Populations with complex chronic conditions (CCCs), especially those reliant on medical technology, face disproportionate risks during disasters. Medicaid enrollees make up a large portion of these vulnerable populations, yet states often lack rapid identification systems to inform disaster planning. Florida Medicaid developed a claims-based method to identify enrollees with CCCs, including those dependent on medical technology, to support emergency preparedness and response activities. Using the Florida Medicaid Management Information System, the team applied a validated diagnostic and procedural code framework to classify enrollees into 12 CCC categories. Data were analyzed by age, geography, and technology dependence. Health plans received real-time reports before and after hurricanes in 2022 to 2024. Among 4.4 million enrollees, 7.2% had CCCs, and 18.2% of those were technology dependent. Geographic mapping showed higher concentrations in rural and coastal areas prone to disasters. Health plans reported using the data to contact members and coordinate services during hurricane recovery. This effort demonstrates the feasibility and utility of applying claims data to support disaster management. Other states may adapt this approach to improve emergency response and continuity of care for Medicaid's most medically vulnerable populations.

Increased leukemia incidence or mortality is a well-known effect of acute radiation exposure. Less is known about the risks associated with protracted exposure, such as those arising in occupational exposure settings. We used excess relative risk models to investigate the strength of evidence for and the shape of the dose response for mortality from leukemia (excluding chronic lymphocytic leukemia, CLL) in the Russian Mayak Worker Cohort. The cohort includes 25,757 workers followed for cancer mortality from 1948 to 2015 who were subject to both external low-dose-rate gamma ray and internal exposures (from alpha particles emitted by inhaled plutonium). The red bone marrow external dose estimates were based on individual readings from film badges or TLD dosimeters. The mean external marrow dose was 584 mGy for workers hired before 1959 and 105 mGy for those hired between 1959 and 1982. Internal exposures were described using red bone marrow alpha-particle dose for workers who were subject to plutonium monitoring and potential plutonium exposure categories for unmonitored workers. The mean marrow dose from internal exposure for monitored workers was 2.1 mGy for those hired before 1959 and 0.16 mGy for those hired between 1959 and 1982. Radiation effects were described using both excess relative rate (ERR) and excess absolute rate (EAR) models. The excess relative rates for the 96 deaths from non-CLL leukemia were described using a time-since-exposure-dependent quadratic response in cumulative external low LET dose with effect modification by attained age. While the largest ERRs [2.45 at 1 Gy, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.33 to 11.9] were associated with external doses received between 2 and 5 years before death, there was also a significant increase in rates for doses received 5 or more years before death (ERR 0.28 at 1 Gy, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.72) and an indication of increased rates associated with doses within two years of death (ERR 1.47 at 1 Gy, 95% CI 0.06 to 10.6). Uncertainties in these excess relative rate estimates from the primary models were adjusted for dose uncertainty. Excess absolute rate (EAR) models were also used to describe the leukemia death rates. The pattern of the EAR variation with time-since-exposure was like that for the ERR Doses received 2 to 4 years before death had the largest EAR (ERR 4.78 per 10,000 person years per Gy2, 94% CI 1.75 to 10.7) with increased rates for doses received within two years of death (3.66, 95% CI 9.26 to 11.2), and for doses received 5 or more years before death (0.34, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.7). However, while the ERR decreased with increasing attained age, there was no indication of an attained age dependence in the EAR. The external-exposure radiation-associated leukemia risk appeared to be largely from acute myeloid leukemia. There was no evidence of external exposure effects on the risks of death from chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoma, or multiple myeloma. There was no evidence of internal exposure effects on the rates of leukemia or other lymphohematopoietic malignancies. These analyses extend earlier studies of leukemia mortality in the Mayak worker cohort, with additional years of follow-up, utilize the latest bone marrow dose estimates, and include an assessment of the effect of shared dose uncertainty on risk uncertainty. Our results show significant excess risk for non-CLL leukemia mortality with a complex interaction between attained age, time since exposure, and age at exposure. The highest risk per unit dose was associated with exposures received 2-5 years before the time at risk. In addition, for a given total cumulative dose, the risk decreases rapidly with increasing attained age. We discuss the differences between the patterns of risk related to acute exposures in the Life Span Study of survivors of the atomic bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and chronic exposure in the Mayak Worker Cohort as well as differences between risk estimates in our study and others involving prolonged low-dose external gamma ray exposure.

