Optimization of the agricultural and forestry biomass power generation supply chain considering multi-period inventory

Agricultural biomass wastes and their resource utilization technologies: A review

Impact of Drought on Agricultural Ecosystems, Biomass and Carbon Uptake in the Northern Part of Bangladesh Using Remote Sensing and Weather Station Data

Abstract Exposure to high levels of air pollution and extreme heat stress has been individually linked to significant health and economic problems in India. However, not much is known about the threats resulting from the co-occurrence of these hazards, which have common meteorological drivers. In this study, we perform a country-wide joint risk analysis at the district level, examining the risks of chronic exposure to the joint extremes of particulate matter pollution (PM 2.5 , mass of particles smaller than 2.5 µm in diameter) and heat stress (wet bulb globe temperature, WBGT) in the presence of geophysical and socioeconomic vulnerability. We find that northern, central, and eastern India are at alarming levels of joint risk, potentially exposing 61% (~842 million) of the population and 56% (~1.84 million km²) of land area. Spatially differentiated drivers of joint risk are high levels of PM 2.5 in northern India, high heat hazards in northern and eastern India, and high vulnerability in the central and eastern states of Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, and Odisha. Region-specific response actions for long-term risk mitigation include reducing emissions from residential and agricultural biomass combustion and industrial coal-burning sources as well as addressing the challenges of housing, healthcare delivery, and economic conditions in central and eastern India. A coordinated policy framework aimed at tackling individual hazards is vital to alleviating these joint risks.

For efficient thermal processing in organic waste decomposition, nanofluid-based bio-thermal reactors have presented a promising technology. This has significant applications in solid waste treatment, agricultural biomass management, and industrial sludge remediation. In the present discussion, a dynamical mathematical model is reported on the three-dimensional radiative flow of a two-phase nanofluid through a parallel channel bio-thermal reactor, where an irregular heat source and reactive diffusion mechanism are clubbed in the model to simulate realistic conditions. The combined effect of thermal radiation, porous medium resistance, and first-order chemical reaction is incorporated in the model, which ensures the behavior of organic waste environments. The distinct behavior of thermophoresis and Brownian motion facilitates uniform waste exposures to thermal gradients. Radiative heat transfer is modeled using the Rosseland approximation, and the nonuniform heat source enhances the flow phenomena. The mathematically designed model gets converted into ordinary as well as dimensionless utilizing similarity rules, and the solution is obtained by employing the Adomian decomposition method, a robust semi-analytical technique. The constructive behavior of the characterizing factors on the flow phenomena is presented briefly via graphs following a strong validation with earlier investigations. However, the important outcomes of the study are: both the magnetization and permeability retard the transverse velocity of the fluid, while the space- and temperature-dependent heat source encourages the heat transport phenomenon, and in reverse, the sink opposes it.

Concrete is the second most consumed material after water, with cement as its primary binder. However, cement production accounts for nearly 7% of global CO2 emissions, posing a major sustainability challenge. This review critically evaluates 35 agricultural biomass ashes (ABAs) as potential supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) for partial cement replacement, focusing on their effects on concrete strength and durability and highlighting performance gaps. Using a systematic methodology, rice husk ash (RHA), sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), and wheat straw ash (WSA) were identified as the most promising ABAs, enhancing strength and durability—including resistance to chloride ingress, sulfate attack, acid exposure, alkali–silica reaction, and drying shrinkage—while maintaining acceptable workability. Optimal replacement levels are recommended at 30% for RHA and 20% for SCBA and WSA, balancing performance and sustainability. These findings indicate that ABAs are viable, scalable SCMs for low-carbon concrete, promoting greener construction and contributing to global climate mitigation.

