A Phase IIa randomized clinical trial of a respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus combination protein-based virus-like particle vaccine in adults 60-85years of age.

Trends and causes of mortality in Türkiye, 2009-2024: An analysis by age, sex, and cause of death.

The use of AI to support patient-centred communication could improve health outcomes but little is known about the equity of AI tools. We evaluated the completeness and accuracy of an AI tool that produces patient-centred medication information for patients following discharge from hospital, for different patient groups. We evaluated differences in the completeness and safety of AI-generated (GPT-4o) patient-centred medication instructions across age groups, patient complexity, and insurance type. AI-generated medication instructions were evaluated by clinical experts for the proportion of medications that were correctly represented, described in Universal Medication Schedule (UMS) form, and presence of safety issues. We tested for significant differences in completeness and safety between groups in 140 discharge summaries sampled from the Medical Information Mark for Intensive Care (MIMIC) database. The proportion of patient-centred discharge instructions where all medications were included was 95% (133/140) with a median of 6.0 medications (IQR 3.0-10.0). For most of the 140 cases, all medications from the discharge summary were correctly included (median 100% included, IQR 83.3%-100%) and new medications were rarely added by AI, but a lower proportion of medications were presented in UMS format (median 22.5%, IQR 0.0%-92.5%). Despite most medications being included, potential safety issues were identified in 69.3% (97/140). There was no evidence of a difference in the correctness of included medications across age groups (p=0.70), patient complexity (p=0.72), or insurance type (p=0.70). There was no evidence of a difference in proportion of medications in UMS format across age groups (p=0.88), patient complexity (p=0.94), or insurance type (p=0.49). There was evidence of a difference in the proportion of cases with at least one potential safety issue across age groups (p=0.031), patient complexity (p<0.001) and insurance types (p=0.047). We found evidence of a difference in safety issues in AI-generated medication instructions for older, more complex patients, and patients with certain types of insurance. Health system and contextual differences could create unexpected variations in AI-generated outputs. Studies of AI-generated messaging for patients should consider the severity and likelihood of safety issues, localised trials, and ongoing auditing.

Hip displacement in cerebral palsy (CP) is common, with incidence linked to ambulatory status. In the past, children 6 years of age or younger were treated with adductor releases alone, but a high failure rate was reported. Proximal femoral guided growth (PFGG) has had modest improvements in hip migration (∼10%) for older children (6y of age or older). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of age and preoperative migration percentage (MP) severity on treatment success for young children (6y of age or younger) with CP. Children with CP 6 years of age or younger, all Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels and motor types, undergoing PFGG ±adductor tenotomies, were identified. Children were stratified by age (younger than 4, 4 to 6y), motor type, and preoperative MP. The primary outcome was the MP. A successful outcome was defined as a ∆MP ≥10% (definitive improvement) or ∆MP <5% (no progression) at final follow-up. Changes in MP and differences in success rates between age groups were determined. Forty-four patients (78 hips) were included; follow-up was 1.9 (range: 0.8 to 4) years (22 [50%] ≥2 years follow-up). Concurrent adductor tenotomies were performed in 33 hips. All GMFCS levels showed improvement (GMFCS I-III: MP 37% to 29%, P =0.007, GMFCS IV to V: MP 43% to 37%, P <0.001). Greater MP improvements were seen for hips with preoperative MP ≥40% and for patients <4 vs 4 to 6 years old [41% to 28% ( P <0.001) vs. 37% to 37% ( P =0.44), respectively]. Definitive improvement was seen in younger children (younger 4 vs. 4 to 6y: 62% vs. 13%, respectively; P =0.003), and both age groups had high success with no progression (100% vs. 81%, respectively; P =0.07). PFGG was associated with improved hip migration for patients 4 years of age or younger, with high rates of success (no progression) for both age groups. Greater MP improvement was seen with MP ≥40%, possibly secondary to concomitant femoral neck shortening. Although PFGG offers a promising minimally invasive treatment for younger children with CP, further studies with longer follow-up duration, increased sample size, and comparison to an adductor-only group are necessary to determine its true efficacy. Level III.

