Age Limit Research Articles

Adapting the Fitness Criteria for Non-Intensive Treatments in Older Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia to the Use of Venetoclax-Hypomethylating Agents Combination-Practical Considerations from the Real-Life Experience of the Hematologists of the Rete Ematologica Lombarda.

A retrospective survey was conducted in hematologic centres of the Rete Ematologica Lombarda (REL) on 529 older AML patients seen between 2020-2022. Compared to 2008-2016, the use of intensive chemotherapy (ICT) decreased from 40% to 18.1% and of hypomethylating agents (HMAs) from 19.5% to 13%, whereas the combination of Venetoclax/HMA, initially not available, increased from 0% to 36.7%. Objective treatment-specific fitness criteria proposed by SIE/SIES/GITMO in 2013 allow an appropriate choice between ICT and HMAs by balancing their efficacy and toxicity. Venetoclax/HMA, registered for patients unfit to ICT, has a unique toxicity profile because of prolonged granulocytopenia and increased infectious risk. Aiming at defining specific fitness criteria for the safe use of Venetoclax/HMA, a preliminary investigation was conducted among expert REL hematologists, asking for modifications of SIE/SIES/GITMO criteria they used to select candidates for Venetoclax/HMA. While opinions among experts varied, a general consensus emerged on restricting SIE/SIES/GITMO criteria for ICT-unfit patients to an age limit of 80-85, cardiac function > 40%, and absence of recurrent lung infections, bronchiectasis, or exacerbating COPD. Also, the presence of an adequate caregiver was considered mandatory. Such expert opinions may be clinically useful and may be considered when treatment-specific fitness criteria are updated to include Venetoclax/HMA.

Improved Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (ECPR) Outcomes Is Associated with a Restrictive Patient Selection Algorithm.

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a leading cause of mortality. Despite decades of intensive research and several technological advancements, survival rates remain low. The integration of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) has been recognized as a promising approach in refractory OHCA. However, evidence from recent randomized controlled trials yielded contradictory results, and the criteria for selecting eligible patients are still a subject of debate. This study is a retrospective analysis of refractory OHCA patients treated with ECPR. All adult patients who received ECPR, according to the hospital algorithm, from 2013 to 2021 were included. Two different algorithms were used during this period. A "permissive" algorithm was used from 2013 to mid-2016. Subsequently, a revised algorithm, more "restrictive", based on international guidelines, was implemented from mid-2016 to 2021. Key differences between the two algorithms included reducing the no-flow time from less than three minutes to zero minutes (implying that the cardiac arrests must occur in the presence of a witness with immediate CPR initiation), reducing low-flow duration from 100 to 60 min, and lowering the age limit from 65 to 55 years. The aim of this study is to compare these two algorithms (permissive (1) and restrictive (2)) to determine if the use of a restrictive algorithm was associated with higher survival rates. A total of 48 patients were included in this study, with 23 treated under Algorithm 1 and 25 under Algorithm 2. A significant difference in survival rate was observed in favor of the restrictive algorithm (9% vs. 68%, p < 0.05). Moreover, significant differences emerged between algorithms regarding the no-flow time (0 (0-5) vs. 0 (0-0) minutes, p < 0.05). Survivors had a significantly shorter no-flow and low-flow time (0 (0-0) vs. 0 (0-3) minutes, p < 0.01 and 40 (31-53) vs. 60 (45-80) minutes, p < 0.05), respectively. The present study emphasizes that a stricter selection of OHCA patients improves survival rates in ECPR.

Management preferences of orthopedic surgeons in developmental dysplasia of the hip under 1 year of age in Türkiye: Results of a nationwide cross-sectional survey.