ABSTRACT For over 30 years, China has defied predictions of the end of its economic ‘miracle’ which began in 1978 under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping. Such predictions first came to prominence from the early 1990s yet only recently have powerful, systemic threats emerged to that period of sustained economic growth that has lasted for almost five decades. China has benefitted from the demographic dividend of a low dependency ratio, compounded by China’s one-child policy which largely reduced the below working age dependency ratio. However, this exaggerated demographic dividend involved a heavy future cost in the form of the demographic cliff. The thesis of this analysis is that the demographic cliff, coupled with excessive debt accumulation since 2008, is rapidly exhausting China’s ability to sustain abnormal GDP growth. Furthermore, systemic features of CPC governance establish a default case for suboptimal decision-making, making mismanagement of the slowdown in Chinese growth likely to compound substantial downside risks to the Chinese economy in the foreseeable future.

Retrogressive thaw slumps are an increasingly prevalent form of abrupt permafrost thaw that can reshape ecosystem carbon exchange, yet their impacts remain poorly quantified. Here we show, using chamber measurements of fluxes at five young slumps during the 2024 growing season and a complementary August 2025 survey at five young and two older slumps, that thaw slumps shift alpine grasslands on the interior Tibetan Plateau from a carbon sink toward a carbon source. Exposed, vegetation-free surfaces halve respiration but reduce gross primary productivity by approximately four-fifths, producing a large increase in net CO2 release relative to undisturbed ground. CH4 uptake occurs but is too small to offset these losses. Cross-age comparisons show that the CO2 anomaly diminishes with time, with net exchange trending toward undisturbed levels. Together these results support a single-peak trajectory: expansion of exposed areas drives a source state, followed by partial recovery as vegetation re-establishes. These findings highlight the critical role of thaw slumps in reshaping alpine grassland carbon dynamics and underscore the need to incorporate abrupt thaw and its age dependence into carbon-climate models under ongoing permafrost degradation.

ABSTRACTEosinophilic pneumonia (EP) often requires long‐term steroid treatment, which has adverse effects. We report the case of an 83‐year‐old male with minimal‐change nephrotic syndrome, refractory asthma and steroid‐induced diabetes who developed a severe steroid‐dependent EP relapse during steroid tapering. Considering his age, comorbidities and steroid dependency, treatment with benralizumab, an anti‐interleukin‐5 receptor antibody, was initiated. Benralizumab rapidly depleted eosinophils, leading to significant clinical and radiological improvements, allowing successful sustained tapering of prednisolone to 5 mg daily, and improving diabetes control without EP relapse. Benralizumab provides effective steroid‐sparing therapy for steroid‐dependent EP, particularly in complex patients.

Understanding age-related changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF, rate of blood delivery to brain tissue) in sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a prerequisite to incorporating CBF as a marker of brain health. CBF decreases from school-age through adulthood in nonanemic people. In SCA, CBF is generally increased to compensate for anemia, but knowledge of age-related norms is limited. We hypothesized that age-related CBF trajectories differ for SCA vs nonanemic healthy persons: CBF increases from childhood to early adulthood in SCA to compensate for reduced blood oxygen content and then plateaus because of reduced vasodilatory capacity with older age. Children and adults with SCA and race-matched controls (hemoglobin [Hb] AA) aged 6-45 years were enrolled in an observational cross-sectional study from 2014 to 2023 at an academic and community health center. History of overt stroke or arterial stenosis >50% were exclusions. Brain MRIs were performed at 3T with arterial-spin-labeling measurements of gray matter CBF. Regression analyses assessed how age, imaging markers of ischemia, Hb, and arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) related to CBF. In 192 Black participants with SCA (N = 126; mean age = 18.7 ± 9.0 years, 52.4% female) or without SCA (N = 66; mean age = 22.4 ± 9.7 years, 54.5% female), total Hb was lower in SCA (mean Hb = 8.9 ± 1.3 g/dL) vs control (mean Hb = 13.4 ± 1.5 g/dL) participants (p < 0.001) and did not differ with age in the SCA group. SpO2 was reduced in SCA (median SpO2 = 96%; interquartile range [IQR] = 94-97.4%) vs controls (median SpO2 = 98%, IQR = 97-99%, p < 0.001). In SCA participants, SpO2 was lower in adults (median SpO2 = 95%, IQR = 94%-97%, p = 0.001) compared with children (SpO2 = 96.5%, IQR = 95%-98.2%). Regression analyses, including an interaction between age and group (SCA vs control), showed that CBF increases in SCA by 5.03 mL/100 g/min per decade (95% CI 1.70-8.37) and plateaus at approximately age 30-35 years. In controls, CBF decreased by -5.20 mL/100 g/min per decade (95% CI -8.96 to -1.94). The divergent age dependency of CBF between SCA and non-anemic persons may be explained by a gradient of increasing CBF with age required to compensate for reductions in blood oxygen content in SCA, with possible exhaustion of cerebral vasodilatory abilities in the fourth decade of life. Longitudinal studies are needed.