Assess the short-term surgical outcomes of bilateral salpingectomy performed as a standalone procedure, focusing on complication rates by surgical indication and age group. Retrospective population-based cohort. British Columbia, Canada, from January 1st, 2008, to December 31st, 2022. 7102 people who received bilateral salpingectomies performed without concurrent surgical procedures. International Disease Classification codes were used to identify the indication for bilateral salpingectomy. We compared outcomes for salpingectomy performed for prophylactic versus contraceptive indications, as well as across different age groups. The primary outcome was a composite measure of complications assessed up from the index surgery to 6 weeks after discharge. We included admission to the intensive care unit, return to the operating room, in-hospital surgical complications, readmissions, and complications diagnosed during physician visits. There were 197 complications out of 7102 surgeries for bilateral salpingectomy corresponding to an overall complication rate of 2.8%. Complications occurred in 2.7% of procedures performed for contraception and 4.5% of those performed for prophylaxis, with no statistically significant difference between groups. There were also no significant differences in the adjusted risk ratios for same day discharge, postoperative complications, diagnostic imaging, or prescriptions for NSAIDs or opioids between indication groups. No significant differences in any of the measured outcomes were observed across age groups (< 35, 35-45, and > 45 years). These results illustrate low complication rates in people undergoing bilateral salpingectomy as a standalone surgical procedure.

An integrated metabolome-microbiome analysis revealed distinct regulatory effects of Xiaoer Chiqiao Qingre granules in young versus adult rats with acute upper respiratory tract infection.

The plasticity of body representation in response to tool use is a dynamic process that evolves across the lifespan. Research has shown that tools can become integrated into the body representation, effectively being treated as extensions of the body. However, this incorporation is age-dependent, reflecting the ongoing development, stabilization, and potential decline of sensorimotor integration and body representation mechanisms. In this study, we explored how age influences the plasticity of the body schema and perceived reaching distance during short-term tool-use training within near and far space. Eighty-four participants spanning various age groups (12-80years old) participated in two experimental sessions, utilizing a well-established tool-use paradigm to manipulate objects within both near and far spaces. To assess changes in body schema, a tactile distance judgment test was administered on the forearm in the proximodistal orientation. Furthermore, we employed a reaching distance estimation task to evaluate perceived reaching distance prior and after tool-use training. Across all age groups, participants showed reduced distance estimation between tactile stimuli on the forearm, but tool-use training did not produce any significant changes in these judgments. Findings further revealed no significant changes in perceived reaching distance after tool-use training over either near or far distances. We conclude that, although a large body of prior literature reports tool-use effects on body representational plasticity, our findings indicate that short-term tool-use does not significantly alter tactile distance perception of the forearm or perceived reaching distance across age groups. This suggests that brief tool-use exposure may be insufficient to induce lasting sensorimotor adaptations, and that more prolonged or immersive training may be required. While tool-use proficiency improves with age, the fundamental integration of tools into body representation appears to remain stable across the lifespan.

Injury severity analysis of e-bike crashes: An age-stratified study of riders aged 40 and above.

