Age Group In Rural Area Research Articles

Proactive home-based malaria management in rural communities of Bassar Health District in northern Togo from 2014 to 2017: PECADOM + , a pilot experiment

BackgroundTogo's National Malaria Control Programme has initiated an active home-based malaria management model for all age groups in rural areas of Bassar Health District. This report describes the model, reports its main results, and determines the factors associated with positive rapid diagnostic test results.MethodsFrom 2014 to 2017, in three peripheral care units of Bassar Health District (Binaparba, Nangbani, and Baghan), community health workers visited residents' homes weekly to identify patients with malaria symptoms, perform rapid diagnostic tests in symptomatic patients, and give medication to positive cases. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the factors associated with positive tests.ResultsThe study covered 11,337 people (817 in 2014, 1804 in 2015, 2638 in 2016, and 6078 in 2017). The overall mean age was 18 years (95% CI 5–29; min–max: 0–112 years). The median age was 10 years (SD: 16.9). The proportions of people tested positive were 75.3% in Binaparba, 77.4% in Nangbani, and 56.6% in Baghan. The 5–10 age group was the most affected category (24.2% positive tests). Positive tests were more frequent during the rainy than during the dry season (62 vs. 38%) and the probability of positive test was 1.76 times higher during the rainy than during the dry season (adjusted OR = 1.74; 95% CI 1.60–1.90). A fever (37.5 °C or higher) increased significantly the probability of positive test (adjusted OR = 2.19; 95% CI 1.89–2.54). The risk of positive test was 1.89 times higher in passive than in active malaria detection (adjusted OR = 1.89; 95% CI 1.73–2.0).ConclusionsThis novel experimental community and home-based malaria management in Togo suggested that active detection of malaria cases is feasible within 24 h, which allows rapid treatments before progression to often-fatal complications. This PECADOM + program will help Togo's National Malaria Control Programme reduce malaria morbidity and mortality in remote and hard-to-reach communities.

Resident water conservation behaviors among different age groups in rural areas of the Weibei arid belt, China

Understanding water conservation behaviors across various age groups is crucial for developing effective water resource management strategies particularly in arid and semiarid zones. Based on a semi-structural questionnaire survey of 445 households in China's Weibei arid belt and extended Theory of Planned Behavior Model, a Structural Equation Model (SEM) was constructed to elucidate the age-related impact of water conservation knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control on water-saving behaviors. The results show that (1) youth group prioritizes personal hygiene and laundry activities whereas the elderly exhibit lower such requirements. (2) Water consumption varies significantly by age, with the elderly group consumes the least, averaging 62.26 L per capita per day (Lpcd), followed by the middle-aged group at 73.95 Lpcd, and the youth at the highest consumption rate of 84.60 Lpcd. (3) Influential factors on water conservation behavior differ substantially by age: Among the youth, water conservation behavior is strongly influenced by attitude in this domain (standardized path coefficient [SPC] = 0.32). The middle-aged group is influenced by subjective norms (SPC = 0.27) and attitudes toward water conservation (SPC = 0.27). Conversely, the elder group's behavior is dominated by knowledge (SPC = 0.35) and perceived control (SPC = 0.32). Given such distinct perceptions and behaviors of household water consumption, tailored water conservation strategies are essential of water conservation education through social media for youth, tiered pricing for the middle-aged, and water-saving subsidies to the elderly in the case areas.

Four-year analysis of high-risk human papillomavirus infection among women in rural areas of Nyingchi City, Tibet.