This study aimed to evaluate the diagnosis and treatment preferences of orthopedic surgeons in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) cases under the age of 1 in Türkiye with a higher incidence of DDH, estimated to be around 5-15 per 1000 live births. This was a nationwide cross-sectional survey. A link for the online survey, including 16 multiple-choice questions, was sent to the email group of the National Orthopedic Society. Among 233 filled-out surveys, 211 met the inclusion criteria. Half of the participants had experience of <10 years as orthopedic surgeons, managed <25% of pediatric patients in daily practice, and treated <25 DDH cases per year before walking age. Ninety-seven percent used more than one method, hip ultrasound the most common, for exact diagnosis of DDH under 6 months. Pavlik harness was the most commonly preferred brace, but the use of Tübingen orthosis increased among experienced surgeons. The uppermost age limit for bracing was higher in surgeons dealing with more pediatric patients and treating more DDH cases. Dislocated hips and hips requiring closed/open reduction were more commonly referred to other surgeons by less experienced surgeons in terms of years, number of pediatric patients, and treated DDH cases per year. The lowest age limit for intervention under general anesthesia was lower in surgeons treating >25 DDH cases per year. Over one-third used both anterior and medial approach open reduction, but a trend to anterior open reduction alone was more evident in surgeons treating >50 DDH cases per year. More experienced surgeons were more prone to check the intraoperative reduction with postoperative computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Diagnosis and treatment ages of DDH cases did not significantly change during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Management preferences of orthopedic surgeons in DDH before walking age primarily depend on the rate of pediatric patients in daily practice and the number of treated DDH cases per year.

Female Homicide Victims in Cook County, Illinois: A Retrospective Review.

Female homicide is a broad term that includes any homicide in which the victim is a female, representing the most extreme form of violence against women. This study investigated the characteristics of female homicides to determine the types and characteristics of injury, circumstances of the events, and other aspects in this specific population. The Cook County Medical Examiner's Office files were searched for homicides in female subjects between January 2017 and January 2022, with no limits for age, race, or cause of death. A total of 527 cases met the criteria. Most homicides occurred in Chicago during the summer. The most common cause of death was firearm(s) wounds, followed by sharp force traumas, asphyxia, and blunt force injuries. The remaining deaths were due to combined and "other" mechanisms. Different patterns of injuries were observed at the autopsy. Alleged offenders were mostly male subjects and were frequently in a romantic relationship with the victim, and the reasons for homicide were related to jealousy and personal conflicts. This study offers an overview of homicidal deaths in female subjects in a large metropolitan area.

Recontextualization of the Constitutional Court's Decision on the Presidential Age Limit in @Kompascom and @TVOneNews

Recontextualization of the Constitutional Court's Decision on the Presidential Age Limit in @Kompascom and @TVOneNews

Maturation of Marriage Age According to Bkkbn in Juridical, Psychological, and Economic Perspectives

Law No. 1 of 1974 article 7 paragraph 1 regarding the age limit of marriage is considered no longer relevant to the present; therefore, the government stipulates the latest regulation of Law No. 16 of 2019 regarding the age limit of marriage. There are various perspectives on the age limit of marriage from the perspectives of Islamic law, law, and BKKBN. The problem that arises is the updated law not being able to provide the best solution regarding the minimum age limit for marriage in Indonesia, due to various aspects ranging from juridical, psychological, and economic aspects, considered not ready to live a married life. This study aims to describe the recommended age limit for marriage for both men and women, and also describes the reasons after being seen from juridical, psychological, and economic aspects. This research uses library research, while the research method used is descriptive analysis, which is to analyze the impact of getting married at an age that is still in the teens or the latest law for men and women of 19 years from a juridical, psychological, and economic perspective. From this explanation, it can be concluded that women aged 21 years and men aged 25 years are considered to be juridically capable, able to regulate emotions psychologically, have a more stable economy, and a more decent job.&#x0D; Keywords: maturation of marriage age, ideal age

Judges' Considerations in Agreeing to Marriage Dispensation Maqāșid Syarī'ah Perspective

In the case of the marriage age limit stated in Law Number 1 of 1974 which has been amended by Law Number 16 of 2019, where the marriage age limit was changed to 19 years for men and women. The minimum age requirement for marriage has been widely applied for dispensation at the Sukadana Religious Court due to increases in applications every year. The rise in the number of requests for dispensation is largely due to pregnancies outside of marriage. In granting or adjudicating a marriage dispensation case, the judge considers several provisions based on legislation and Islamic Compilation Law (KHI) in terms of maqāṣid syarī'ah. The aim of granting a marriage dispensation is to provide benefits for the applicants. This type of research is qualitative. Data collection were done by conducting field research interviews with descriptive analysis. Data sources used were primary and secondary. In terms of results, the judge considers the application for marriage dispensation based on Law Number 7 of 1989 concerning Religious Courts, which was amended by Law Number 3 of 2006. Law Number 1 of 1974 which has been changed to Law Number 16 of 2019 Concerning Age Change, PERMA Number 5 of 2019 Concerning Guidelines for Adjudicating Marriage Dispensation Applications, and Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) in granting marriage dispensation from a maqāṣid syarī'ah perspective, prioritizing benefits and avoiding harm that will be caused if the application for marriage dispensation is granted or not and reviewed from maqāṣid syarī'ah. The judge's consideration in granting the marriage dispensation is appropriate and includes elements of maqāṣid syarī'ah.&#x0D; Keywords: judge's considerations, dispensation of marriage, Maqāṣid Syarī'ah

