Aggravated Assault Research Articles

The effect of a paramedic system on mortality of major open intra-abdominal vascular trauma.

In a 12-year period (1970-1981), there were 112 patients operated on with major open intra-abdominal vascular trauma (MOIVT). These were any penetrating injuries to the aorta, inferior vena cava, portal vein, or their primary branches. Sixty-four patients were treated without benefit of paramedics. Only four of 43 patients who had emergency department blood pressures of 60 mm Hg or greater upon entry died (9.3%), whereas 18 of 21 (85.7%) patients with blood pressures of less than 60 mm Hg died (p less than 0.0001). Forty-eight of the 112 patients have been treated by paramedics during the past 4 years. Entry level blood pressures are those first recorded by the paramedics in the field. The mortality in those with blood pressures of 60 mm Hg or greater remained essentially unchanged. However, 11 of 22 patients with blood pressures of less than 60 mm Hg survived compared to three of 21 (p less than 0.025). Over the past 12 years, the community's homicide rate has been stable (71/yr), but the case incidence of MOIVT has risen from an average of 8/yr to 12/yr during the paramedic years. The average annual aggravated assault rate increased from 796 to 1,119. It is believed the improvement in the salvage rate is due to early intervention by trained paramedics functioning within a trauma care system.

Professional's attitudes toward violence in close relationships.

I nterspousal violence (violence between any two adults involved in an intimate relationship) is a complex problem. It has its roots in historical attitudes toward women, the institution of marriage, the economy, the health care delivery system, and the intricacies of criminal and civil law. A multitude of issues must be considered when addressing this violence and intervention. This project evolved when each of us, in separate experiences, became aware of holding substantively inappropriate attitudes about the victims of abuse. For each of us, relatively minor educational efforts stimulated remarkably increased consciousness. Of the 47 million couples living together in the United States, an estimated I .‘7 million spouses have experienced violence involving the use of a knife or gun, and over 2 million spouses have experienced one spouse’s assaulting the other.’ The Federal Bureau of Investigation reports that about one fourth of all murders occur within the family, and over half of these involve spouses.” Statistics for nonlethal injury are masked in other crime records, ED statistics, and divorce statistics. In 1976, marital violence was involved in 75% of all reported aggravated assaults in Washington, DC. Lawyers in Maryland and in Washington, DC, estimated that 50% of all marriages involved some degree of physical abuse. Two thousand cases of wife beating (estimated to be underreported by 40%) were recorded in Fairfax County alone in 1977.’

Deviant Behavior: Crime, Conflict and Interest Groups

PART I. 1.Perspectives on Deviants. Who Is Deviant? The Rational Deviant - The Classical School. The Deviant as Determined - Positivist Criminology. Physical Characteristics of Deviants - Early Approaches. Heredity and Mental Deficiencies. Physical Characteristics Revisited. Personality Defects and Attributes. Sociobiology - Trailblazing or Backtracking? 2.Perspectives on Deviance. Economic Influences. Anomie. Subcultures of Deviance. Control Theory. 3.Why Is Certain Behavior Deviant? Labeling Perspective. Conflict Perspectives. Once Again: What Is Deviant? Interest Group Conflict and Deviance. PART II. 4.Crime in the Streets - Against the Person. Measuring Crime. Murder and Aggravated Assault. Forcible Rape. Violent Sex and Conflict. 5.Crime in the Streets - Against Property. Robbery. Burglary. Motor Vehicle Theft. Larceny-Theft. Arson. Larceny in the American Heart. 6.Assaults against Children and Spouses. Physical Abuse of Children. Spouse Abuse. Sexual Abuse of Children. 7.Deviance and Organizations. Employee Theft. Police Corruption. Corporate Deviance. Organized Crime. PART III. 8.Deviant Drug Use. Drug Use as Deviance. Alcohol. Heroin. Marijuana. Cocaine. Drug Control: The Great American Flop. 9.Mental Disorders. What Is Mental Disorder? Correlates of Mental Disorder. Disease or Label? Conflict and the Therapeutic State. 10.Cyberdeviance. The Computer Underground. Sexual Deviance and Cyberspace. 11.Sexual Deviance: Prostitution and Homosexuality. Prostitution. Homosexuality. Name Index. Subject Index.

Crime in the Cities: Improving the Administration of Criminal Justice

For these people-that is, for the 70 percent of Americans who live in cities-freedom is threatened most of all by the spreading incidence of crime. The most elementary freedoms of allagainst arbitrary interference with one's bodily security or property are in growing jeopardy. As a result, a deepening concern over law enforcement pervades urban society-in the ghettoes of Harlem no less than in the row houses of Queens. This concern is justified, for fear and freedom go ill together. In the past five years alone, the rate of serious crimes reported across the country has risen by over one-third. Even allowing, as we should, for improved crime reporting methods, the problem is grave. On an average day in the United States in 1965, a robbery occurred every five minutes, an aggravated assault every three minutes, and a car theft every minute. And there are indications that many more such crimes go totally unreported and are therefore not reflected in these statistics. Concern over crime in cities is of course not new.

Patterns in Criminal Aggravated Assault

Patterns in Criminal Aggravated Assault