This study aims to address the existing data gap regarding the status of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection and the distribution of HR-HPV subtypes among women in rural areas of Nyingchi City, Tibet. The research objectives include providing insights for HPV vaccine development. The research collected data from two rounds of cancer screening conducted among rural women in Nyingchi City, Tibet, from 2019 to 2022. HR-HPV subtype gene detection was performed using the PCR fluorescence method on the collected samples. And then analyzed the HR-HPV infection rate among rural women in Nyingchi City, Tibet, as well as the infection rate of different HR-HPV subtypes and their distribution across different age groups. A comparison was made between the infection rates of women in rural areas outside the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and those in Nyingchi City. A total of 15,687 cases included. The overall HR-HPV infection rate among women in rural areas of Nyingchi City, Tibet, was 13.00% (2040/15,687), which was significantly higher than the rate among women in rural areas outside the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (7.82% (9,249/118,237); χ2 = 635.7, p < 0.001). The highest HPV infection rate was observed in the 35-39 age group, with a rate of 15.31% (499/3260), which was significantly higher than the rate of 7.22% (1827/25,322) among women in the same age group in rural areas outside the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (χ2 = 253.00, p < 0.001). The lowest HPV infection rate was found in the 50-54 age group, with a rate of 9.69% (246/2540), which was statistically different from the rate of 8.14% (1,604/19,698) among women in the same age group outside the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (χ2 = 17.68, p < 0.001). The top three HR-HPV subtypes among women in rural areas of Nyingchi City, Tibet, were HPV52 (20.15%, 411/2040), HPV16 (12.45%, 254/2040), and HPV58 (11.96%, 244/2040). These findings align with the top three HR-HPV subtypes among women in rural areas outside the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Furthermore, the top three HR-HPV subtypes among women aged 35-39, 40-44, and 45-49 in rural areas of Nyingchi City, Tibet, were HPV52, HPV16, and HPV58. In conclusion, the HR-HPV infection rate among women in rural areas of Nyingchi City, Tibet, is significantly higher compared to women in rural areas outside the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with consistent patterns observed in the distribution of the top three HR-HPV subtypes between the two regions.

A Study on Prevalence of Anaemia among Women in Reproductive Age Group in Rural Areas of Coastal Karnataka

BACKGROUND&#x0D; Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional disorder in the world. The most common type of anaemia is due to nutritional factors and is also found especially among women of reproductive age group, pregnant, and lactating mothers. Anaemia is indicative of poor nutrition and health. We wanted to estimate anaemia among women in the reproductive age group in rural areas of Coastal Karnataka in this study.&#x0D; METHODS&#x0D; A community-based cross-sectional study was done among women in the reproductive age group using an RDT kit in the rural areas of Coastal Karnataka. Villages were selected from Udupi and Dakshina Kannada districts of Coastal Karnataka.&#x0D; RESULTS&#x0D; Out of 540 subjects, 18.5% were in the age group of 30-34 followed by 16.8 % in the 40-44 years age group respectively. Based on the educational status, PUC level of education accounted for 40.9%. Among the study subjects, 477 were married, 60.1% had haemoglobin above 12mg/dl and 39.9% had less than 12mg/dl haemoglobin levels.&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS&#x0D; The prevalence of anaemia among women of reproductive age group in Coastal Karnataka is about 39.9%. Compared to NFHS 5 data the prevalence of anemia is lower in Coastal Karnataka.

Trends in Incidence Rates, Mortality Rates, and Age-Period-Cohort Effects of Female Breast Cancer - China, 2003-2017.

This study reported the trends in female breast cancer incidence and mortality rates in China, and analyzed the corresponding age-period-cohort effects. Data from 22 population-based cancer registries in China between 2003 and 2017 were analyzed. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) and mortality rates (ASMR) were calculated using Segi's world standard population. Joinpoint regression was employed to evaluate trends, and age-period-cohort effects were examined using the intrinsic estimator method. The ASIR for female breast cancer exhibited a more rapid increase in rural areas compared to urban areas across all age groups. The most substantial increase was observed in the 20-34 age group in rural areas [annual percent change (APC)=9.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 7.0%-11.0%, P<0.001]. The ASMR for females under 50 years old remained stable from 2003 to 2017 in both urban and rural areas. However, the ASMR for females over 50 in rural areas and those over 65 in urban areas demonstrated a significant increase, with the most pronounced increase observed among females over 65 in rural areas (APC=4.9%, 95% CI: 2.8%-7.0%, P<0.001). Age-period-cohort analysis revealed increasing period effects and decreasing cohort effects for female breast cancer incidence and mortality rates in both urban and rural settings. Notably, the cohort effect for incidence displayed a slight upward trend for females born between 1983 and 1992 in rural areas. Our study revealed a rapid increase in breast cancer incidence among younger generations and an accelerated mortality rate in older populations residing in rural areas. To effectively address the growing burden of female breast cancer in China, it is essential to develop and implement targeted intervention strategies.

Role of Gender in Household Health Expenditure Allocation in Pakistan

In this study, gender patterns in allocation of health expenditure have been investigated for Pakistan. Using Household Integrated Expenditure Survey (HIES) data for the year 2010-11, the conventional Engel curve as well as the Hurdle Methodology have been employed to detect gender biasness. Gender discrimination has been studied at three decision stages: reporting sick, consulting medical practitioners, and incurring positive medical expenditure. Results indicate that the nature of discrimination varies by age cohort and type of health seeking behaviour. There is a pro-female bias among women above the age of 40 in health expenditure allocation and a pro-male bias in consulting a doctor in working age group (26-40). These results reflect the possibility that females above 40, in Pakistan, are in general more likely to develop severe sickness and thus incur higher medical expenditure. The results also reveal an interesting reversal of the pro-male bias in health expenditure that is present for younger age cohorts particularly in the working age sample. Additionally, there is variation in the likelihood of consulting a doctor in younger age group in rural areas and lower income group.