Differential evolution for cleft lip and/or cleft palate patient treatment scheduling problems: a northern Thailand hospital case study

Cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) are the common birth defects that result when facial structures developing in an unborn baby do not close completely. To design for treatment schedule, some constraints including hospital eligibility constraints, capacity limitations, treatment age limitations, multi-hospital assignment, and multidisciplinary care team assignment should be determined. However, efficient treatment scheduling is difficult owing to the complicated conditions of specific treatment. This paper presents a multi-objective mathematical model of the CL/P patient treatment scheduling problem in order to minimize the makespan, travel distance, and total least preference assignment score. Since the problem is NP-hard, a solution method is developed based on differential evolution (DE) with particular encoding and decoding schemes for solving the CL/P patient treatment scheduling problem. The performance of DE is evaluated and compared the results with those obtained from the modified particle swarm optimization. The results show that DE is capable of finding high-quality solutions with fast convergence. To apply the proposed approach for a case study, the CL/P patient treatment scheduling program is formulated. The program can be a decision support system in helping the administrators to schedule the patients in order to identify a list of selected treatments, assign each operation of patients to the selected hospital, and intelligently identify the period of the selected treatments.

KONSTITUSIONALITAS PERUBAHAN USIA CALON PRESIDEN DAN CALON WAKIL PRESIDEN DALAM NEGARA HUKUM DEMOKRASI.

As a state of law, Indonesia's system of government is based on the principle of the constitution. As a consequence, democracy has become a system that is implemented through the holding of general elections for president and vice president. The change in the age limit of presidential and vice-presidential candidates in Article 169 letter q of Law Number 7/2017 has undergone changes in accordance with the Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XX 11/2023 which has caused controversy from various parties, namely the Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XX 11/2023 has the potential to violate the principles in the exercise of judicial power, has a major impact on the good name of the Constitutional Court and Indonesian law, and there are a number of irregularities in several decisions of the Constitutional Court that test the constitutionality of Article 169 letter q. This research uses a normative juridical method. The research method in this study is the normative juridical method. The type of data used by the author is secondary data with primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. Data collection techniques in the form of documents or library materials on secondary legal data. The data analysis method in this research is descriptive qualitative. The results showed that the age limit for presidential and vice presidential candidates is regulated in Article 169 letter q of Law Number 7/2017 on General Elections. The series of legal rules for the election of the president and vice president in accordance with the mandate of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Article 22E are set out in several amendments to the rules, namely Law Number 23 of 2003, the second amendment is contained in Law Number 42 of 2008 concerning General Elections of the President and Vice President and finally amended into Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections. The implications of changes in the age of presidential and vice-presidential candidates in a democratic legal state as outlined in Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 are essentially adding norms that should not be in accordance with the initial principles of the Constitutional Court (testing the constitutionality of existing norms), the Constitutional Court's decision cannot be separated from the political context, the Constitutional Court's decision was not taken unanimously because there were differences of opinion among the panel of judges, and there were several striking anomalies, especially in the considerations presented in the dissenting opinion and concurring opinion

Is Marriage Age Restriction Un-Islamic? (Comparative Study of Indonesia and Pakistan with Gender Perspective)

