land acquisition for urbanization (ALAFU) has strongly impacted agriculture in Vietnam during the last decades. Given the mixed data obtained from a survey (with 50 households who lost 50% of their farmland area), in-depth interviews, a group-focused discussion and observation, this study shows the different impacts of ALAFU on each agricultural activity of affected household by comparing before and after ALAFU. Rice cultivation and animal breeding have sharply declined, but potted flower plantation (PFP) has quickly grown and is the main income of 34% of surveyed households. Rice cultivation has declined not only as a result of agricultural land acquisition, which has resulted in the loss of rice land, but also as a result of urbanization, which has resulted in rice land abandonment. Conversely, PFP is growing due to advantages associated with urbanization, such as a good consumer market and upgraded infrastructure. However, whether they are declining or increasing, all agricultural activities have to face challenges related to the shortcomings in agricultural land allocation and agricultural development plans. This study suggests that if ALAFU projects are continued, the government should evaluate agricultural development and forecast farmland abandonment after ALAFU. Simultaneously, they should put more effort into maintaining agriculture in the form of peri-urban or urban agriculture, which is significant for sustainable development in affected communities.

Fusión de imágenes satelitales usando la transformada de Brovey y enriquecimiento espectral sobre computación heterogénea CPU/GPU

Satellite image fusion provides a context for potential applications in several fields such as agricultural development, hydrology, environmental studies, and natural disaster actions plans. However, when dealing with large-size images, the time required for the fusion process grows significantly. To reduce processing delays, the present study proposes the use of the Brovey transform as an image-fusion technique together with a spectral richness calibration stage. The proposal makes use of a CPU/GPU heterogeneous computing architecture based on mass parallel processing, conducted with CUDA. The fusion process of a 8192-pixel image evinced a speed-up of 532X. Regarding the quality of the resulting image, a per-band average correlation coefficient of 0.9714 (spatial detail) was obtained when comparing the fused and panchromatic images in an (R,G,B) color space.

Increasing rice production: a proposed strategy during and after Covid-19 pandemic

The covid-19 pandemic has many impacts on human live. One of them is a disruption of food supply and distribution from the centre production to intermediate and end users. Whereas the assurance of sufficient rice as a staple food at household, local, regional and national levels, is very crucial. One of strategies to increase national rice production in the current situation is trough intensification. This study was conducted based on National Statistical Bureau’s data of production and rice planting in year 2000. Data were analyzed statistically and classified all production areas (administrative basis) into high or low category. The analysis showed that there were six provinces in category high productivity including Jakarta; with Bali as the highest productivity of 60.78 kw/ha. Meanwhile 28 other provinces in low productivity with Babel as the lowest of 28.56 kw/ha. Furthermore, there were 239 districts in category of low production and 210 in high production. Accordingly, the intensification should focus on the low cluster production areas. Adjustment of government budget as a stimulus for rice production during and after covid-19 should reoriented as a special treatment and does not depend on National Deliberation of Agricultural Development Plan (Musrenbang).

A strategic agricultural planning and food support process

Subject. The article addresses the issues of synchronizing the strategic planning of agricultural development and harmonizing its documentation system with the national food security objectives. Objectives. The aim is to run diagnostics of strategic planning and its food security documentary system. Methods. The study employs methods of generalization of scientific works and systematization of expert assessments therein, critical analysis of strategic documents on agriculture and food security, abstract-logical method for building a model of strategic process. Results. The paper presents the results of strategic planning process and its documentary system in the field of food security, conclusions on the need to strengthen harmonization between the main strategic planning documents, key objectives and criteria for achieving them, planned results and resources, benchmarks and performance indicators to ensure physical and economic accessibility of products. I offer a fundamentally different conceptual model of the strategic planning process. It is supported by a system of interconnected documents. This model is based on production projects and quotas linking the production and consumption at the level of rational nutritional standards. Conclusions. The proposed model enables to logically incorporate the objectives set in the field of food security into the system of strategic planning documents. The findings may be useful for agro-industrial complex authorities to coordinate decisions on agricultural development and food security as a complex problem.

Selecting low-carbon technologies and measures for high agricultural carbon productivity in Taihu Lake Basin, China.