Single-use plastic cups and packaging materials pose severe environmental challenges due to their persistent nature and harmful impact on ecosystems and wildlife. Simultaneously, the indiscriminate disposal and burning of agricultural and food processing biomass contribute significantly to pollution. Among this biomass, waste generated from corn and fruit processing is produced in substantial quantities and is rich in natural fibres, making it a potential source for developing biodegradable products. This study focuses on the development of biodegradable cups using corn cob powder, mango peel powder, and pineapple peel powder through hot-press compression and moulding technology. The formulation was optimized using response surface methodology, with independent variables, i.e., corn cob (20–40 g), mango peel (30–50 g), and pineapple peel (20–30 g). The responses evaluated including hardness, colour (L* value), and water-holding capacity. The model was fitted using a second-order polynomial equation. Optimum results were achieved with 34 g of corn cob, 40 g of mango peel, and 26 g of pineapple peel powder, yielding a maximum hardness of 2.41 kg, an L* value of 47.03, and a water-holding capacity of 18.25 min. The optimized samples further underwent characterization of physical properties, functional groups, lattice structure, surface morphology, and biodegradability. Colour parameters were recorded as L* = 47.03 ± 0.021, a* = 10.47 ± 0.041, and b* = 24.77 ± 0.032. Textural study revealed a hardness of 2.411 ± 0.063 and a fracturability of 2.635 ± 0.033. The developed biodegradable cup had a semicrystalline nature with a crystallinity index of 44.4%. Soil burial tests confirmed that the developed cups degraded completely within 30 days. These findings highlight the potential of corn and fruit processing waste for developing eco-friendly, biodegradable cups as sustainable alternatives to single-use plastics.

Heat and mass transfer in fluidized bed drying of acai agricultural biomass waste

Large-scale development of biogas production in France: Improved climate benefits over the long term compared to biomass burial.

Impact of different agricultural biomass residues on the performance of continuous solar-steam gasification

The development of green, efficient, and sustainable noble metal nanocatalysts is critical for addressing industrial wastewater pollution. Herein, we report a high-value utilization strategy for agricultural waste biomass by transforming lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) derived from agricultural residues into multifunctional supports for Fe3O4 and Pd nanoparticles. Through a two-step process─antisolvent self-assembly followed by in situ reduction─LNPs@Fe3O4@Pd magnetic nanocomposites are synthesized, combining lignin's inherent eco-friendly properties with the magnetic recyclability of Fe3O4 and the catalytic activity of Pd. The catalytic study showed that LNPs@Fe3O4@Pd presented excellent catalytic efficiency for the fade of methylene blue (catalytic rate constant is 5.89 min-1). The incorporation of stable superparamagnetism imparted the LNPs@Fe3O4@Pd with an exceptional cycling performance. Additionally, the nanocomposites exhibit robust photothermal conversion capabilities, enabling the construction of NIR laser-responsive liquid marbles via simple assembly. These liquid marbles combine magnetic separability and light-triggered controllability, offering a dynamic and reusable platform for dye wastewater treatment. Consequently, LNPs@Fe3O4@Pd and their liquid marble assemblies hold significant potential for industrial-scale applications in sustainable dye removal and beyond.

The biogas sector is undergoing development as a result of the growing demand for renewable energy. Methane fermentation allows for the acquisition of energy that is universally usable, while also facilitating the neutralization of problematic waste. Sewage sludge generated as a result of a number of technological processes occurring during wastewater treatment requires appropriate management, and its volume increases every year. In this work, the task was to determine the suitability of sewage sludge for co-digestion with agricultural biomass. The research allowed for the determination of the positive impact of using sewage sludge for fermentation with agricultural biomass. The amount of biogas produced and the methane content were higher compared to the single-component fermentation of agricultural biomass. Mixed sludge had a particularly beneficial effect on fermentation. The largest amount of biogas was obtained from maize silage input and mixed sludge, i.e., 309 Ndm3·k−1 d.m. The methane content in this mixture reached a maximum level of 63%. The least productive was mixture no. 4, consisting exclusively of apple pomace. It produced the smallest amount of biogas (96 Ndm3/kg d.m.) and the process occurred with the greatest delay. The rate of the process was similar for mixtures 3 and 4 for an extended period. In the case of mixture no. 2, there was initially a slightly higher inhibition of the process, but by day 17, it had reached the biogas yield level of mixture 3. The amount of biogas produced for mixtures 2 and 3 was 119 and 133 Ndm3/kg d.m., respectively. From day 22 onwards, the process for all mixtures was coming to an end, with no significant biogas yields observed until the end of the study period. Such a high methane content increases the energy value of biogas, which in practice means a higher yield of electricity and heat from the same amount of feedstock, and thus lower unit costs of energy production. Co-digestion of maize silage, apple pomace, and beet pulp with sewage sludge can be a successful practice in biogas plants.

