Aggression In Women Research Articles

Dropout in a Treatment Program for Self-referring Wife Abusing Men

Demographic factors and levels of psychological and physical aggression were assessed as predictors of dropout for those who participated in a group treatment program for maritally discordant couples reporting husband to wife physical aggression. In addition, follow-up assessments with dropouts were conducted to obtain clients' reasons for termination. Demographic variables and levels of physical aggression did not predict dropout; however, higher levels of psychological aggression did. The most frequently cited reasons for dropout by participants were treatment-related issues. Specifically, clients reported that the group format did not enable them to address their individual couple issues. Regarding future treatment planning, our findings indicate that in cases where men are severely psychologically abusive, individual sessions may be warranted that precede or are in conjunction with couple sessions. Also, it is as important to target women's psychological aggression as it is to target men's psychological aggression. Finally, our findings indicate that treatment programs should utilize some mechanism that allows for more personalized attention to each couple, such as an individual couples format and/or an individual supplement to the group format.

Outcomes of childhood aggression in women.

Outcomes of childhood aggression in women.

Cross-cultural perspectives on aggression in women and girls: An introduction

In this introduction to the papers in the special issue of Sex Roles on female aggression, I emphasize the range and variety of our subject and the need for a multiplicity of perspectives. In the work of the eleven authors contained in this volume we can see the utility of both relativist and universalists frameworks. I discuss the problems with identifying aggression and violence cross-culturally and underline the importance of incorporating other perspectives into our theories. I also discuss the potential advantages and shortcomings of phrasing our questions about women's and girls's aggression in terms of sexual difference.

Anger and aggression in women: Influence of sports choice and testosterone administration

We report on two studies of anger and aggression in women. One study concerns an experimental study of anger induction in aggressive and non-aggressive sportswomen. It was found that sports choice in itself, contrary to expectation, does not predict anger arousal and aggressive behavior in the laboratory. However, at an individual level the anger proneness of the subject, as measured by a questionnaire we developed, was related to the intensity of aggressive behavior and subjectively reported anger. The second study concerns the activating effects of androgens on aggression and anger proneness. In a group of 22 female-to-male transsexuals, a battery of anger proneness and aggression questionnaires was administered twice: shortly before and 3 months after the start of androgen treatment. Administration of androgens was clearly associated with an increase in anger proneness, although there were no changes in several aspects of overt aggressive behavior.

Women's aggression in heterosexual conflicts

Using a longitudinal design, prior experience with violence as a victim and opportunity to aggress were examined as predictors of college women's verbal and physical aggression toward romantic partners. Five additional categories of predictors identified in previous research (experienced and witnessed parental aggression during childhood, attitudes accepting of aggression, aggressive/impulsive personality attributes, psychopathology, and prior use of aggression) were also examined. Blockwise hierarchical regression analyses were performed to reveal the best predictors of verbal and physical aggression during the first year of college. Significant predictors of verbal aggression were prior use of verbal aggression in heterosexual conflicts during adolescence, witnessed parental aggression, level of adolescent sexual victimization, being a target of rational conflict strategies during adolescence, and use of physical aggression in romantic adolescent relationships, as well as self-reported verbal aggression as an index of personality, weak emotional ties, number of sexual partners, and approval of sexual intimacy in many types of relationships. Significant predictors of physical aggression were prior use of physical aggression during adolescence, witnessing and experiencing parental aggression, being a victim of physical aggression in adolescent romantic relationships, weak emotional ties, low levels of alcohol/drug use, and opportunity to aggress. A developmental model of aggression in which childhood experiences with family violence contribute to the likelihood of subsequent involvement in relationship violence seems appropriate. Past experience with aggression may be particularly important for women. Cultural expectations about women's roles do not provide the social support for female aggression that is provided for male aggression. Adolescent sexual victimizations and general involvement in conflictual relationships (as target and perpetrator) predicted subsequent verbal aggression, whereas experiencing family violence and sustaining physical aggression in romantic relationships predicted subsequent physical aggression. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Gender role masculinity and angry aggression in women