In this paper, Delphi method was used to evaluate the low-carbon technologies and measures for high agricultural carbon productivity in Taihu Lake Basin. We established the selecting process and standards and obtained the final list of low-carbon technologies and management measures of high agricultural carbon productivity in Taihu Lake Basin: (1) the initial list of low-carbon technologies and measures of planting industry included 19 items, of which 10 items were included in the final list. The 10 technologies and measures included in the final list were reducing fertilizers, mixed use of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, soil testing and formulated fertilization, application of controlled release fertilizer, deep application of fertilizers, cultivation of new variety, extension of conservation tillage, extension of midseason/alternate drainage, paddy-upland rotation (rice-rape/rice-wheat), and reducing pesticides. (2) The initial list of low-carbon technologies and measures of animal husbandry included 11 items, of which 4 items were included in the final list. The 4 technologies and measures included in the final list were reasonable ratio of concentrate to roughage in ration, treatment straw feed by silage/ammoniation/shredding, application of nutritive cube/dietary additives, and promotion of high productivity livestock breeds. (3) Low-carbon agricultural technologies and management measures need to be adapted to local conditions according to different geographical, climatic, and socio-economic development characteristics, and it is necessary to form a regionally differentiated system of low-carbon agricultural technologies and management measures. The final list of low-carbon technologies and management measures of high agricultural carbon productivity can provide decision-making reference for the formulation of agricultural carbon emission reduction technology system and low-carbon agricultural development planning of provinces and cities in Taihu Lake Basin. At the same time, the final list can be considered a priority for the promotion of agricultural low-carbon technologies and measures in China and even in the world.

Transforming Food Systems in Africa under Climate Change Pressure: Role of Climate-Smart Agriculture

Low-income producers and consumers of food in Africa are more vulnerable to climate change, owing to their comparatively limited ability to invest in more adapted institutions and technologies under increasing climatic risks. Therefore, the way we manage our food systems needs to be urgently changed if the goal is to achieve food security and sustainable development more quickly. This review paper analyzes the nexus “climate-smart agriculture-food systems-sustainable development” in order to draw sound ways that could allow rapid transformation of food systems in the context of climate change pressure. We followed an integrative review approach based on selected concrete example-experiences from ground-implemented projects across Africa (Ghana, Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, in West Africa, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, and Tanzania in East Africa). Mostly composed of examples from the Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security (CCAFS) Research Program of the CGIAR (former Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research) and its partners, these also included ground initiatives from non-CGIAR that could provide demonstrable conditions for a transformative agriculture and food systems. The lessons learnt from the ground implementation of climate-smart agriculture (CSA), in the African context, were instrumental to informing the actions areas of the food-system transformation framework suggested in this paper (reroute, de-risk, reduce, and realign). Selected CSA example-cases to inform these action areas included 24 initiatives across Africa, but with a focus on the following studies for an in-depth analysis: (1) the climate-smart village approach to generate knowledge on climate-smart agriculture (CSA) technologies and practices for their scaling, (2) the use of climate information services (CIS) to better manage climate variability and extremes, and (3) the science–policy interfacing to mainstream CSA into agricultural development policies and plans. The analysis of these examples showed that CSA can contribute driving a rapid change of food systems in Africa through: (1) the implementation of relevant climate-smart technologies and practices to reroute farming and rural livelihoods to new climate-resilient and low-emission trajectories; (2) the development and application of weather and climate information services (WCIS) that support de-risking of livelihoods, farms, and value chains in the face of increasing vagaries of weather and extreme events; (3) the use of climate-smart options that minimize waste of all the natural resources used for growing, processing, packaging, transporting, and marketing food, and therefore mitigating the carbon footprint attached to this food loss and waste; and (4) the realignment of policies and finance that facilitate action in the four proposed action areas through the identification of news ways to mobilize sustainable finance and create innovative financial mechanisms and delivery channels.

Analysis of profitability and operational efficiencies of fresh tomato marketing: empirical evidence from Oyo State Nigeria

Although marketing is considered a very important aspect of agricultural production, it has been a neglected aspect of agricultural development plans and this has led to a situation where marketers of fresh tomatoes are not able to track their level of profitability and which invariably makes it difficult to attract prospective investor to the business. This study examines empirically profitability and operational efficiencies of fresh tomato marketing in South Western Nigeria. The study employed primary data using structured questionnaires to collect information from 100 randomly selected fresh tomato marketers in the study area. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics; gross margin and marketing efficiency analytical techniques. The result of the analysis revealed that for every ₦100 invested in fresh tomato trading in the study area, wholesalers, retailers and wholesalers/retailerrealized profit of ₦28.00, ₦18.00 and ₦ 258.00 respectively while the average operational efficiencies of wholesalers, retailers and wholesalers/retailer are 60.85%, 74.00% and 80.50% respectively. These positive and size of profits obtained for each fresh tomato marketing institutions is an indication that these institutions were able to recover their operating expenses; hence, marketing fresh tomato in the study area isprofitable and efficient.

