Aggression In Sport Research Articles

Comparison of Sports Aggression among Cricket Players of Kerala and Madhya Pradesh

This study was conducted to Compare the Sports Aggression level Among the National LevelCricket Players of Kerala And Madhya Pradesh. In this study as the subject’s Under- 16, Under-19 Seniorcricket players of Madhya Pradesh Kerala were chosen as the subjects. 120 cricket players from Keralaand Madhya Pradesh who had represented their state team in various National tournaments were selectedfor this study. A total of 60 among the whole sample consist of Kerala Players (U-16 – 20, U-19 - 20 Senior- 20) and the remaining 60 are from Madhya Pradesh. For comparing the Sports Aggression levelamong the cricket players of Kerala and Madhya Pradesh - Sports Aggression Inventory was used. It wasconstructed and standardized by Anand Kumar and Prem Shankar Shukla. The questionnaire was filledby the players of Kerala and Madhya Pradesh. For the evaluation of the questionnaires Two-way ANOVAwas employed and findings revealed that, both the states have significant influence on SportsAggression. The players of Under-16, Under-19 and Senior category of Madhya Pradesh has less SportsAggression in comparison with the players of Kerala players. When we see within the state of MP theAggression level of the Under-16, Under-19 Senior players possess almost same level. But theAggression level of the Senior Players from Kerala were significantly different than the other categoryplayers. By the help of Sports Psychology, and the assessment of Aggression level of players orindividuals’ performance in cricket not only demands systematic training to develop physical andphysiological variables but also demands training and considerations of psychological characteristics forthe success in this field.

Do Fair Play Behaviors Reduce Aggression and Anger in Sport?

The sample group of the study, which examined the relationship between the fair play behaviors of student athletes and their levels of aggression and anger in sports, consisted of a total of 333 student athletes, 140 female and 193 male, studying at Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University Faculty of Sports Sciences in the 2021-2022 academic year. The aim of the study, in which both screening (descriptive) and correlational models were used, was to examine the relationship between student athletes' fair play behaviors and their levels of aggression and anger in sports. The Multidimensional Scale of Sportsmanship Orientation (MSOS-25) and the Scale of Aggression and Anger in Sport (CAAS) were used to collect data. The data were collected from the participants through face-to-face forms in April 2022. In the analysis of the data obtained in the study, Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient was calculated to examine the internal consistency of the measurement tools. According to the various demographic characteristics of the participants, t-test and ANOVA tests were applied to evaluate the levels of the Multidimensional Sportsmanship Orientation Scale and the Aggression and Anger in Sport Scale. In addition, the level of relationship between the scales was evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis. Whether the data met the prerequisites of parametric tests was decided by examining the Skewness and Kurtosis (normal distribution of data) values and Levene (equality of variance) test results. As a result of the research, it was seen that there was a significant negative relationship between the Multidimensional Sportsmanship Orientation levels of student athletes and the levels of Aggression and Anger in Sports. Accordingly, it can be said that as the fair play behaviors of student athletes increase, their levels of aggression and anger in sports decrease.

The role of psychological resilience and aggression in injury prevention among martial arts athletes.

For martial artists, the ability to manage reactions in the face of adversity and bounce back after a stressful event can have major impact on performance. The scope of the research is to investigate martial artists' level of resilience and aggression (Go-ahead, Foul play, and Assertiveness factors), what is specific to athletes and who have suffered from moderate and/or severe injuries (in terms of resilience and three factors of aggression examined), and test the possibility that a psychological variable under investigation can predict athletes' injury severity. A total sample of 154 athletes from striking combat sports-SC (karate, taekwondo, kickboxing, and boxing), grappling combat sports-GC (judo and BJJ), and mixed martial artists (MMA) participated in the research. For assessing resilience, the Romanian adaptation of the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) was used, and for aggression, the Romanian adaptation of Makarowski's Sports Aggression Questionnaire was used. An injury report form was also created and applied to athletes. The post-hoc tests (after running a single-factor multivariate analysis of variance) revealed significant differences for resilience and Foul (violent) play between the sports disciplines analyzed. A significant positive correlation was found between athletes' injury severity and assertiveness in SC and between injury severity and resilience in GC. Through the t-test for independent samples, it was highlighted that the average value for Foul (violent) play is significantly higher in athletes who have suffered mild, moderate, and/or severe injuries compared with martial arts athletes who have suffered from only mild/minor injuries. A binomial logistic regression was also performed to verify to what extent Foul play predicts athletes' injury severity. A low level of Foul (violent) play is linked with a decreased likelihood of moderate and/or severe injuries in martial arts athletes. The study findings suggest that resilience, foul play, and assertiveness have an important role in injury prevention among martial artists.