The extent to which gender role masculinity is related to degree of women's angry retaliation was investigated. The study also examined whether the relationship between gender role masculinity and anger is mediated by gender role differences in reactivity to provocation, or to differences in the labeling of anger. It was expected that the influence of gender role masculinity on affect and aggression would be greatest when the nature of the affective arousal is ambiguous. Sixty undergraduate women (predominantly upper middle class and white) were given a placebo pill. They were either given ambiguous information about the pill's effects, or were told it was a vitamin or a stimulant. They then were either provoked or not provoked, and finally received an opportunity to retaliate. The participants had been divided by median split into high- and low-masculinity groups based on their scores on Spence and Helmreich's (1978) Personal Attributes Questionnaire. As expected, when provoked, high-masculinity subjects were more aggressive than low-masculinity subjects but only in the ambiguous drug information condition. Although they reported more arousal-related sensations, they did not rate themselves higher in anger. The results are discussed in terms of gender role influences on the experience of anger and the expression of aggression.

Aggressive and Nonaggressive Behavior as a Function of Alcohol Intoxication and Frustration in Women

An experiment tested whether alcohol increases aggression in women in a situation in which both an aggressive and a nonaggressive response alternative of equal instrumentality and of equal variability are available. Subjects were assigned to one of three groups, namely, an alcohol, a placebo, or a control group. The alcohol dose was 1.0 ml of pure alcohol/kg body weight. After drinking their respective drink, subjects were instructed to supervise a bogus partner on a visual scan test over a series of trials. Each time this partner made a mistake, subjects could either give an uncomfortable electric shock (scale 1 to 10) or a comfortable vibration (scale 1 to 10) to the partner. Aggressive and nonaggressive behavior was measured as numbers, intensities, and durations of shocks or vibrations, respectively. Neither alcohol nor frustration differentiated the groups on aggressive or nonaggressive behavior. All groups were significantly more inclined to use the nonaggressive alternative irrespective of alcohol dose and level of frustration. In conclusion it was stated that women do not increase their aggression as a function of alcohol in a situation with more than one response alternative available. The need to incorporate gender differences as to aggressive effects of alcohol was stressed.

The peaceable sex: On aggression in women and men, by margarete mitscherlich. (Translated from the German by Craig Tomlinson.) New York, Fromm International Publishing Company, 1987, 214 pp

The peaceable sex: On aggression in women and men, by margarete mitscherlich. (Translated from the German by Craig Tomlinson.) New York, Fromm International Publishing Company, 1987, 214 pp

Reviews : The Dynamics of Aggression in Women's Prisons in England ALEXANDRA MANDARAKA — SHEPPARD Gower, 1986; £17.15; hb; pp 2 72

Reviews : The Dynamics of Aggression in Women's Prisons in England ALEXANDRA MANDARAKA — SHEPPARD Gower, 1986; £17.15; hb; pp 2 72

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:Memorising Politics Of Ancient History; Dialectic Of Nihilism: Post‐Structuralism And Law. By Gillian Rose.The European Court of Justice: Practice and Procedure. By K. P. E. Lasok.The Dynamics of Aggression in Women's Prisons in England. By A. Mandaraka‐Sheppard.

Book Reviews: The Social Science Encyclopedia, The Principle of Hope, Fragments of Modernity, Habermas and the Foundations of Critical Theory, Subordination: Feminism and Social Theory, Marxism and International Relations, Powers of Theory: Capitalism, the State, and Democracy, The Ideology of the New Right, Ideology, Explanation in Social History, Writing Marxist History, British Society, Economy and Culture since 1700, Capitalism and

Book Reviews: The Social Science Encyclopedia, The Principle of Hope, Fragments of Modernity, Habermas and the Foundations of Critical Theory, Subordination: Feminism and Social Theory, Marxism and International Relations, Powers of Theory: Capitalism, the State, and Democracy, The Ideology of the New Right, Ideology, Explanation in Social History, Writing Marxist History, British Society, Economy and Culture since 1700, Capitalism and