Land suitability for agricultural development in Jayapura Regency, Papua

Agricultural development planning requires site-specific land resource data to assess the crop-land suitability. This study aimed to assess land suitability for agricultural development in Jayapura Regency, Papua. This research was conducted to make land resources inventory and evaluation for agricultural development in 1,324,422 ha in 2015. This research used tabular and spatial analyses to evaluate crop-land suitability. Satellite imageries-based land resources data were spatially overlaid to generate land units (polygons) as bases for crop-land suitability assessment. Results showed that there are about 656,826 ha suitable for agricultural development. Land suitability evaluation for food crops showed 271,278 ha suitable for lowland paddy, 402,146 ha for maize, and 329,966 ha for soybean. Furthermore, land evaluation for perennial crops showed 656,826 ha suitable for cacao and 514,410 ha for oil palm. This land evaluation could be considered as a valuable information for agricultural development planning in Papua to support sustainable production.

Spatio-temporal characterization of rainfall in Bangladesh: an innovative trend and discrete wavelet transformation approaches

The analysis of detailed characteristics of rainfall is of utmost importance for understanding water resources, irrigation, and agriculture. This study investigated detailed characteristics of rainfall of Bangladesh from 1966 to 2019. Rainfall features like the precipitation concentration index (PCI) and seasonality index (SI) were estimated to characterize spatial patterns of rainfall regimes, and innovative trend analysis (ITA) and percent bias (PBIAS) were used to detect the trend, and its reliability was tested by using the Mann–Kendall (MK) or modified Mann–Kendall (mMK) test. The magnitude of changes was computed by using Sen’s slope estimator (Q), and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) was employed to find out the dominant periodicity of the trend of annual series. SI and PCI revealed that rainfall is mainly seasonal and markedly with the long dry season, and the distribution of rainfall is irregular for the major portion of Bangladesh. The result of ITA and PBIAS showed a similar trend for all the stations and time scales. ITA showed that 23 stations experienced significant (α = < 0.05) increasing (39.13%) and decreasing (39.13%) trends in annual rainfall. For the seasonal scale, post-monsoon rainfall is dominated by significant increasing trend (60.87%), whereas winter rainfall is dominated by significant decreasing trend (65.28%); besides, both decreasing and increasing trends were found in pre-monsoon and monsoon in Bangladesh. The analysis of DWT confirmed that 4- to 16-year periodic cycle was the dominant component for annual rainfall. The results of detailed analysis of rainfall will be helpful for policymakers and scientists to focus on regional-scale planning about flood and drought situation of the country that will be ultimately helpful for agricultural development and environmental planning.

Crop model ideotyping for agricultural diversification

Evidence based crop diversification requires modelling for crops that are currently neglected or underutilised. Crop model calibration is a lengthy and resource consuming effort that is typically done for a particular variety or a set of varieties of a crop. Whilst calibration data are widely available for major crops, such data are rarely available for underutilised crops due to limited funding for detailed field data collection and model calibration. Subsequently, the lack of evidence on their performance will lead to the lack of interest from the policy and regulatory communities to include these crops in the agricultural development plans. In order to motivate further research into the use of state of the art techniques in modelling for less known crops, we have developed and validated an ideotyping technique that approximates the crop modelling parameters based on already calibrated crops of different lineage. The method has been successfully tested for hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) based on a well-known crop model. In this paper we present the method and provide an impetus on the way forward to further develop such methods for modelling the performance of minor crops and their varieties.•The approach works based on modelling the performance of hemp using the knowledge from an existing model that was developed for sugar cane.•The customisation uses one of the most prominent models (AquaCrop) to approximate growth coefficients for hemp (Cannabis sativa L.).•A sequential procedure was used to approximate the phenological stages in the growth model that performs well in the calibration and validation steps.