A Comparative Study on Aggression and Performance Anxiety in Physical and Non-physical Sports in India

Understanding the interplay of aggression and anxiety in individuals who compete in physical sport against those who compete in non-physical sport is crucial to provide individuals with customized training programs, interventions, and coping strategies. Incorporating a comparative framework this study aims to investigate the correlation of aggression and performance anxiety in physical and non-physical sports. The study included a total 100 participants of which 51 were individuals competing in physical sports and 49 competing in non-physical sports, the distribution also included 64 males and 36 females. Both performance anxiety and aggression were measured through standardized assessment tools, Sports Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2) by Smith, Ronald E. et, al. (2006) and the Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) by Buss and Perry (1992). The scores of physical sport participants indicated a mean score of 78.3 (SD=16.5) in Aggressive behaviours and 29.7 (SD=9.9) in Anxious behaviours, mean scores for non-physical sport participants were 67.9 (SD=16.4) for aggression and 27.8 (SD=7.4) for sport anxiety. The findings of this study highlight that both groups physical sport and non-physical) sport had a moderate to good positive correlation of aggression and performance anxiety, and the need for further research dedicated to professional athletes in both domain.

A preliminary approach to implicit aggression in sports and educational sciences field

Everyone has implicit biases, no one is immune. The research aimed to explore the automatic/ unconscious aggression of athletes and future specialists in the field of education sciences (future teachers). 179 participants were recruited in the current research, aged between 20 and 24. An Implicit Associations Test (IAT) was created for automatic assessment of aggression. Data analysis revealed that more future teachers (20.83%) associated aggression with self (at the unconscious level), when compared to athletes. Recommendations for future teachers who have obtained a positive D score at IAT have been made. However, most of the participants automatically associated aggression with others (not with self). Using ANOVA procedures the differences between groups, in terms of implicit aggression, were investigated. Athletes from team sports (e.g., football, handball) and grappling combat sports (judo, jiu-jitsu) associated aggression with others at the highest level. Also, athletes in heuristic sports (open skills) associated aggression with others at a higher level than athletes practicing algorithmic sports. The IAT results were explained in the light of the specifics of each activity (sports discipline or future teaching activity).

Explicit and indirect, latency-based measure of aggression in striking combat sports.

Aggression in sports is often perceived as a necessary trait for success, especially in martial arts. Aggression can be assessed both explicitly and implicitly, taking into account the dual processing model. The purpose of the research was to examine explicit and indirect, latency-based measure of aggression in competitive athletes practicing striking combat sports, according to gender and sports performance. At the same time, we verified whether aggression (implicit/unconscious and explicit) predicts sports performance in martial artists. A total of 85 athletes practicing striking combat sports took part in the research. For implicit, latency-based measure of aggression, an Implicit Associations Test (IAT) was used, while explicit aggression was assessed with the Romanian adaptation of the Makarowski's Aggression Questionnaire for martial arts athletes. Data analysis revealed (using multivariate analysis of variance) that athletes from striking combat sports having international sports performances registered significantly higher D-scores (IAT, p = 0.014) and lower values for Go-ahead factor (p = 0.006), compared to athletes without outstanding results. Goodman and Kruskal tau association test was used to check the existing associations between athletes' gender and martial arts athletes' level of explicit and implicit aggression. In addition, binomial logistic regression procedures were performed, predicting martial artists' likelihood to obtain higher sports results, based on explicit and indirect aggression. A stronger association between Aggression and Others (at implicit/unconscious level) and a moderate level (generally) for Go-ahead factor of explicit aggression are associated with an increased likelihood of sports performances in athletes. In addition, male martial arts athletes are more persistent despite obstacles, remaining more on the offensive (no gender-related association were found in terms of indirect/unconscious aggression, and for Foul Play and Assertiveness factors of explicit aggression). The study underlines the importance of addressing athletes' subconscious level to promote more constructive behaviors in competitions.