Factors associated with handgun carriage among U.S. adolescents, 2021-2022.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and hospitalizations in infants, particularly during the first months of life. In December 2023, Argentina introduced maternal RSV immunization with the RSV-preF vaccine into its National Immunization Program. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of this strategy, implemented in 2024, on the burden of severe respiratory disease among infants under 6 months of age. We conducted a controlled before-and-after quasi-experimental study using active surveillance data from 3 sentinel pediatric hospitals in Argentina (2022-2024). Hospitalized LRTI cases in children under 5 years were included and stratified into 3 age groups: <6 months (intervention group), 6-11 months and 12-59 months (age-based controls). RSV and human metapneumovirus were confirmed by molecular methods. Hospitalization rates per 1000 all-cause discharges were calculated. Impact was estimated using rate ratios, incidence rate reduction (IRR) and crude difference-in-differences. A total of 4103 hospitalized LRTI cases were included. Among infants <6 months, all-cause LRTI hospitalization rates declined by 41% (IRR: 40.7%; 95% confidence interval: 29.7-49.9), and RSV-associated hospitalizations decreased by 35% (IRR: 34.9%; 95% confidence interval: 16.9-49.0) between pre- and post-intervention periods. An estimated 258 all-cause LRTI and 102 RSV LRTI-related hospitalizations were prevented in this age group. No significant changes were observed in older age groups or in human metapneumovirus-associated hospitalizations. Crude DiD analysis estimated an attributable impact of 15%-16%, although not statistically significant. Maternal RSV immunization was associated with a substantial reduction in LRTI and RSV-related hospitalizations among infants under 6 months. These findings support the use of this strategy to reduce severe respiratory illness during the RSV season.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a prevalent issue, associated with a complex interaction of occupational risk factors that can be linked to lower quality of work life (QWL). While these relationships are well-established, it remains unclear how age-based differences mediate them, as younger and older workers may respond differently to various workplace hazards. Understanding these age-specific pathways is crucial for developing targeted interventions. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between occupational risk factors, WMSDs, and QWL across different age groups to identify key differences and inform ergonomic practice. A sample of 312 workers, divided into young (under 45 years) and older (45 years and above) groups, was analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test hypotheses linking biomechanical, psychosocial, and organizational risk factors to WMSDs and QWL. Significant differences were observed between age groups. Tight deadlines were associated with occupational stress (OS) only in older workers, whereas WMSDs were significantly associated with lower QWL only among younger workers. Physical job demands and OS were associated with WMSDs in both groups, and OS was related to their QWL. The findings indicate that worker age significantly influences how occupational risks are associated with WMSDs and QWL, and that these associations are not uniform. This study validated a model that examined the relationships among occupational risk factors, WMSDs, and QWL across age groups. The model demonstrated robust psychometric properties, enabling the identification of significant differences between young and older workers.

Ankle dorsiflexion is essential for lower extremity function and limitations in this motion are associated with musculoskeletal injury and decreased performance during functional tasks. The distance-based weight-bearing lunge test (WBLT) is a reliable and valid clinical measure of ankle dorsiflexion, yet normative data across age and sex are lacking. To establish adult age- and sex-specific normative values for the distance-based WBLT. Cross-sectional, multi-country observational study. A total of 899 adults from Canada, Spain, and Iran completed demographic and clinical measures including height, Foot Posture Index (FPI-6), supination resistance, and bilateral WBLT performance using a standardized knee-to-wall protocol. Participants were stratified into seven age groups and by sex. Between-limb differences were examined with paired t-tests. Associations between WBLT and height, FPI-6, and supination resistance were assessed using Pearson correlations. Age and sex effects were evaluated using two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni-adjusted comparisons. Percentile-based clinical categories were generated for each age-sex subgroup. No meaningful difference was observed between limbs (p=0.172, d=0.05). WBLT performance declined progressively with age (p<0.001, η2=0.283), with greater reductions evident beginning in the 60-69 age group. Males demonstrated slightly greater dorsiflexion than females across age groups (p=0.003, η2=0.010). Height, FPI-6, and supination resistance showed small, non-clinically meaningful associations with WBLT scores (R2≤0.09). This study provides robust age- and sex-specific normative values for the distance-based WBLT, improving clinical interpretation of weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion across the adult lifespan.

As many visual functions, also face perception is subject to age-related decline. Here we addressed whether sensitivity to 2nd order spatial relations among facial features suffers from aging. Thirty-one younger (M=23.5years) and fifty-seven older adults (M=61.7years) performed a change detection task in same/different format with faces manipulated in eye distance (horizontal, H) and eye height (vertical, V), while the face stimuli were composed of different sets of internal features (eyes, nose and mouth), shown in isolation or with the embedding external feature context (face outline with ears, hairline and hairs). V relations showed much stronger age-related decrease than H relations. In both age groups, sensitivity to H changes was practically unaffected by presence or absence of internal features and improved modestly from external feature context. Sensitivity to V changes was differently modulated by internal and external features in both age groups. Younger adults showed cumulative improvement from additional facial cues, while older adults performed worse with isolated sets of internal features and relied solely on external features when they were available. Both age groups showed similar effects of face inversion, which were of medium size in H but strong in V. Serious impairment in vertical 2nd order relations and internal feature weakness, coupled with reliance on just external features, indicate age-related impairment of internal feature coding and a loss of spatial cue integration. However, intact inversion effects suggest that also the elderly process faces using category-specific modules.