Haemoglobin profile of women in reproductive age group in rural area of Maharashtra

Introduction: Anaemia is a very common but hidden health problem in Indian women affecting 48.8% in reproductive age group. Iron Deficiency is main cause though other factors may exacerbate it. Anaemia has long term consequences like increased maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. This study tries to assess haemoglobin profile in villages of Maval taluka and adopt intervention measures accordingly. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in villages of Maval taluka. Health camps were organised by UHTC and an NGO Disha in selected villages and all women who attended camps were included in study. A pretested structured questionnaire was used for study. Data thus collected was analysed using appropriate statistical methods. Results and Discussion: Out of 495 women who attended the camp, 480 consented for Haemoglobin estimation. 347 belonged to age group of 15-45 and 133 were above age of 45. 153 women had a purely vegetarian diet and 327 consumed mixed diet. 170 women out of 480 suffered from moderate to severe Anaemia. 293 women suffered from Mild degree of Anaemia. Anaemia was seen more in reproductive age group. No relation was seen between type of diet and Anaemia. Conclusion: Inspite of several efforts undertaken by public and private organisations, to combat Iron Deficiency Anemia, it remains a Public Health problem. There is need to develop more intensive and sustainable strategies to combat Anaemia at all levels.

Трансформация форм реализации способности человека к труду

The relevance of the solution to the problem of sustainable development is due to the current situation in the entire world economy, the aggravation of socioeconomic contradictions. The aim of this study is to gain an idea of the transformation trends in the main implementations of a person's ability to work in Russia. The author justifies the need to expand opportunities in the system of labour relations for a gradual and sustainable transition from labour as a need to work as a self-realization of the employed. The following conclusions were obtained. (1) The employed can be roughly equally divided into two groups in terms of the role of labour (labour as selfrealisation and labour as necessity). (2) It should be assumed that the implementation of a person's ability to work by representatives of each of these groups can be carried out in the form of wage and non-wage labour. (3) The desired trend is to create the conditions for expanding the possibilities of a gradual transition from labour as a necessity to labour as a self-realisation of those employed in each of these two forms. (4) The processes that take place in each of the forms differ in their results. (5) It is necessary to purposefully develop the national training system for professional workers of various levels of complexity and qualifications. (6) Entrepreneurial activity is not an exclusive economic activity. It can be considered both as a condition for personal self-realisation and as a necessary activity for a person. (7) Self-employment cannot be attributed only to non-wage labour. When analysing employment, it is necessary to take into account the heterogeneity of the group of the self-employed: the hired self-employed, the moonlighting self-employed, etc. The structure of self-employment at the macro-level and in Tomsk Oblast is approximately the same. (8) The trend for secondary employment should be its steady decline. Secondary employment itself contradicts the perception of labour as a condition for a person's self-realisation. The existing official data confirm the emerging trend towards its decline. (9) The presence of informal employment and its scale make it possible to judge about the degree of equality of opportunities for self-realisation through labour. (10) There is a significant reserve of labour, which needs to be more effectively and efficiently managed using one of the forms of implementing the ability to work (wage and non-wage labour). The highest level of underutilisation of the labour force is characteristic of the age group 15-24. One in four has no conditions for implementing their ability to work to the fullest. This group includes graduates of higher and secondary special educational institutions. The underutilisation rate of labour ability among women is higher compared to men. For all age groups in rural areas, the underemployment rate is higher than in urban areas.