Type of sport-and gender-related personality features in the case of injured martial arts athletes

The aim of the research was to highlight the differences in personality features between martial artists who suffered moderate and/or severe injuries and athletes who suffered only minor sports injuries. A sample of 111 senior martial arts athletes (89 males and 22 females) took part in the study, from striking combat sports (boxing, kick-boxing, taekwondo and karate), grappling combat sports (jiu-jitsu and judo), and Mixed Martial Arts. The Romanian adaptation of the Makarowski’s Questionnaire for risk-taking behavior, the Romanian adaptation of the Brief Resilience Scale, and the Romanian adaptation of the Makarowski's Sports Aggression Questionnaire have been used. Using ANOVA statistical procedures the existing differences between groups (formed with respect to gender and type of sport practiced), in terms of aggression, resilience and risk-taking behavior were examined. Athletes who reported moderate and/or severe injuries (and are more resilient) tend to attack more, are looking for stimulating situations and assume less calculated risks, being, also, more willing to win regardless of the costs and even breaking the rules of the game.

A meta-analysis on the relationship between media with violence and aggression in Iranian sports

The present research aimed to conduct a systematic study on violence and aggression in the context of Iranian sports and perform a meta-analysis to investigate the association between the media and violence and aggression in sports. The research encompassed all relevant studies available in scientific databases within Iran (such as Magiran, Seyed, Civilica, Normagz, Humane resource study, and police publications), as well as dissertations from the information and scientific documents database. The selected timeframe for this analysis covered the years 2001 to 2018 in the Iranian context. Through this process, 209 studies related to the subject were identified, out of which 10 studies were included in the meta-analysis based on the research protocol investigating the relationship between media and violence and aggression in sports. Data analysis was performed using SPSS25 and CMA2 software. The results showed several variables played prominent roles in the researches on violence and aggression in sports, including media performance, referees’ performance, stadium amenities, law enforcement and security factors, external and internal stadium environment, coach’s behavior, social control, family influence, education, socio-economic factors, substance abuse, players’ behavior, influence of friends, managerial aspects, and cultural and political factors. Inferential statistics indicated effect size for the relationship between media and violence and aggression, under the fixed model, was determined to be 0.259, and under the random model, it was 0.306, both of which were statistically significant. Consequently, based on the findings from the meta-analysis, a significant direct relationship between media and violence and aggression in sports was established.

A comparative study on sports aggression between national, inter-university, state level and inter collegiate badminton players

A comparative study on sports aggression between national, inter-university, state level and inter collegiate badminton players

Aggressive Motives and Fan Passion Across Different Types of Sports

Abstract: On-field aggression can attract and entertain sport consumers. However, the promotion of aggression in sport has been controversial, as societal shift s raise questions about how much aggression in sport is appropriate. Therefore, this study seeks to better understand the relationship between on-field aggression and fandom by examining how two motives (physical aggression and violence) predict sport fan passion for three categories of sports (limited-contact, full-contact, and combat). An online questionnaire was utilized to solicit responses from 540 adult sports fans. Overall, results of this study showed consumers’ physical aggression motive influenced sport fan passion for low-contact and full-contact sports except for ice-hockey. However, consumers’ violence motive influenced combat sport passion (i.e., boxing, MMA). Results inform marketers how aggression motivates consumers and how to market this type of content across different sports.

Sports Aggression and Injury: Incorporating The Criminal Justice System into the Sports Industry

Current trends suggest that playing professional sports poses a considerable risk of injury, especially if driven by aggressive tactical advances. The lack of definite game rules that penalise athletes who inflict harm and cause severe injuries to their opponents suggests the need for harmonisation with the national criminal justice system. It is timely for sports policymakers to look at this issue through the lens of economics (sports industry) as well as law—a process that requires them devise penalty designs for specific acts of sports aggression. This article examines the Malaysian criminal law standards in protecting the interest of the sports industry. Through a qualitative method and doctrinal content analysis, the issues of criminalisation of acts in sports and the qualification of sports violence as a crime are analysed. The approach is to evaluate the specific role of criminal law provision (on criminals and victims in sports) in professional sports and at all levels of sports activities involving aggression and injury. Given that the Malaysian sports industry is continuously evolving and associated with many aggressive sports, it is in the best interest of the relevant sports organisations and organisers to minimise injury rates and overly violent play. This article considers the characteristics of the generic and specific objects of criminal legal justice in the context of the Penal Code, which must correspond to the degree of encroachment danger in the sporting setting, based on the conceptual rules relating to the sports industry’s significant activities.