Introduction: Hypertensive emergencies represent lifethreatening conditions characterised by acute elevations in blood pressure with evidence of target organ damage. They remain a significant contributor to cardiovascular, neurological, and renal morbidity and mortality, often leading to hospitalisation. Early detection of end-organ involvement is therefore crucial to prevent irreversible damage and improve clinical outcomes. Aim: To study the association between patients presenting with hypertensive emergency in the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU) and target end-organ damage across different genders and age groups. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted among adult patients aged 18-80 years presenting with blood pressure ≥180/120 mmHg at R. D. Gardi Medical College and Charitable Hospital, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India, over a period of six months, from June 2024 to November 2024. Demographic data, medical history, and other clinical information, including Electrocardiography (ECG), Two Dimensional (2D) echocardiography, chest X-ray, funduscopic examination, ultrasonography of the abdomen, and neuroimaging studies, were collected. Data were analysed using SPSS software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Inc., Chicago, IL), version 29.0.10, with a p-value &lt;0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Among the 96 patients, 58 (60%) were male and 38 (40%) were female. The mean {±Standard Deviation (SD)} age was 58.66±12.62 years (range: 18-80 years). A past history of hypertension was present in 58 (60.4%) patients, with a mean duration of 6.51±4.34 years (range: 1-20 years). The most common forms of acute target organ damage were Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) with retinopathy in 24 patients (25%), followed by Myocardial Infarction (MI) with retinopathy in 15 (15.6%), retinopathy alone in 13 (13.5%), retinopathy with pulmonary oedema and acute heart failure in 11 (11.5%), and MI alone in 10 patients (10.4%). Conclusion: Hypertensive emergencies were more frequent among middle-aged and elderly males, most of whom had a prior history of hypertension. CVAs and retinopathy were the leading complications, followed by MI either alone or in combination with retinopathy. Strengthening early detection and ensuring strict blood pressure control are essential to reduce the burden of target organ damage in these patients.

Age-specific assessment of annual effective dose and excess lifetime cancer risk from radon in tap water of Mueang Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand.

Association of cardiac biomarkers with longitudinal cognitive changes in the general population.

Association between social participation and health status trajectories in older adults: A 19-year yamanashi healthy life expectancy cohort study (Y-HALE).

Quality of life, grip strength, health indicators, and clinical risk in older adults: A cross-sectional study.

Eco-anxiety refers to psychological distress arising from the anticipated impacts of planetary crises. Even though young people are at major risk for both psychopathology and the long-term consequences of planetary crises, no psychometrically validated German instrument currently exists to assess eco-anxiety in this age group, and research on age differences in eco-anxiety remains limited. The present study aimed to replicate the psychometric properties of the German validation study of the Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale (HEAS) in a younger age group (N = 414; Mage = 20.24, SDage = 2.80, age range: 15-25) as well as the four-factor structure (Affective Symptoms, Rumination, Behavioral Symptoms, and Anxiety about Personal Impact). By combining the present sample with two additional samples, measurement invariance across two age groups (15-25 years vs. >25 years) was established, suggesting that the HEAS measures eco-anxiety similarly across ages. All hypotheses were confirmed; additionally, latent mean comparisons show that the younger group experiences higher levels of eco-anxiety than the older group. Exploratory analyses further found that participants demonstrating elevated symptoms of depression or anxiety reported significantly higher levels of eco-anxiety across all HEAS subscales. Moreover, individuals residing in metropolitan areas scored higher on the scale Anxiety about the Personal Impact compared to participants from rural regions. Enhancing the precision of eco-anxiety assessment depending on age, clinical status, and geographical contexts enables the targeted development and implementation of preventive and therapeutic interventions according to the level of severity indicated by this instrument.

Doppler assessment of testicular arterial blood flow in stallions: influence of age and 180° spermatic cord torsion.