Like a recent epidemic, child marriages are prevalent not only in Indonesia but also in Pakistan. Even though both countries have ratified CEDAW and have laws and regulations governing the age of marriage. However, the BPS data (2020-2022) shows that the number of underage marriages are still high in several regions, with up to 34,000 applicants for marriage dispensation in 2022 in Indonesia. Likewise, the phenomenon also occurs in Pakistan, as its Human Rights Commission in Lahore in 2022 stated that at least 99 cases of child marriage were reported to them. Why is it difficult for the two countries to suppress the number of child marriages? Is it because the age limit for marriage is not Islamic? And what are the countermeasures from a gender perspective? Using the comparative method of laws in Indonesia and Pakistan from secondary sources, it can be concluded that these two countries are predominantly Muslim. Although the legal systems used in both countries are plural, where the law of marriage is still strong in Islamic law, and regarding the application of the marriage age, both the countries have attempted to have an age limit. Even though in the Islamic conception there is no age limit for marriage and only aqil and baliq are required, which according to most scholars stipulate that the age of aqil baliq is not the same as one another. This shows that the age limit for marriage is very Islamic because it is for the benefit of the child. Apart from that social culture poverty and promiscuity also contributed to the increase in the number of underage marriages. Therefore, it is necessary to fulfill the legal awareness of all parties, especially law enforcement in overcoming the negative impact on children’s rights (especially girls).&#x0D; Keywords: underage marriage, Islamic concept, children’s rights, gender perspective, comparative law

Smart Policing in Overcoming Sexting Emergency Among Adolescents

This research is motivated by the rampant cases of sexting among teenagers having a lot of negative impact on the victims. So protection and law enforcement are needed with the smart policing approach because sexting is a crime that utilizes technology. This study aims to determine legal protection for victims of sexting and law enforcement against sexting perpetrators through smart policing among adolescents. The type of research that the authors use is normative juridical. There are two forms of legal protection for victims of sexting among adolescents using Smart Policing, namely preventive and repressive legal protection. Preventive legal protection with Smart Policing, by providing information and appeals through social media owned by the Police. Meanwhile, repressive legal protection applies E-Policing, namely E-Dumas and online complaint websites. Law enforcement against sexting is talking about the sanctions contained in laws and regulations, namely the ITE Law and the Pornography Law. Apart from that it also pays attention to the provisions related to age, sanctions, and juvenile justice process limits, if the perpetrator of sexting is a child.&#x0D; Keywords: smart policing, sexting, adolescents

(NE)OPRAVDANOST SNIŽAVANJA STAROSNE GRANICE NASTUPANJA KRIVIČNE ODGOVORNOSTI U FEDERACIJI BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE

In the middle of 2023, a thirteen-year-old elementary school student in Lukavac (Bosnia and Herzegovina) shot a teacher with a firearm, causing him life-threatening injuries. It happened just one month after a much more monstrous crime had been committed by his peer in a school in Belgrade. Taking into consideration that in accordance with the positive (juvenile) criminal legislation in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, young persons of that age cannot be prosecuted by the criminal justice authorities, because the age limit for the onset of criminal responsibility is 14 years, in light of the aforementioned events, one of the vice presidents of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina submitted an initiative to the competent Ministry of Justice to amend the relevant legislation by lowering, or redefining the age limit for the onset of criminal responsibility. The paper presents different models of defining the age limits of criminal responsibility in comparative law, as well as tendencies related to their lowering, i.e. raising in the national laws of countries around the world in the last few decades. After that, the paper analyses the relevant international and supranational legal standards in this area, as well as the results of certain (neuro) scientific research related to this issue. Based on all of the above, it is concluded that the initiative to lower or redefine the age of criminal responsibility in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina does not have a valid scientific and legal foundation and that it represents a kind of moral panic and penal populism.

Non-stapled, total laparoscopic Roux-en-Y anastomosis: A safe and effective procedure for radical pediatric choledochal cyst excision

BackgroundLaparoscopic or robot-assisted surgery has become the main pediatric minimal invasive surgery for a choledochal cyst (CDC). However, the Roux-en-Y jejunal limb was created extracorporeally in most reports and intracorporeally in a few reports using an endoscopic stapler. Objectives/methodsTo investigate the safety and feasibility of non-stapled laparoscopic Roux-en-Y reconstruction in the radical treatment of congenital choledochal cysts (CDC). Between January 2019 and February 2023, 40 patients diagnosed with CDC underwent non-stapled laparoscopic Roux-en-Y reconstruction (non-stapled totally laparoscopic radical treatment, NTLR), 40 patients underwent conventional reconstruction (conventional laparoscopic radical treatment, CLR) included as control. Their clinical data such as intraoperative blood loss, proportion of transit laparotomy, length of operation, postoperative fasting times, postoperative drainage time, postoperative hospital stay, hospitalization cost, and postoperative complications were retrospectively analyzed. Conclusionnon-stapled laparoscopic Roux-en-Y reconstruction is feasible and safe in total laparoscopic radical treatment of CDC. It may have the following advantages: rapid recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function, short hospitalization, no age limit on the patient and no additional hospitalization costs, which is worthy of promotion and application.