Backgrounds: In cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), a peak respiratory exchange ratio (pRER) is used as a marker of effort adequacy for determining peak VO 2 (VO 2peak ), a vital sign in clinical decision-making processes. The cut-off point of pRER in healthy volunteers varies from 1.0 to 1.20 among studies. The aim of this study was to search whether there is such a specific point of pRER on determining VO 2peak . Methods: From cross-sectionally accumulated 21,490 CPET records by a cycle ergometer, 1,165 healthy participants, aged 11 to 86 years (760 males and 405 females) were selected. Age dependency and sex difference of pRER were assessed in males and females. We expected that there may be an inflection point in a relation between pRER and VO 2peak . Then, the data were split consecutively into classes of pRER in 50 to 73 subjects each, where VO 2peak was the dependent variable and classes of pRER were the independent variable. Results: Sex differences in body weight, height, body mass index, VO 2peak , work rate and systolic blood pressure were significant, but not in pRER. An age-dependent decrease rate of pRER for males and females was statistically significant but this decreased rate was less than 0.01 RER in every 10 years, which support to handle pRER data including both females and males. The number of pRER classes was 21 (55 ± 9 subjects in each class), where two linear regression lines were visually confirmed between VO 2peak (range: 12.8 – 59.4 mL/kg/min) and pRER (range: 0.084 – 1.50), and the slope becomes less than one third gentler above 1.12 on pRER. Conclusions: An inflection point of a relation between VO 2peak and pRER indicates a unique cut off point of acceptable peak exercise where the relation above 1.12 pRER may represent a limit of O 2 uptake during CPET in healthy subjects.

Thalassemia in europe: A cross-border real-world data analysis from the radeep registry

ABSTRACT By integrating the perspectives of age dependence and resource dependence theory (RDT), this paper explores the relationship between dependence on age‐distant suppliers and green innovation. Meanwhile, considering the mechanisms adopted by firms to manage supplier dependence, we also examine the moderating effects of various dependency management mechanisms. Utilizing a dataset of 1427 dyad‐year observations comprising 369 unique Chinese high‐polluting listed firms between 2008 and 2020, we find that the age distance between a buyer and its suppliers has a positive effect on green innovation. However, this positive association is weakened as the buyer firm progresses along its lifecycle stages, possesses state ownership (formal links with the government), or exhibits a high degree of board network centrality (informal links with other stakeholders). Our study contributes to the literature by offering important theoretical and practical implications and further refines RDT in the context of green innovation.

ABSTRACT Precuneus dysfunction is a crucial biomarker of Alzheimer's disease (AD), playing a central role in AD continuum. However, the stage‐specific changes and temporal effects of structural and functional connectivity (FC) within para‐cingulate networks (PCNs), which are newly discovered and highly precuneus‐related networks across the AD continuum remain unclear. This study aimed to characterize the abnormalities in brain regions associated with PCN and default mode network (DMN) across the stages of subjective memory complaints (SMC), early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI), late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI) and AD, and to assess the temporal effects on the stage‐dependent changes. A total of 153 elderlies were included. Baseline and two‐year follow‐up data were collected, including demographic information (six‐month and 12‐month intervals were also collected), neuropsychological assessments, and T1‐weighted and resting‐state functional MRI. We mapped the trajectory of structural and functional abnormalities in PCN/DMN‐related regions across the AD continuum, along with their associations with neuropsychological measures. At the baseline, reduced gray matter volume (GMV) in PCN was observed exclusively in the AD, specifically in Brodmann areas 7 posterior‐medial (Ba7), Ba 23 part c/d, parieto‐occipital sulcus, and retro‐splenial cortex. After 2 years, GMV abnormalities gradually emerged in LMCI. This decline was associated with global cognitive, functional activity deficits and increased dementia severity. Reduced FC between precuneus and Ba7 was observed in AD and LMCI at 2‐year visit and was associated with dementia severity. Over time, the gap in GMV and FC within DMN/PCN‐related regions across AD continuum progressively narrowed. Functional connectivity and structural abnormalities in PCN regions exhibit age dependency, first emerging in AD and progressively affecting LMCI over time. Abnormalities in DMN can initially be observed in SMC. Both of which intensify over time and with increasing disease severity within the AD spectrum. These findings suggest that the disruption of organizational integrity of these two networks is a key factor in the progression of AD and may dynamically reflect the development of the disease.