CARACTERÍSTICAS E PREVENÇÃO DE LESÕES ESPORTIVAS NO FUTEBOL ADOLESCENTE

ABSTRACT Introduction: This year is the year of the soccer World Cup. With the adult team unable to participate in the World Cup, society's attention has turned to college soccer. However, as a highly aggressive sport, soccer will inevitably cause various sports injuries. Objective: Investigate the causes and characteristics of sports injuries of young school soccer players in some areas of China, and propose measures to prevent and control sports injuries. Methods: A total of 1024 adolescents aged 6 to 17 years were research volunteers; the causes and characteristics of sports injuries of these young college soccer players were investigated through field investigation, questionnaire survey, expert interview, and mathematical analysis. Results: The results of the survey show that 73.2% (750 people) of the respondents have suffered sports injuries, among which the common injuries in elementary school (6-12 years old) are knee and upper limb joints, and the common injuries in middle school (12-17 years old) are mainly ankle and knee joints, with the same characteristics as adult players. The degree of injury in different segments is the same, with mild injuries being the most common, followed by moderate and severe. As the learning period increased, the mild injuries decreased significantly, while the moderate and severe injuries showed an increasing trend. Most injuries occurred in the summer, with the injury rate during training significantly higher than during competition. The causes of injuries are different in different age groups. Conclusion: Young school soccer players are prone to sports injuries in the sporting process, and specific preventive measures are needed to prevent these injuries from causing adverse effects on young players. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

The Comparison of Metacognitive Group Intervention and Group Acceptance-Based Behavioral Therapy on Competitive Aggression of Anxious Professional Soccer Athletes in Tehran

The aim of present study was comparison of metacognitive group intervention and group acceptance based behavioral therapy on competitive aggression of anxious professional soccer players in U-19 league in Tehran. Participants in this study were 60 professional soccer players who were occupied in professional soccer leagues in Tehran. These participants were entered into the assessment stage and after obtaining informed consent, they randomly assigned in one of the three experiment groups MCT MAC, WL. The participants completed the Sport Aggression Styles Inventory in pre-test, post-test and 3 months follow-up stages. The results of present study demonstrate that MCT and MAC can make some changes in aggression styles of anxious soccer players. MCT have been affecting on passive-aggressive and somatic aggression styles. In addition, MAC have been affecting on sadistic and masochistic aggression styles. According to these findings, it would ensure that soccer players affected by anxiety and aggression-related problems get the opportunity to gain advantages from such third wave’s interventions.

The Predictive Role Of Cognitive Flexibility And Cognitive Control On Aggression and Anger İn Sports

At the time of competition, athletes experience instant emotional change and stress in the face of both adaptation and change demands. Therefore, athletes need skills such as cognitive control and cognitive flexibility to control their aggression and anger during stress while competing. From this point of view, the research aims to determine the role of cognitive control over emotions, evaluation and coping flexibility in aggression and anger in sports and to examine their relationships according to some variables. The study group of the research consists of a total of 442 athletes, 205 females (46.4%) and 237 males (53.6%). "Competitive Aggressiveness and Anger Scale" and "Cognitive Control and Flexibility Scale" were used in the research. Descriptive statistics, MANOVA Test and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) were used for data analysis. In the findings of the research, it was seen that the aggression mean scores of males were high, and anger and aggression mean scores were higher in athletes who smokes and used alcohol. Another important result of the study is that cognitive control over emotions and evaluation and coping flexibility explain 17% of the total variance in aggression and anger in sports. In particular, it can be said that cognitive control over emotions has a higher effect on determining aggression and anger in sports.

Breast Injury in USA Female Water Polo Athletes

Water polo is a very physical and aggressive sport and injury data for male water polo athletes is well established. However, the data is very scarce for women. Given that a recent study identified that almost half (47.9%) of female collegiate athletes experienced a breast injury during participation in basketball, soccer, volleyball, and softball, it warrants the investigation of the prevalence of female breast injuries during participation in water polo.

Study of Sports Psychological Variables in Relation to Different Playing Positions in Field Hockey

The Study is an attempt to find out the impact of level of Sports Competition Anxiety and Sports Aggression of National/Inter-University Hockey players with respect to different playing positions. The subjects were classified into Attackers and Defenders based on their playing positions as the Full Backs and Half-Backs were categorized into Defenders and Inside Forwards, Wingers and Centre Forwards were classified into Forwards based on the traditional playing positions in Asian Style of Field Hockey and a total of 100 subjects were selected, out of which 50 were attacker male hockey players and 50 were defender male hockey players. The age of the subjects ranged from 18 to 24 years. To measure the level of Anxiety the standardized test of Sports Competition Anxiety Test constructed by Marten et al., 1990 and for the psychological variable of Aggression the standardized test of Sports Aggression Inventory developed and prepared by Prof. Anand Kumar Shrivastava and Prem Shankar Shukla was used. The independent samples t-test was applied to assess the significance of difference among the attacker and defender playing positions of national level male hockey players. After analyzing the results of the study, it was concluded that there was no significant difference on the psychological variable of Anxiety but there was significant difference between the aggression level of attacker and defender male hockey players.