Current trends in bariatric surgery in patients older than 65 years in Poland.

&lt;b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Introduction:&lt;/b&gt; It is already known that bariatric surgery can improve the health and quality of life of morbidly obese patients of all ages. Our population is getting older. That is why the number of bariatric surgeries among obese people over 65 years of age is systematically increasing.&lt;/br&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Aims:&lt;/b&gt; The study aims to analyze the management of patients over 65 years of age in Polish bariatric centers.&lt;/br&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Material and methods:&lt;/b&gt; The study was conducted on representatives from the 30 largest bariatric departments in Poland. By collecting surveys, we aimed to analyze changes in qualifications for surgery and care for elderly patients.&lt;/br&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; 13 of 30 (43.3%) representatives responded to the survey. The remaining centers did not qualify patients over 65 years old for the surgical treatment of obesity. The mean percentage of patients over 65 who underwent bariatric surgery was 2.75. Most representatives (69.2%) chose SG as the procedure of choice in patients over 65 years of age. According to 84.6% of surgeons, age did not matter when qualifying patients over 65 years of age for BS. The majority of surgeons (53.8%) believed that bariatric surgery in older patients was comparable to the one in younger patients. Nine (69.2%) surgeons believed that there should be no age limit for bariatric surgery.&lt;/br&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Only almost half of the bariatric centers in Poland perform operations on patients over 65 years of age. Most Polish surgeons claim that operations on older and on younger patients have comparable benefits, and that there is no need for age limit.&lt;/br&gt.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СТАНУ ЕКОНОМІЧНО АКТИВНОГО НАСЕЛЕННЯ КРАЇНИ

The article examines the essential characteristics of the state of the economically active population and defines its specific characteristics under the conditions of the Russian war in Ukraine. It is shown that the state of the economically active population is not stable, unchanged, which is explained by the presence of certain reasons. Among them, the following are highlighted: 1) a single, original element of the economically active population is a single person with his physiological and age limitations; 2) employment and unemployment are always derived from the degree of business activity in the country's national economy; 3) force majeure circumstances may occur in real life (natural disasters, military actions, etc.). It was noted that now, under the conditions of the war, there is a significant, almost critical excess of the outflow of the able-bodied population over its inflow. Since the definition of the concept of "economically active population" is based on the criterion of work, the work first, on the basis of an abstract-logical approach, defines the characteristic features of the processes of modern labor activity of working people, and then singles out negative changes in the content and nature of work during the destructive war. when workers are subjected to additional, significant physical, psychological and stressful load, the level of danger in labor activity increases. At the same time, emphasis was placed on the fundamentally new, positive trends of uniting workers into united labor teams with unified values and increased responsibility of each, due to the focus of all Ukrainians on achieving victory in the war. Some attention is paid to considering the problem of unemployment during the war, approaches to reducing the gap between the number of officially registered unemployed and the availability of job vacancies. The need to strengthen state regulation of all processes related to the state of the economically active population and intensifying the search for reserves to increase the efficiency of the use of the country's human production potential is substantiated. At the same time, the intensification of the activities of state employment services is of great importance, since they have a more reliable information base on the state of the economically active population at the territorial level.

On the Limits of Chronological Age

On the Limits of Chronological Age

On the Limits of Chronological Age

On the Limits of Chronological Age

New methods for detection of early loss of rapid flicker, spatial vision, and chromatic sensitivity in glaucoma