Most European countries experienced three COVID-19 waves in 2020–2021. In Poland, Wave 1 (March-July 2020) was associated with a severe lockdown prohibiting external social activities beyond every-day necessities. During Waves 2 and 3 some restrictions were reimplemented, however, impacted everyday life less. The study aimed to analyze the individual as well as long-term impacts of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns on glycemic control in different age groups of people with diabetes using intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM), in Poland. We analyzed retrospective data from isCGM users during the COVID-19 pandemic (from January 2020 to September 2021), describing glucometrics according to the International Consensus on time in range (TIR). Longitudinal data were analyzed from 680 Polish patients with diabetes, comprising 470 adults aged 18–64, 66 adults aged 65+, and 144 children and adolescents. The most evident improvement in glycemic indices was observed during the first, most severe lockdown, especially in adults (TIR 68.2 vs. 65.6%). For seniors, most indices were stable during the pandemic, with only small improvement in time below range (TBR) (TBR70 1.9 vs. 2.6%). The comparison of the pre-pandemic and post-lockdown periods showed that most glycemic indices returned to similar levels, however, in children and adolescents, some deterioration was seen. Changes in glycemic indices during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020–2021 in patients using isCGM differed between the 3 lockdown events and between age groups. Results demonstrate an age dependency in users’ response to the COVID-19 lockdowns in Poland and suggest that behavior changes brought on by dramatic lifestyle changes associated with COVID lockdowns were not sustained following the pandemic. Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-025-20323-z.

Quantitative comparison of T1, T2, T1ρ, and ADC for assessing age-related intervertebral disc degeneration.

Abstract Extending working lives is a timely and policy-relevant topic across Europe due to population aging and increased old age dependency ratio. Several individual, workplace, and societal factors are associated with longer working lives. Health is shown to be a key determinant of work participation with advancing age, and thus, public health is strongly interconnected to the goals of extending working careers. This symposium highlights ongoing research from three Nordic countries in regards to different aspects of public health, namely, health behaviors, health and functional capacity, as well as labor market transitions with advancing age. The presentations also demonstrate different statistical methods to analyze transitions between different states over time (e.g., work, retirement, and disability). The first presentation by Dr. Saana Myllyntausta from University of Turku, Finland, will show how health behavioral factors, especially physical activity and sleep, predict working life expectancy at the age 50 based on Finnish data. Next, the presentation by Dr. Bjørn Heine Strand from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health and Dr. Ellen Melbye Langballe from Norwegian National Centre for Ageing and Health, will share findings from the HUNT study and the Tromsø study showing how physical, mental, and cognitive health, as well as functional capacity, determine capacity to work between ages 60 and 70. Finally, Dr. Brian Beach from Karolinska Institutet, Sweden, will analysis of the Swedish policy context showing the complexity of labor market transitions after age 65, using population-based register data. The three presentations are followed by discussion by Dr. Kristin Farrants from Karolinska Institutet, Sweden, who will provide a synthesis of the presentations and highlight avenues for future work. The last part of the workshop will be devoted to interactive discussion among the presenters, discussant and audience. Key messages • Health is a key determinant of work participation with advancing age, which highlights the importance of public health policies in supporting sustainable working life. • Modern statistical methods enable modelling the complexity of labor market transitions and exits among older working adults.

Food assistance is one of the international commitments to reduce food insecurity in developing countries, but only a few studies have explored its effectiveness, especially in across multiple countries. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of international food assistance on food insecurity in developing countries. I analysed 2001–2021 data from 70 developing countries across Africa, Asia and Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean using the system General Method of Moment (sys-GMM). Our study indicates that international food assistance reduces food insecurity in Africa but has no impact on other regions. Government effectiveness and agricultural imports can help to minimise food insecurity in the study areas. Food inflation and age dependency ratios increase food insecurity in developing countries, whereas other variables have different effects among regions.