Prevalence of Gingivitis and Correlation between Frequency of Brushing and Gingivitis in 3- to 15-Year-Old School Children in Rural Parts of Barabanki District, Uttar Pradesh, India

Background: In India, the majority population lives in rural areas where there is less awareness on the maintenance of oral health. At the rural level, less work has been done among children to determine the incidence of gingival disease and its relation to the cleaning rate. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate the prevalence of gingivitis among these masses. Aims and Objectives: The goal of the study was to determine the prevalence of gingivitis and its relation to the frequency of tooth brushing among school-going children between 3 and 15 years of age group in rural areas of Barabanki district, India. Materials and Methods: The study was done on a sample size of 1200 school-going children, in which 611 boys and 589 girls are there, from rural schools of Barabanki. The sample consisted of four age groups of children from 3 to 5 years, 6–9 years, 10–12 years, and 13–15 years of age. Gingival Index given by Loe and Silness was used to determine the severity of gingivitis. The data were evaluated using the Chi-square test. Results: The overall prevalence of gingivitis obtained was 86.17% and it was highly significant in relation to age groups. On comparing the frequency of brushing and gingivitis in all age groups it was revealed that twice daily brushing was significantly related to healthy gingiva. Conclusions: The study revealed a high prevalence rate of gingivitis among children in these age groups indicating oral health program is highly recommended for both parents and school children in rural areas to maintain oral hygiene.

Psychological Problems in Geriatric-Age Group in Rural Area

Background: The study focuses on the factors that affect psychological health, medical ailments, nutrition, family support to the elderly of the rural area in the Wardha district of Maharashtra and also the solutions of the same.&#x0D; Aim: To assess psychological problems in the geriatric age group in rural area.&#x0D; Objectives: To find out the occurrence of health problems, common psychological and physical stressors faced, and the percentage of old age people residing with family who feel neglected in rural areas.&#x0D; Methodology: Cross sectional study with simple random sampling of 200 elderly above 60yrs of age residing in rural area of Wardha district from February 1, 2020 to March 1, 2020 with a preformed questionnaire.&#x0D; Results: amongst the study sample, it was found that tobacco chewing (50%), anaemia (40%) and hypertension (46%) were found to be major physical stressors. While poor concentration (40%), sleep disturbances (50%) and family neglect (71%), increased health expenditure (82%), limitation in physical activity (48%), decrease in social life (68%) were common psychological stressors affecting the life of geriatric population.&#x0D; Conclusion: Based on the results of the above study, there is an crucial need for the government to make action plans regarding old age pensions, proper nutrition and essential health facilities and sustaining the moral values which can make the younger generations feel more responsible towards the geriatric age group.

Contraceptive practice among married women of reproductive age group in rural Telangana: a cross sectional study

Background: Contraceptive practice in India is known to be very heavily skewed towards terminal methods which mean that contraception in India is practiced primarily for birth limitation rather than birth planning. The objective of the study was to study contraceptive practice among married women of reproductive age in rural area.Methods: The study was a cross sectional study among married women with reproductive age group in rural areas of Sangareddy district carried out in Department of Community Medicine, MNR Medical College, Sangareddy, during November 2015 to February 2016. A total sample size of 113 women who are married in age group of 15-45 years and presumed to be sexually active were included in study. The data were collected using structured questionnaire and in-depth interview guide in local language. The collected data were analyzed with proper statistical methods using MS excel 2010.Results: Out of 113 women majority of women were in age group 20-29 years (52.21%). The utilization of contraceptive method was present in 52.21% women with oral contraceptive pills (23.89%) as a choice of method in majority of women.Conclusions: Hence, we conclude that still there is need to create awareness regarding importance of contraception among rural women.

A study to assess the knowledge and practice regarding menstrual hygiene among women in reproductive age group in rural area, Erayamangalam

A study to assess the knowledge and practice regarding menstrual hygiene among women in reproductive age group in rural area, Erayamangalam

Knowledge regarding reproductive health among women of reproductive age group in three sub-centre areas of a primary health center, Sarjapur, Bengaluru, Karnataka: a cross sectional study

Background: Reproductive health plays a significant role in a woman’s life. Women of child bearing age group in developing countries suffer ill health due to lack of knowledge on reproductive health issues. The objective of the present study was to assess the knowledge regarding reproductive health among women and the associated socio-demographic factors.Methods: A total of 345 women of age group 15-44 years were recruited using cluster sampling in 15 clusters from among 28 villages under a Primary Health Center from May to July 2017. Data on sociodemographic details and knowledge of reproductive health under the following domains: menstruation, contraception, reproductive tract infections and marriage and pregnancy were collected using a modified interview schedule.Results: The mean age of the study population was 28.59±9.08 years. Majority of them belonged to age group 15-30 years (60%), attained school level education (55.7%), 45% were gainfully employed, married (65.5%) and from middle class (40.6%). It was found that out of 345 study population; only 19% had adequate knowledge on reproductive health. The proportion of women who had adequate knowledge in each domain was marriage and pregnancy (47.5%), menstruation (29.9%), contraception (17.4%) and least being reproductive tract infections (15%). Knowledge on reproductive health was significantly inadequate among women in the age group 31-44 years, illiterate women, who belongs to lower class and students. Only, socio-economic status and occupation were the significant predictors of knowledge.Conclusions: Knowledge regarding reproductive health was inadequate among women in reproductive age group in rural areas.