Abstract This article presents a comprehensive examination of agricultural production, biomass generation, and its transformation into biochar, with a particular emphasis on green coconut waste as a primary resource. It underscores the link between agriculture and substantial biomass output, shedding light on the ecological issues associated with solid waste. Furthermore, it highlights the significance of sustainable approaches. The article explores different aspects of green coconut biomass, encompassing its chemical composition, covering the biomass‐to‐biochar conversion, and addressing production techniques and activation methods. In the context of biochar applications, the article scrutinizes the preparation procedures for green coconut utilization, emphasizing emerging trends and overlooked areas. It includes prior research conducted by our research group. In the section discussing future prospects, it emphasizes the relevance of proper selection of coconut waste as carbon precursors, while also considering the obstacles to widespread adoption. Lastly, it examines the potential of biochar within the framework of the circular economy, along with its role in fostering sustainable practices and managing biomass waste. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Fisheries are a critical source of animal protein for billions globally, yet the intensification of aquaculture has increased reliance on artificial inputs, raising concerns over associated carbon emissions. This study analyzes the spatial distribution and temporal trends of global seafood production, consumption, and related carbon emissions from 2015 to 2020, using the Eora26 and Food and Agriculture Biomass Input-Output (FABIO) multi-regional input-output databases. Special attention is given to the carbon footprint of fishmeal and fish oil across economic sectors. Findings reveal that Asia, particularly China, dominates global seafood production, accounting for 39.2% of output and contributing significantly to spatial disparities in fisheries-related emissions. From 2015 to 2020, global seafood-related carbon emissions rose by 31.6%, with East Asia consistently ranking highest across domestic, consumption-based, and production-based emissions. South America increasingly serves as a major exporter, meeting rising global seafood demand. Fishmeal and fish oil are primarily consumed in the fisheries, cattle, pig, and dairy sectors. China is the largest recipient, while Norway, Peru, Chile, and the United States are key producers. The carbon footprint of these intermediate products exhibits scaling law characteristics, reflecting the complexity and transboundary nature of their supply chains. This study highlights the spatial and industrial intricacies of seafood-related carbon emissions and underscores the need for more targeted, sector-specific mitigation strategies. The findings also emphasize the importance of applying the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities to ensure equitable carbon reduction across regions within the global fisheries system.

A first order methodology for the sizing and siting of utility-scale biogas plants processing Egypt's lignocellulosic biomass.

The development trend of green materials based on agricultural waste combined with biodegradable polymers such as PLA, PVA, starch, and chitosan has significantly advanced in recent decades. This trend was driven by the rapid increase in plastic waste and agricultural biomass, which have had substantial negative impacts on the environment and human health. This study aimed to extract cellulose fibers from sugarcane bagasse as a reinforcing agent for PLA-based bio-composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis results showed that the extracted cellulose fibers had smooth surfaces and were relatively well dispersed in the PLA matrix. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis technique showed that the chemical structure of cellulose fibers unchanged after chemical treatment and the effective removal of amorphous components. X-ray diffraction analysis showed a type I cellulose crystalline structure of the extracted cellulose fibers with a crystallinity index of 63.71%. Thermal gravimetric analysis identified three stages of weight loss for the extracted cellulose fibers: below 120 oC, from 120 oC to 380 oC, and above 380 oC. The analysis results of mechanical properties of bio-composites indicated that upon incorporation of cellulose at loading ranging from 0.1% to 0.5%, the mechanical performance of the bio-composites decreased compared to that of neat PLA.

The growing volatility of global energy prices increases energy insecurity in importing countries, necessitating the development of adaptive strategies that consider local resource potential. In Ukraine, which is facing the consequences of war and partial destruction of its energy infrastructure, the development of bioenergy has become particularly relevant as an alternative path to strengthening energy security. The hypothesis of the research assumes that rising global prices for conventional energy carriers enhance the economic feasibility of local bioenergy projects, provided there is a sufficient resource base, regional support mechanisms, and effective tariff regulation. The research methodology is based on a combination of comparative analysis, expert assessments, a cost-element approach to energy pricing, and indicative ranking of biofuel alternatives using techno-economic criteria: cost, calorific value, profitability, and payback period. Using the Polissia region as a case study, the paper evaluates the potential of wood-based, agricultural, and peat biomass. The findings reveal that baled straw and wood chips are the most balanced heat sources in terms of cost-effectiveness, availability, and supply stabi­lity. A technical and economic comparison of various energy sources is provided, and key barriers to scaling bioenergy solutions are identified. Particular attention is paid to limi­tations in the current tariff policy and investment incentives. The research results are relevant for shaping regional energy transition strategies, supporting investment initiatives in the rene­wable energy sector, and advancing national decarbonization goals. Bioenergy is therefore positioned as a critical component of Ukraineʼs pathway toward energy autonomy and sustai­nable economic development in the context of global energy price fluctuations