Prediction of Sports Aggression Behavior and Analysis of Sports Intervention Based on Swarm Intelligence Model

In the process of sports, athletes often have aggressive behaviors because of their emotional fluctuations. This violent sports behavior has caused many serious bad effects. In order to reduce and solve this kind of public emergencies, this paper aims to create a swarm intelligence model for predicting people's sports attack behavior, takes the swarm intelligence algorithm as the core technology optimization model, and uses the Internet of Things and other technologies to recognize emotions on physiological signals, predict, and intervene sports attack behavior. The results show the following: (1) After the 50-fold cross-validation method, the results of emotion recognition are good, and the accuracy is high. Compared with other physiological electrical signals, EDA has the worst classification performance. (2) The recognition accuracy of the two methods using multimodal fusion is improved greatly, and the result after comparison is obviously better than that of single mode. (3) Anxiety, anger, surprise, and sadness are the most detected emotions in the model, and the recognition accuracy is higher than 80%. Sports intervention should be carried out in time to calm athletes' emotions. After the experiment, our model runs successfully and performs well, which can be optimized and tested in the next step.

A SKILL RELATED FITNESS TEST FOR RACKET SPORTS -AN OVERVIEW

ABSTRACT In this study, the objective is to provide knowledge regarding skill-related fitness tests of racket sports for players to identify their fitness ability, which will help them improve their performance. Racket sports is considered to be a powerful and aggressive sport, so the players require adequate physical fitness to succeed. The literature shows that there has never been a fitness test made for racket sports players, but skill-related fitness tests have been made before, so the researcher wants to motivate these researchers to construct a fitness test for racket sports to help coaches, physical educators, and players to evaluate their fitness capacity and develop training programs. Keywords:- Skill , Racket Sports, Physical Fitness ,Correlation And Evaluation

Investigation of Empathy Skills and Moral Decision-Making Attitudes in Athlete Students in Terms of Some Variables

It is observed that the appearance of aggression and violent anti-social behavior in sports contradicts the Olimpia culture inherent in sports. Therefore, this research was conducted in order to reveal the causes and consequences of negative behaviors observed in sports, to examine the empathy skills and moral decision-making attitudes of athletes in terms of different variables. The research was arranged by the screening survey model. A total of 319 athletes, 180 men, and 139 women, engaged in individual and team sports in the city where the research was conducted, voluntarily participated in this research. Personal information form, “Prediction in Sports and Empathy in Sports” and “Attitudes to Moral Decision-making in Youth Sport Questionnaire” were applied to the participants. In the analysis of the data, the Manova test and the LSD test were used to determine the source of the difference. As a result of the research, while a significant difference was found in favor of men in terms of gender in empathy skills(p < .05); there was not found a significant difference in terms of sports branch and sports year(p > .05). In terms of the sports year variable, the moral decision-making attitude scores of individuals who have just started sports (0-2 years) compared to individuals who have been doing sports for a long time(9+ years) were found to be higher and this result was found to indicate a statistically significant difference(p < .05). There was not found a significant difference in moral decision-making attitudes scores in terms of sports year and gender.

A new team sport club aggression scale and its relationship with fans’ hatred, depression, self-reported aggression, and acceptance of aggression

ABSTRACT Aggression and antisocial behaviour in sport are of significant concern for team sport clubs (TSCs) around the world. Although several types of fan aggression and antisocial behaviour scales that have furthered our understanding of TSC aggression have been used in sport literature, a reliable and valid instrument that measures sport fans’ perceptions of both fan base aggression and team aggression in TSCs from a holistic perspective has not previously existed. This study developed and tested a scale that examines TSC aggression through two different measures: fan aggression, which measures fans’ perceptions of the behaviour of their favourite team’s fan base, and team aggression, which measures fans’ perceptions of their favourite team’s (i.e., coach’s, players’, and management’s) aggression. The scale was calibrated and validated in three studies, one that used exploratory factor analysis, one that used confirmatory factor analysis, and one that used nomological network validity. Each study was distinct from the others and employed separate and independent samples. The data for all the studies were collected from an internet panel. The participants were Israeli Soccer fans. The findings show that the club aggression scale (CAS) has positive, direct, and significant relationships with self-reported aggression and perceptions of the appropriateness of aggression among sport fans. In addition, fans’ hatred of rival teams and depression as a result of their team’s performance significantly and positively mediate these relationships. From a managerial perspective, better understanding fans’ perception of TSC aggression can assist managers in their attempts to reduce violence.