Assessment of family planning practices of women of reproductive age group in rural area of Jammu region

Background: Despite more than fifty years of implementation of National Family Planning and Welfare programme, unmet need for family Planning is still high which poses a big challenge for family planning programme. The aim is to reach all women whose reproductive behaviour requires one or the other forms of contraception but for various factors are not practicing them.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out amongst women of reproductive age group in the field practice area of Rural Health Training Centre of Dept. of Community Medicine of a Government Medical College, Jammu during the period of January to June 2018. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics committee prior to the start of the study. Total of 541 eligible couples attending the family welfare section were interviewed by the trained staff using the pre-tested questionnaire. The information about various family planning methods adopted by couple was elicited. Data was analysed by using appropriate test whenever necessary.Results: A total of 541 eligible couples were interviewed. Maximum couples were in the age group of 30-34 years. 300 (55.4%) couples were using one or the other method of family planning. Condoms were most commonly used method by 148 (49.3%) couples followed by oral contraceptive pills (30.6%). Among permanent methods of family planning, tubectomy was adopted by 10 (3.3%) and vasectomy only by 4 (1.3%) couples. No one was practising any miscellaneous method of contraception. The percentage of family planning methods used by Hindus was maximum (65%). Difference was also observed in the context of socio-economic status.Conclusions: Nearly half of eligible couples were not practising any method of contraception. There is need to increase motivation among eligible couples to increase adoption of permanent methods of contraception especially vasectomy.

Diaphyseal fractures in pediatric age group in rural area: A demographic study

Introduction: Fractures in children are a common occurrence. Fractures have a considerable impact on daily living and activities of affected children and thus are an important topic of public health. The present study aims to study the demographic aspects of diaphyseal fractures in children. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study conducted in a tertiary care rural hospital in Central India on children in the age group of 3–15 years between June 2017 and April 2019. A total of 38 fractures in 25 children were included in the study. Results: The incidence of fractures was found more common in boys (60%). Most of the fractures were seen in the age group of 11–15 years (68%). Fall from level ground while playing was reported to be the most common mode of trauma (56%), followed by road traffic accident. Twenty-eight percent of the patients presented to the hospital on the day of trauma. Among the bones fractured, both bone forearms were the most common (52%). Overall, left-sided fractures were more common (56%) than right sided (44%). Middle one-third shaft was the most commonly fractured level.Conclusions: Both bone forearms are the most common diaphyseal fractures in children and middle one-third is the most common level. Injury prevention programs will help in decreasing the incidence and morbidity associated with pediatric fractures.

Community activities predict disability and mortality in community-dwelling older adults.

With aging, it is important to maintain older community dwellers' regular engagement with familiar community activities (CA) engaged in close to home to protect them from frailty. Thus, the present study aimed to examine whether CA items or CA score were associated with mortality or the need for care under the new long-term care insurance service requirements over 3 years among community-dwelling older Japanese adults. We analyzed cohort data for older adults from a prospective cohort study in Kami town, Japan. The response rate to the self-reported questionnaire was 94.3% (n = 5094), and we followed these participants for 3 years. Our final sample comprised 5076 older adults. Missing data were filled in using multiple imputation. We used seven items to assess CA: (i) volunteer activity; (ii) regional activity related to the neighborhood; (iii) visiting friends; (iv) hobbies or favorite lessons; (v) earning an income; (vi) farm work and growing vegetables; and (vii) shopping daily by oneself. The Kihon Checklist and new long-term care insurance service certifications were used as the frailty screening and disability indices, respectively. During the follow-up survey, 705 participants obtained new long-term care insurance service certifications and 262 died. Using the receiver operating characteristic curve, the desirable cut-off of the CA score to predict disability and mortality was at least two items for all elderly age groups in rural areas. CA items and CA score could predict disability and mortality in community-dwelling older adults in Japanese rural areas. Therefore, it is recommended that older adults from all age groups participate in CA. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1114-1124.

Suicide in Castellon, 2009–2015: Do sociodemographic and psychiatric factors help understand urban–rural differences?