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:Police: The Constitution and the Community J. Baxter and L. KoffmanStress and Stigma: Explanation and Evidence in the Sociology of Crime and Illness U. E. Gerhardt and M. E. J. WadsworthLicensed to Live J. B. Coker and J. P. MartinPrediction in Criminology D. P. Farrington and R. TarlingCriminal Women P. Carlen, J. Hicks, J. O'Dwyer, D. Christina and C. TchaikovskyVisions of Social Control: Crime, Punishment and Classification S. CohenInitiative and Inertia: Case Studies in the NHS B. StockingDeterring Potential Criminals Ernest van den HaagAlternatives to Criminal Courts ‐ The Potential for Non‐Judicial Dispute Settlement Tony F. MarshallAre Two Legal Professions Necessary? P. ReevesStopping Rape ‐ Successful Survival Strategies P. B. Bart and P. H. O'BrienPeriodic Restriction of Liberty Roger Shaw and Rita HutchinsonThe Dynamics of Aggression in Women's Prisons in England A. Mandaraka‐Sheppard

Kinder, Küeche, Kibbutz; Women's Aggression and Status Quo Maintenance in a Small Scale Community

Kinder, Küeche, Kibbutz; Women's Aggression and Status Quo Maintenance in a Small Scale Community

Effect of Perceiver's Experience with Aggression on Attributions about Aggressors

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of an observer's experience in aggression on the perception of other aggressors. In both experiments, undergraduate volunteers watched a videotape of two women arguing over a bridge game, completed a person-perception questionnaire, and a report on their past experience with aggression. Both experiments showed effects of a person's experience with aggression on the attribution of cause for aggression (responsibility and influence), although no clear relationships have yet emerged. Results of Exp. 1 also show a difference between persons high and low in experience with aggression in the perception of satisfaction derived from aggression. Perceived satisfaction from aggression increased with experience with aggression for women but tended to decrease for men. Results of Exp. 2 suggest that schema differences among persons with different amounts of experience with aggression are mainly in terms of influence, although some particular differences in attributions of responsibility appear.

Women's aggression: An African case study

Theories of human aggression tend to emphasize aggression as a male phenomenon. An ecological approach to aggression implies that females ought to be aggressive when confrontation is a viable means of attaining scarce resources. In modern Zambia, intrafemale aggression occurs at the individual and socioeconomic class levels. At the individual level, aggression occurs between women for a specific man or his economic resources both within households and beyond their boundaries. At the class level, elite and poor women combine forces to victimize subelite women. Both levels of aggression involve competition over the scarce resource of socially desirable men and their support. Competition is due to the unequal access of the genders to opportunities for labor-force participation and hence different positions in the stratification system, the desire for hypergamous marriage, marital instability, changing role expectations, and the increased dependency of women on men.

Experiential and physiological responses associated with anger and aggression in women and men

In a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design, 48 male and female college students were either given a “sex-appropriate” provocation or were not provoked. Half of the subjects were then requested to give a “stream of consciousness” (SOC) report. Throughout the experiment, three physiological measures were monitored. Finally, all subjects delivered noxious sounds to their same-sex partner as part of a Buss-type learning task. No sex differences were found for subjects not giving the SOC report; provoked men and women were equally angry, hostile toward their partner, and displayed equal amounts of aggressive behavior. Provoked men reporting on their SOC, however, appeared to stimulate themselves to more aggression, whereas women seemed to adopt a nonhostile strategy for coping with their anger, thus reducing their inclination to behave aggressively. These patterns of results were closely paralleled by physiological changes. The relative validity of systolic and diastolic blood pressure as indicators of anger arousal was also discussed.

Discussion of "The Psychodynamics of Aggression in Women".

Discussion of "The Psychodynamics of Aggression in Women".

Discussion of "The Psychodynamics of Aggression in Women".

Discussion of "The Psychodynamics of Aggression in Women".

Psychodynamics of aggression in women.

Psychodynamics of aggression in women.

Self-sacrifice, Cooperation and Aggression in Women of Varying Sex-role Orientations

Self-sacrifice, Cooperation and Aggression in Women of Varying Sex-role Orientations