Research on Cultivation Ways of New-Type Professional Farmers under the Background of Rural Revitalization Strategy

&lt;p&gt;Due to the focus on solving the issues concerning agriculture, rural areas and peasantry, the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed a rural revitalization strategy. In this era, new-type professional farmers came into being. They helped the development of agriculture and accelerated the process of rural revitalization. However, there are still some obvious problems which urgently need to take corresponding improvement measures in the cultivation and development of new-type professional farmers. To solve these problems, it is required to set a premium on basic education in rural areas and promote advanced technology; cultivate correct professional values and improve the social status of farmers; adhere to the training model that combines theory with practice and enrich teaching methods; pay attention to the targeted training of talents at different levels and form reasonable teaching structures; coordinate agricultural development planning and develop regional characteristic agriculture.&lt;/p&gt;

Цифровизация АПК: результаты, проблемы, направления развития

New large-scale agricultural development plans are associated with digitalization, which has become a global trend that sets a new paradigm for the development of Russian economy. The need to develop this study area predetermined the relevance and significance of the implementation of the departmental project “Digital Agriculture.” The article presents the directions of the transformation of agriculture in the conditions of digitalization and systematizes the results of the ongoing questionnaire on this issue. This fact became the basis for the identification of barriers in the industry and points of its development in this context. The paper analyses the existing digital technologies for agriculture. Special attention is paid to accurate agriculture and robotization, the advantages and effects of using them for agricultural production are shown. The study presents the results of a survey in the regions of Russia on the possibilities of using some elements of precision agriculture in the Southern Federal District. The coronavirus pandemic has accelerated the adoption and application of digital technologies. The symbiosis of the digital ecosystem of JSC “Rosselkhozbank” and the leading developer and integrator of digital solutions for the agro-industrial complex APK “IntTerra” created the conditions for appropriate activities for agribusiness through remote technologies. The study states urgent problems of the development and implementation of digital economy in agriculture: a low level of digital infrastructure development in the countryside, a rather low level of staffing, insufficient or complete lack of financial resources in the vast majority of agricultural producers for the introduction of technologies, lack or inefficiency of regional and municipal programs for agribusiness support that introduce digital technologies. The challenges that IT developers face are shown in this article. Priority areas of improvement of policy dealing with agro-industrial complex digitalization are suggested.

Sources, Influencing Factors, and Pollution Process of Inorganic Nitrogen in Shallow Groundwater of a Typical Agricultural Area in Northeast China

As one of the largest agricultural areas, the Sanjiang Plain of Northeast China has faced serious inorganic nitrogen pollution of groundwater, but the sources and the formation mechanism of pollution in the regional shallow groundwater remain unclear, which constrains the progress of pollution control and agricultural development planning. An investigation on potential nitrogen sources, groundwater inorganic nitrogen compounds (NH4+, NO3−, NO2−), and topsoil total nitrogen concentration (TN) was conducted in a typical paddy irrigation area of Sanjiang Plain. Multivariate statistical analysis combined with geospatial-based assessment was applied to identify the sources, determine the governing influencing factors, and analyze the formation process of inorganic nitrogen compounds in shallow groundwater. The results show that the land use type, oxidation-reduction potential (Eh), groundwater depth, NO2− concentration, and electrical conductivity (EC) are highly correlated with the NO3− pollution in groundwater, while DO and Eh affected the distribution of NH4+ most; the high concentrations of NO3− in sampling wells are most likely to be found in the residential land and are distributed mainly in densely populated areas, whereas the NH4+ compounds are most likely to accumulate in the paddy field or the lands surrounded by paddy field and reach the highest level in the northwest of the area, where the fields were cultivated intensively with higher fertilization rates and highest values of topsoil TN. From the results, it can be concluded that that the NO3− compounds in groundwater originated from manure and domestic waste and accumulated in the oxidizing environment, while the NH4+ compounds were derived from N fertilization and remained steady in the reducing environment. NO2− compounds in groundwater were the immediate products of nitrification as a result of microorganism activities.