Abstract We combine James Webb Space Telescope images of the nearby galaxy NGC 5194 in the hydrogen recombination line Paα (1.8756 μm) from the Cycle 1 program JWST-FEAST with 21 μm dust continuum images from the Cycle 2 Treasury program JWGT to quantify the difference in the calibration of mid-infrared star formation rates (SFRs) between H II regions and galaxies. We use archival Hubble Space Telescope Hα imaging to correct the Paα emission for the effects of dust attenuation. Our data confirm previous results that the dust-corrected Paα flux is tightly correlated with the 21 μm emission at the scales of H II regions. When combined with published JWST data for the H II regions of the galaxy NGC 628 and Spitzer Space Telescope 24 μm data for whole galaxies and for kiloparsec-size galaxy regions, we show that the L(24)–L(Paα) relation has exponent &gt; 1 across six decades in luminosity. In addition, the hybrid 24 μm + Hα SFR indicator has a scaling constant about 4.4 times higher for H II regions than for whole galaxies, also in agreement with previous results. Models of stellar populations with a range of star formation histories reveal that the observed trends can be entirely ascribed to and quantified with the contribution to the infrared emission by stellar populations older than ∼5–6 Myr. Based on the models’ results, we provide (1) a calibration for the infrared SFR across 6 orders of magnitude in L(24), from H II regions to luminous galaxies, and (2) a prescription for the scaling constant of the hybrid infrared SFR indicators as a function of the star formation timescale.

This study aimed to explore family and caregiver's quality of life, identifying psychosocial factors related to it. A cross-sectional quantitative study was carried out with 153 caregivers of children and adolescents with various neuromuscular diagnosis. Caregivers responded to the PedsQL FIM, PAS, MOS, and FACES III scales. Medium to low levels of quality of life (QoL) were found in caregivers of children with neuromuscular diseases. Caregivers reported low perceived family resources, but most of them presented good psychological adaptation and social support. QoL differences were found according to child's functional dependence and access to pharmacological treatment. Multiple regression analysis showed a model for Family QoL explained by family resources, caregiver's age, social support, and child's functional dependence. Families had better levels of QoL because they have a higher perception of their family resources, caregivers are older, have more functional social support, and the child has a higher degree of dependency. Results emphasized the need to adopt a psychological and family approach in the management of neuromuscular diseases.

Globally, there is a significant debate on the Aging population matter among the researchers and government authorities, however, its adverse impacts, specifically economic impacts, are a controversial issue. This paper intends to assess the long and short run impacts of population aging on the economic growth of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Using annul data for the period 1981-2021 and applying the “Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL)” framework, we show that population again is indeed detrimental for the long run growth performance of KSA. On the other hand, age dependency has impacted the growth performance positively. Moreover, human capital and domestic investment have positively impacted economic growth which is consistent with prior theoretical and empirical literature. Furthermore, inflation rate has negatively influenced economic growth while trade openness has not had the desirable significant impact on economic growth. Moreover, the short run analysis shows that economic growth positively responds to changes in trade and domestic investment and negatively to changes in inflation rate. Finally, the causality analysis displayed several one-way and two-way causal relationships among the variables including the bidirectionality between population aging and economic growth. Our results have important policy implications for the policymakers of the economy of KSA.

Abstract Using observations from the Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory, this paper investigates how momentum flux in the marine atmospheric surface layer over the coastal ocean varies with fetch, wave age, and wave slope and assesses the performance of the COARE 3.5 bulk parameterization. Long-fetch (at least 300 km) and short-fetch (3–6 km away from land) conditions have very similar momentum flux, with the latter being just 15% higher. The COARE 3.5 wind speed–dependent formulation closely matches the observations. The sea state dependence of wave age and wave slope is analyzed by considering both peak frequency and mean frequency in a wave spectrum. The slope of regression lines between normalized roughness and wave age is sensitive to wind speed ranges and the scatter of momentum flux, potentially explaining why earlier studies did not find a universal formula to characterize the wave dependence. Although the observed momentum flux exhibits an obvious dependence on wave age, a robust quadratic fit between momentum flux and the 10-m neutral wind speed exists only for young waves. For the short-fetch conditions, the momentum flux does not increase as wave slope increases. This may be because waves generated by local wind are still weak and swell that propagates from other areas dominates the wave spectra. In other words, the wave slope computed by considering the spectra does not properly reflect the local wind–wave interaction.