Purpose: To examine whether ocular hypertension and early glaucoma cause measurable changes in spatial vision, rapid flicker sensitivity and red/green and yellow/blue colour vision.Methods: We examined subjects aged 40 to 78 years with ocular hypertension (OHT), primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), normal tension glaucoma (NTG), and age matched controls. Monocular best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was tested using EDTRS charts.VA and Functional Contrast Sensitivity (FCS) with Landolt ring stimuli of both positive and negative contrast were also measured monocularly with the Acuity‐Plus test. Red/green (RG) and yellow/blue (YB) colour thresholds were measured with the Colour Assessment and Diagnostics (CAD) test. Photopic (cone‐enhanced) and mesopic (rod‐enhanced) rapid flicker thresholds were measured at the fovea (0°) and at an eccentricity of 5° in each of the four quadrants using the Flicker‐Plus test. All subjects had their visual fields measured using the Humphrey visual field analyser (24–2 SITA standard protocol). Peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (pRNFLT) and macular retinal layer thicknesses were measured using the Heidelberg Spectralis OCT.Results: The mean, logMAR BCVA for OHT patients was 0.00 and for POAG and NTG patients was −0.10 and 0.10, respectively. For control participants, mean logMAR BCVA was 0.00. Mean pRNFL thickness was significantly reduced for glaucoma patients (59.5 ± 7.7 μm) as compared to control subjects (94.6 ± 5.13 μm) and OHT patients (115.5 ± 3.5 μm). POAG and NTG patients showed significantly higher colour thresholds (mean red/green threshold 4.97, blue/yellow 5.28 CAD units) compared to control subjects (mean red/green threshold 2.07, blue/yellow 1.62 CAD units). One OHT patient showed acquired loss of blue/yellow colour vision (3.23 CAD units), with normal VA. The Acuity‐Plus test which employs briefly presented stimuli, also revealed significant loss of VA (3.78 and 3.64 min of arc) and FCS (141.32% and 100%) in an NTG patient, with results outside normal limits for both positive and negative contrast, respectively. Central FCS was higher and outside the normal age limits for POAG patients (73.41% and 89.27%) as compared to age matched controls (61.27% and 33.63%). OHT patients, on the other hand, produced FCS thresholds within normal limits. Flicker modulation thresholds were higher for both rod and cone enhanced stimulus conditions in glaucoma and OHT patients, when compared to control subjects.Conclusion: The results reveal non‐uniform, losses that can affect selectively each of the visual attributes examined in this study. These preliminary findings suggest that in addition to VA and FCS tests, colour vision and rapid flicker sensitivity should also be examined in patients with optic nerve pathologies like glaucoma.

Analysis of Stress-Coping Behavior of Female Tahfiz students at an Islamic Boarding School X Semarang City: A Cross-Sectional Study

Maha santri tahfiz is a term for students who live in Islamic boarding schools and are memorizing the Quran with a load three times heavier because of college, as students and memorizers of the Qur’an who must be strict in managing their time, which causes them to be often depressed so that they are easily stressed. The purpose of the study was to analyze the coping behavior of female tahfiz students. The research uses a quantitative method with a cross sectional approach. The population is 60 students with a total sampling sample. The results showed that age (p=0.036) was related to coping behavior, stress, emotion, focused coping, but not related to coping, stress, problem, focused coping. The variables of college majors, knowledge, attitudes, availability of facilities and infrastructure, availability of information, and attitudes and behaviors of the closest people are not related to the two behaviors of coping stress. Islamic boarding schools need to review the tahfiz program related to the minimum age limit and need preventive promotional efforts related to mental health problems from health and educational institutions in Islamic boarding schools

Senior-friendly concepts in the theory and practice of spatial planning – policy frameworks

With the current converging trends of urbanisation and population aging, but also shifting of the age limit for active aging and virtualization of daily activities, it is important to focus attention on the most vulnerable groups of citizens living in urban areas, who, in a rapidly changing world, face the threat of loneliness and isolation due to the degradation of physical or psychological health, social or cultural isolation, barriers in space, technological and communication barriers and the like. Seniorfriendly approaches in spatial planning concern mainly seniors (or persons at the end of an active life), but there are natural overlaps also towards the needs of other groups with specific needs, as well as other persons of every social inclusion. The article summarizes the key opinion making institutions efforts (mostly United Nations and WHO) to help cities on their way to build an environment more friendly to older people, to facilitate the exchange of experiences and provide them with a supportive framework, and focuses on zooming in on the content of the WHO manual Measuring the Age-Friendliness of Cities. A Guide to Using Core Indicators, which represents a helpful tool for setting policy frameworks for cities by indicating a set of core and additional indicators for monitoring and evaluating progress in the friendliness of the urban environment to age. The manual was created in 2015 as the result of a structured preparation process with inputs generated from more than 40 communities across 15 countries, and a final pilot study involving 15 communities across 12 countries.