Land cover/use change analysis and mapping of Borg El-Arab City, Egypt

One of the essential steps for agricultural development planning is the recognition of land cover and land use LCLU classes and the associated changes with time, in which LCLU avails as one of the major input criteria. The North coastal region of Egypt is exposed to significant spatial and temporal changes in LCLU classes (urban, agriculture, and water bodies) that basically affect any kind of development programs. Borg El-Arab City represents a potential community and new industrial site for future development in the region. The supervised classification of Landsat satellite images and computation of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) are applied as effective tools in the study area to observe the LCLU changes. Landsat 5, 7, and 8 satellite images were used and four images dated in 1986, 1999, 2006, and 2017 were selected. The area under consideration was classified into seven main classes ,e.g., Mediterranean Sea, salt marshes, agriculture, urban, bare land, swamps and wet land, and shoreline strip. The area was subjected to significant changes in the last three decades as a result of the reclamation projects growing and industrial effectiveness as well. Taking the whole period (1986–2017) into consideration, results show that the study area is exposed to a wide range of gain or loss in the area of different land cover classes, particularly in regard to the agriculture area, urban land, and bare land. The surface area of urban land, agriculture land, and water bodies increased on the expense of decreasing the bare land, where it lost 31.3%. The urban area expanded into much of the agricultural and the agricultural land expanded into bare land. In light of the recognized change causes, approach policy suggestions for better management of LCLU can be established.

Совершенствование стратегического планирования развития сельского хозяйства региона

Agricultural producers are currently experiencing difficulties in competitive production. As a result, strategic plans for agricultural development require constant adjustments. To improve the strategic planning in the local agriculture, the region needs an effective system that would ensure a continuous functioning process and competitive production. The research objective was to develop proposals in order to improve the strategic planning of regional agricultural development. The study was based on general scientific methods, i.e. synthesis, analysis, abstract-logical and economic-mathematical methods of economic research, etc. The author obtained materials from the Territorial Department of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Buryatia for 2018. The article introduces an analysis of the current development of strategic planning in agriculture and socio-economic problems of agricultural development in the Republic of Buryatia. The author developed some recommendations on the process of strategic planning of agricultural development. Competitive agricultural development requires an integrated approach that could ensure effective development of strategic plans and agricultural producers. The proposed strategic planning process will allow farmers to develop effective strategic plans while producing competitive products.

Integrated crop-livestock systems: A sustainable land-use alternative for food production in the Brazilian Cerrado and Amazon

Sustainable intensification of agriculture is central to deal with the challenges of feeding a growing population while promoting a rational use of environmental and economic resources. Nowhere is this challenge more prominent than in Brazil, where low productivity and environmentally degrading agricultural activities occupy vast areas. We used the emergy synthesis approach, including innovative indices - emergy footprint and carbon-emergy output intensity - to assess and compare the environmental performance of an integrated crop-livestock system to a continuous crop and a continuous livestock system. Our analysis uses survey and empirical case study data from the 2017/18 crop season in Mato Grosso state, Brazil - the largest grain and beef producer in the country. Economic indicators such as gross revenue, production costs and profitability were calculated to complement the sustainability assessments. The emergy indices indicate that integrated crop-livestock system shows a balanced performance between input use and economic and environmental outcomes. In contrast, due to its heavy dependence on external inputs, the cropping system has poor environmental results, but the highest profitability. By excluding these environmental costs, current accounting of soy-corn production in Brazil dramatically overstates its net benefits to society and overall sustainability. The Emergy Sustainability Index for the integrated system was 0.66 and its Net Profit was USD 235.69 ha-1, while for the continuous crop system the values were 0.47 and USD 295 ha−1, respectively. The livestock system performed poorly in both, economic and environmental outcomes, underscoring the need to transition away from existing extensive systems. Livestock shows the highest positive greenhouse gas emissions, 7.98 E−09 tonCO2eq for each joule produced, and Net Loss of USD 0.58 ha-1. These results provide further support for Brazil’s investment in integrated systems as part of its climate mitigation and sustainable agricultural development plans and warrant consideration in sustainable agriculture initiatives in other countries where cattle production is widespread.

Participatory Rural Appraisal Techniques for Problem Identification and Formulation of Village Agricultural Development Plan of Chosla Village

Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) paves a way to understand the grass root level problems faced by farmers following which successful research programs can be proposed. The present study was carried out at Chosla Village of Tonk District in Rajasthan. The PRA tools such as transect walk, agro-ecological mapping, social mapping, time trend, seasonal calendar, gender analysis, timeline, livelihood analysis, technology mapping, consequence diagram and SWOT analysis. Around 20 major problems were identified; in which aphid in mustard, fragmented lands, non-availability of irrigation water were the top three agricultural problems whereas among the non-agricultural problems: sanitation, lack of higher Education facility and lack of awareness about govt. schemes occupied the top three positions. The action plans for these various problems were formulated by the researchers which would eventually serve as the solutions to improve the socio and economic status of the peoples of the Chosla village.