The outskirts of the Milky Way disc have been known to be warped since the late 1950s. Although various stellar populations have shown an underlying warped distribution, the relation between the age of the population and the warp they trace remains an open question. Understanding this relation may shed light on the origin of the warp, which remains a puzzle to be solved. Our goal in this work is to detect the presence of the warp in the RR Lyrae (RRL) population of the Milky Way disc. We used a compilation of the three largest public catalogues of RRL stars, precise photometric distances (∼5%), and Gaia DR3 proper motions to kinematically select a sample of thin disc RRLs in the Galactic anti-centre, where the tangential velocity best approximates the azimuthal velocity to differentiate between those that rotate (disc) and those that do not (halo). For disc-like RRLs we analysed their mean vertical height and mean vertical velocity. For the first time, we show that RRL stars with thin disc-like kinematics trace the warp. In the anti-centre direction, the RRL population reaches a minimum in mean vertical height of ≈0.4±0.2 kpc, with a trend systematically lower than the one found with classical Cepheids. The kinematical signal of the RRL warp starts at R≈10 kpc and, rather than resembling that of the Cepheids, shows a similar trend to the red clump population from previous works, reaching a maximum value of ≈9±5 ̨ms in vertical velocity. We also obtain an estimation of the pattern speed of the RRL warp with a prograde rotation of ≈13±2 ̨mskpc, which is compatible with results obtained from classical Cepheids. Finally, we also obtain a vertical velocity dispersion ≈ 17 ̨ms, which is inconsistent with the kinematics of a canonical old age ($&gt;10$ Gyr) disc population and, instead, favours a population dominated by intermediate age stars (3-4 Gyr), in agreement with recent works that suggest the existence of such unexpected intermediate age RRLs in the thin disc. Our results indicate that thin disc RRL stars are a dynamical intermediate-age tracer of the warp, which opens a new window to study the dependency of the warp on stellar age in the Milky Way. The warp's age dependency will help constrain the physical mechanism behind its origin and its role in the Milky Way dynamical history.

ABSTRACTObjectiveAnti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) has become an important hormonal parameter for the detection of gonadal tissue and for the diagnosis of gonadal functions and pathologies. To our knowledge, there is currently no homologous test for AMH measurements in South American camelids (SACs). Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine serum AMH concentrations in postpubertal male alpacas and, for the first time, in llamas, using the Elecsys AMH assay kit that has not previously been tested in these species. To obtain indications of the specificity of this method in SAC, measurements were carried out in male gelding in which concentrations below the detection limit were to be expected.MethodsIn this context, 37 blood samples collected by jugular venipuncture from 21 alpacas and 16 llamas were used. The obtained blood was centrifuged at 3000 g for 20 min, and the serum was stored in Eppendorf tubes at −20°C until AMH concentrations were measurement. The measurement of AMH levels was conducted in a commercial diagnostic laboratory (Laboklin, Bad Kissingen, Germany) using the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay kit Elecsys AMH run on the fully automated Cobas e 601 analyser (Roche Diagnostics Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim). The AMH test had a minimum detection limit of 0.01 ng/mL and a maximum detection limit of 23 ng/mL. The intra‐assay coefficient of variation is between 2.7% and 3.3%.ResultsBlood serum AMH levels ranged between 4.10 and 22 ng/mL (median: 9.80 ng/mL) and 1.79 and 10.05 ng/mL (median: 4.00) in intact alpacas (age: 6.30 ± 2.71 years; n = 10) and llamas (age: 5.50 ± 4.34; n = 8), respectively, and were significantly different between samples obtained from the two species (p < 0.05). Correlation analyses regarding an age dependence of AMH concentrations yielded negative correlation coefficients for both species but non‐significant p values (alpaca: r = −0.165, p = 0.649; llama: r = −0.547, p = 0.160). In alpaca (n = 11) and llama geldings (n = 8), blood serum AMH levels were below 0.01 ng/mL (p < 0.001). These results prove that the antibodies used in the Elecsys AMH assay significantly and specifically cross‐react with SAC AMH.ConclusionsIn gelding llamas and alpacas, AMH concentrations were below the limit of detection (<0.01 ng/mL), which was significantly lower compared to intact animals (p < 0.001). The Elecsys AMH assay is therefore considered a suitable method for detecting gonadal tissue in SAC.