IntroductionStudies have pointed to rurality as an important factor influencing suicide. Research so far suggests that several sociodemograpic and psychiatric factors might influence urban–rural differences in suicide. Also, their contribution appears to depend on sex and age. Unfortunately, studies including a comprehensive set of explanatory variables altogether are still scare and most studies have failed to present their analyses split by sex and age groups. Also, urban–rural differences in suicide in Spain have been rarely investigated. The present study aimed at explaining rural–urban differences in suicidality in the province of Castellon (Spain). A comprehensive set of sociodemographic and psychiatric factors was investigated and analyses were split by sex and age. Material and methodThe sample comprised all suicides recorded in the province of Castellon from January 2009 to December 2015 (n=343). Sociodemographic data included sex, age, and suicide method. Psychiatric data included the history of mental health service utilization, psychiatric diagnosis, suicide attempts, and psychiatric hospitalization. ResultsConsistent with past research, suicide rates were highest in rural areas, especially in men and older people. We also found that urban–rural differences in sociodemographic and psychiatric variables were sensitive to sex and age. Our results indicated that specialized mental health service use and accessibility to suicide means might help understand urban–rural differences in suicide, especially in men. When exploring urban–rural differences as a function of age, general practitioner visits for psychiatric reasons were more frequent in the older age group in rural areas. ConclusionsStudy implications for suicide prevention strategies in Spain are discussed.

Hypertension and Associated Factors in Rural and Urban Areas Mali: Data from the STEP 2013 Survey.

Background Our study aims to estimate hypertension (HTN) prevalence and its predictors in rural and urban area. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional population-based study involving subjects aged 15 to 65 years. Collected data (sociodemographic, blood pressure, weight, height, and blood glucose) were analyzed using SPSS version 20. A logistic regression was conducted to look for factors associated with HTN. Results Mean was 47 years. High blood pressure (HBP) prevalence was 21.1 and 24.7%, respectively, in rural and urban setting. In rural area age group significantly predicted hypertension with age of 60 years having more-than-4-times risk of hypertension, whereas, in urban area age group, sex and body mass index were predictors with OR: HTN raising from 2.06 [1.24–3.43] for 30–44 years old to 7.25 [4.00–13.13] for 60 years and more using <30 years as reference. Female sex was protective with OR of 0.45 [0.29–0.71] and using normal weight as reference OR for overweight was 1.54 [1.04–2.27] and 2.67 [1.64–4.36] for obesity. Conclusion Hypertension prevalence is high and associated factors were age group in rural area and age group, female sex, and body mass index in urban area.

FOSTER FAMILY AS A NEW NURCING TECHNOLOGY IN THE POLICY OF AGEING IN THE REMOTE NORTHERN AREAS

The aim of the study was to summarize theoretical and empirical material on the improvement of the new social technology - foster family (FF) for the elderly in rural and remote areas of the European North of Russia, identifying the key factors of socio-psychological interaction between its members and the social service support. The factors influencing the quality of life of the older age group in rural areas are presented, the relationship between the quality of life and the characteristics of care in the elderly population living in remote northern territories is examined. Socio-psychological factors influencing to the implementation of FF technology in interaction of its key components: an elderly person, an assistant in a FF and the center of social services were identified and discussed. It is shown that FF for the elderly person is a factor of increasing the availability of social help and a form of satisfying the most vital and socialization needs in the family microenvironment in remote rural areas, which is indicated in Russian and foreign documents of aging policy.

Modern contraceptive methods utilization and associated factors among reproductive aged women in rural Dembia District, northwest Ethiopia: Community based cross-sectional study

Improving women's health through modern contraceptive methods utilization is the key strategy to prevent unwanted pregnancy and its complication. However, there was limited evidence on utilization of modern contraceptive methods in the study area. This study identified factors affecting utilization of modern contraceptive methods among women at reproductive age group in rural areas of Dembia district, 2015. Community based cross sectional study was conducted in 2015 in Dembia District. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select a total of 616 study participants. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with modern contraceptive utilization. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed to determine the level of significance. Modern contraceptive methods utilization was found to be 31.7% 95%CI (28.0-35.3). Age [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.94, (95%CI: 1.170-3.216)], women who has educated husband [AOR: 0.28, (95%CI: 0.117-0.666)], Marital status [AOR: 2.81, (95%CI: 1.344-5.855)] and Spousal announcement about family planning issues [AOR: 2.58, (95%CI: (1.276-5.202)] were factors associated with modern contraceptive methods utilization. Modern contraceptive methods utilization was found to be low. Providing educational opportunities, creating awareness about contraception and effective counseling would increase modern contraceptive methods utilization.