Recently, the resource utilization of agricultural biomass wastes for the preparation of a wide range of high-value-added chemicals and functional materials, especially heterogeneous catalysts, has received extensive attention from researchers. In this work, mesoporous WO3/ZrO2-SiO2 catalysts are prepared by a two-step incipient-wetness impregnation method using agricultural biomass waste rice husk (RH) as both the silicon source and mesoporous template. The effects of different WO3 and ZrO2 loadings on the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) performance of samples are investigated, and the suitable WO3 and ZrO2 loadings are 11 and 30%, respectively. The relevant characterization results indicate that, compared to 11%WO3/SiO2, the introduction of ZrO2 leads to the formation of stronger W-O-Zr bonds, which makes the tungsten species stabilized in the state of W6+. The strong preferential interaction between Zr and W facilitates the formation of stable and highly dispersed WOx clusters on the mesoporous ZrO2-SiO2 carrier. Furthermore, it also prevents the formation of WO3 crystallites, significantly reducing their content and thus inhibiting the loss of the WO3 component during cycling experiments. Therefore, the 11%WO3/30%ZrO2-SiO2 sample shows excellent catalytic activity and recycling performance (DBT conversion reaches 99.2% after 8 cycles, with a turnover frequency of 12.7 h–1; 4,6-DMDBT conversion reaches 99.0% after 7 cycles, with a turnover frequency of 6.3 h–1). The kinetics of the ODS reactions are further investigated. The mechanism of the ODS reaction is explored through experiments involving leaching, quenching, and the capture of the active intermediate. Finally, a possible reaction mechanism for the ODS process for the 11%WO3/30%ZrO2-SiO2 sample is proposed.

Abstract One of the solutions to the global warming risk and other climate issues is to concentrate on research and development of utilizing biomass as a fossil fuel alternative. The current estimate of cotton residue waste in the world is about 50 million tons. This massive volume of biomass waste should be turned into clean energy to avert burning the stalks in open fields after cotton harvesting. Therefore, harmful emissions such as CO2 will be reduced. This study aims to investigate the published literature to comprehend the bioenergy production from the thermal treatment of cotton stalks, including combustion, pyrolysis, carbonization, torrefaction, liquefaction, and gasification. Furthermore, the future outlook, utilization, and prospective challenges of agricultural biomass for biofuel production are discussed. According to the literature, biochar and bio-oil derived from cotton stalks have high heating values of about 27.5 and 37.2 MJ·kg– 1, respectively. These values are double those of cotton stalk raw materials, which make it a good candidate for bioenergy production. This article offers valuable insight into cotton stalk utilization via thermochemical treatment and provides a solid reference for researchers, policymakers, and other stakeholders in this field.

The valorization of agricultural residual biomass is one of the main strategies for advancing the circular economy in the Colombian context. However, this process must consider an comprehensive vision that takes into account the potential of the waste. The purpose of this work was to evaluate three technologies for the in situ valorization of residues from fresh tomato production: biochar production in a retort system, composting, and co-composting. In the first phase, the residual biomass of the tomato production system was characterized, then the technologies were implemented and evaluated from an economic and life cycle approach considering the flows of materials, water, energy balance, costs, and time, in terms of functional unit of analysis of one ton of final product obtained. It was determined that for every ton of fresh tomato produced, about 297.7 kg of organic waste is generated, confirming the technical feasibility of the evaluated technologies. However, biochar—despite showing the expected temperature profile for slow pyrolysis—proved disadvantageous at small scale due to its cost and energy demand. On the other hand, the addition of biochar to compost increased nitrogen retention by 35% and reduced water requirements, while maintaining the expected characteristics. This finding highlights opportunities in the integration of technologies aimed at enhancing the use, recirculation, and valorization of agricultural waste biomass.